Saraswati Vidya Niketan

Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examinations (CAPE)

Chemistry- Unit 1
SBA- 10
DATE:

TITLE: Kinetics II

AIM: To determine the order of reaction from initial rates.

BACKGROUND:
The order of a chemical reaction is defined as the power to which the concentration of reactants is raised on the
experimentally determined rate equation.

A+B products

The rate of the reaction is related to the concentration of the reactants by the rate equation:

Rate = k [A]x [B]y

Where k is the rate constant and x and y are the order with respect to the reactants A and B, respectively.
Usually x and y have values of 0, 1, and 2. The overall order of the reaction is (x + y).

When the order is o (zero order), the concentration has no effect on the rate. An order of 1 (first order) indicates
that doubling the concentration of the reactant doubles the rate, and an order of 2 (second order) means that
doubling the concentration of the reactant quadruples the rate.

In this experiment, acidified hydrogen peroxide reacts with iodide ions to liberate iodine.

H2O2 (aq) + 2I- (aq) + 2H+ (aq) 2H2O (l) + I2 (aq)

In the presence of sodium thiosulphate and starch, the iodine reacts with the thiosulphate ions to form a
colorless solution. When no more thiosulphate ions are left, a blue color of the iodine-starch complex is seen. If
the amount of sodium thiosulphate is kept constant, then the time taken for the blue color to appear is a measure
of the rate which can then be used to find the order of reaction with respect to a reactant.

MATERIALS/ APPARATUS: - 1M H2SO4

- 0.1 M H2O2
- 0.05M KI
- 0.01M Na2S2O3
- 2% Starch solution
- 4 25cm3 measuring cylinder
- 100cm3 beaker
- White tile
- Stop watch
METHOD:
1. Using a measuring cylinder, place 10cm3 of H2SO4, 10cm3 KI and 10cm3 sodium thiosulphate in a
beaker.
2. Add 10cm3 water and 2cm3 2% starch solution to the mixture.
 3. Place the beaker on the white tile.
4. Place 10cm3 hydrogen peroxide in another measuring cylinder.
5. Add the hydrogen peroxide to the mixture in the beaker and start timing. Record the time it takes for the
blue colour to appear.
6. Repeat the experiment for the other two mixtures as shown in table 1.
Table 1: Reaction Parameters
Mixture Vol. of Vol. of Vol. of Vol. of Vol. of
acid (cm3) Na2S2O3 (cm3) KI (cm3) H2O2 (cm3) water (cm3)
1 10 10 10 10 10
2 10 10 10 20 0
3 10 10 20 10 0

RESULTS:

CALCULATIONS:
1. Adjust your results table to show the number of moles contained in each of the volumes of each reagent.
Construct a new table to reflect the calculated values.
2. Calculate the concentration values of each of the reagents and construct a table to reflect these values.
3. Deduce the order with respect to KI and H2O2.
4. Find the rate constant.
5. Deduce the overall order of the reaction.
6. Write the rate law for the reaction.

DISCUSSION:
1. Write a balanced equation to depict what is happening in the experiment.
2. Why was water added only to the first mixture?
3. How is the affected by the change in the concentration of the H2O2?
4. How is the rate affected by the change in the concentration of KI?

CONCLUSION:
MARK SCHEME:
SBA: Kinetics II (AI)
Analysis and Interpretation Marks Marks
Allocation Scored
Balanced chemical reaction 6
-all correct state symbols =2 marks (-1 for each error)
-correct chemical formula = 2 marks (-1 for each error)
-correct balancing =2 marks (-1 for each error)
Correct values for moles and concentration calculated = 2 marks 2
(-1 for each error)
Correct order given for each reagent 4
-Explanation (2)
-Correct answers (2)
Overall order of the reaction calculated and stated (-1 for each error) 3
Rate law for reaction 6
-all reagents = 3 marks
-correct orders inserted = 3 marks
Rate constant 2
-correct value (1)
-correct units (1)
Limitations/Precautions/Source of errors 2
(Any two parameters stated correctly = 2 marks)
Conclusion is linked to Aim 1
Total 26
Weighted marks 12