Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR)

The CMRR in an operational amplifier is a common mode rejection ratio. Generally, the op amp
as two input terminals which are positive and negative terminals and the two inputs are applied at
the same point. This will give the opposite polarity signals at the output. Hence the positive and
the negative voltage of the terminals will cancel out and it will give the resultant output voltage.
The ideal op amp will have the infinite CMRR and with the finite differential gain and zero
common mode gain.

Significance of CMRR
CMRR is a figure of merit for deciding the opamp performance quality. More this value, more is
the capacity of the opamp to reject noise and static w.r.t the desired signals. Extremely important
for devices measuring very small signals like those in Medical Electronics.

The opamp's transfer function is

VOUT =G × (V+ − V− )

Where G is the gain. So when both inputs are equal the output should be zero. For real-world
opamps this is not quite so. If you apply 10 V to both inputs you'll have a small output voltage
which is higher than when you apply 5 V to both inputs. A CMRR of 100 dB will attenuate this
common input level by a factor 100 000, so the 10 V will be reduced to 100 µV.

The higher the CMRR the better. An ideal opamp shouldn't show anything at all of a common
mode input signal.