Chemistry 1

Worksheet 7
Atomic Theory of Matter, Part 2

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1. To form 1.754 g of water, 0.195 g hydrogen are used. Assuming all mass is conserved, how
much oxygen was used?

2. Is mass conserved when 15 g C6H12O6 is formed from 6 g carbon, 1 g of hydrogen, and 8 g of

oxygen?

3. A certain compound is produced from nitrogen and oxygen, where 2.28 g oxygen used for
every 1.00 g nitrogen.
a. What is the ratio of nitrogen to oxygen?

b. If 9.56 g of this compound was formed using 6.65 g O, how much nitrogen was used?

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4. Three different experiments were run in order to determine whether a synthetic procedure
was reproducible. In the first experiment, 4.26 g of BF3 was produced from 3.57 g F and 0.68
g B. Based on this information, complete the following table for the second two
experiments.

Experiment # B F BF3
2 1.07 g 6.71 g
3 4.60 g 5.47 g

5. In order to make Al2O3, 3.0 g of Al was combined with 25.0 g of O. Is it possible for 5.5 g
Al2O3 to be formed if 23.5 g O was left unreacted?

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6. Elemental analysis is performed to determine the purity of compounds by determining what
elements are in a sample. Three different samples of sodium bicarbonate were submitted to
be analyzed to determine what elements comprise this compound, and the following table
of data was returned.

Sample Na (g) H (g) C (g) O (g)

1 0.54 0.0238 0.286 1.15
2 0.683 0.030 0.357 1.43
3 0.575 0.025 0.300 1.20

Use this data to demonstrate that the law of constant proportions is true.

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Three different samples of unknown composition were submitted to elemental analysis. The
following results were obtained. Use it to answer questions 7 and 8.

Sample N (g) O (g)

1 1.91 1.09
2 1.866 2.134

7. Are these two samples from the same compound?

8. Which do these samples demonstrate: The Law of Constant Composition or The Law of
Multiple Proportions?

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 Answer Key

1. To form 1.754 g of water, 0.195 g hydrogen are used. Assuming all mass is conserved, how
much oxygen was used?

Since we know mass was conserved, we just need to subtract the mass of hydrogen used to
create the reported mass of water.
Mass oxygen used = 1.754 g – 0.195 g
Correct answer: 1.560 g oxygen used

2. Is mass conserved when 15 g C6H12O6 is formed from 6 g carbon, 1 g of hydrogen, and 8 g of

oxygen?
To answer, add up the masses of all reactants and compare it to the mass of the product, 15
g.
Total mass of reactants: 6 g + 1 g + 8 g = 15 g.

Correct answer: Yes, mass is conserved since the mass of products equals the mass of
reactants.

3. A certain compound is produced from nitrogen and oxygen, where 2.28 g oxygen used for
every 1.00 g nitrogen.
a. What is the ratio of nitrogen to oxygen?
Just divide each mass by the smaller number.
Correct answer:
The ratio is just 1 (N) : 2.28 (O)

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 b. If 9.56 g of this compound was formed using 6.65 g O, how much nitrogen was used?
You can solve this in one of two ways.
Option #1:
Simply subtract 9.56 g – 6.65 g O = 2.91 g

Option #2:
Use the ratio 1 : 2.28 to solve.
1 g N N
=
2.28 g O 6.65 g O
Cross-multiply and divide to arrive at 2.91 g N.
Correct answer: 2.91 g N.

4. Three different experiments were run in order to determine whether a synthetic procedure
was reproducible. In the first experiment, 4.26 g of BF3 was produced from 3.57 g F and 0.68
g B. Based on this information, complete the following table for the second two
experiments.

All you need to do is subtract the mass of the individual elements from the mass of BF3
produced to determine how much missing element was used.

Experiment # B F BF3
2 1.07 g 5.64 g 6.71 g
3 0.87 g 4.60 g 5.47 g

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5. In order to make Al2O3, 3.0 g of Al was combined with 25.0 g of O. Is it possible for 5.5 g
Al2O3 to be formed if 23.5 g O was left unreacted?

According to the law of conservation of mass, the mass of products must equal the mass of
reactants.
Reactants: 3.0 g + 25.0 g = 28.0 g
Products: 5.5 g + 23.5 g = 29.0 g

Since the mass of the products is higher, this reaction is not possible.

Correct answer: No, it is not possible since the products produce a greater mass than the
reactants.

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6. Elemental analysis is performed to determine the purity of compounds by determining what
elements are in a sample. Three different samples of sodium bicarbonate were submitted to
be analyzed to determine what elements comprise this compound, and the following table
of data was returned.

Sample Na (g) H (g) C (g) O (g)

1 0.54 0.0238 0.286 1.15
2 0.683 0.030 0.357 1.43
3 0.575 0.025 0.300 1.20

a. Use this data to demonstrate that the law of constant proportions is true.
To solve this, we need to add up all the masses of an individual samples. Sample 1 has a
total mass of 2.0 g, Sample 2 has a mass of 2.5 g, and Sample 3 has a mass of 2.1 g.
Then, we need to divide each element in each sample by the total mass of that sample and
convert the masses into percentages.
So, for sample 1, to get the percent of sodium (Na), we just divide 0.54 g by 2.0 g, and get
0.27. Multiply this value by 100 to get a percent, 27.0 %. Do this for the rest of the elements
for all three samples.
You may find it easy to just create a new table to organize your data, like the one below.

Sample Na H C O
1 27.0% 1.20% 14.3 % 57.5%
2 27.3% 1.20% 14.3% 57.2%
3 27.4% 1.20% 14.3% 57.1%

As you can see, each of the samples contains each of the elements in nearly identical
percentages! This demonstrates the Law of Constant Proportions, which states that all
samples of a compound have the same proportions by mass of the element present.
So, no matter where we take samples of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) from on earth, it will
be comprised of (roughly) 27% Na, 1.2% H, 14.3% C, and 57.5% O!
Note: It’s completely normal for the numbers to be slightly different from one another.

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 Three different samples of unknown composition were submitted to elemental analysis. The
following results were obtained. Use it to answer questions 7 and 8.

Sample N (g) O (g)

1 1.91 1.09
2 1.866 2.134

7. Are these two samples from the same compound?

To answer, let’s divide each element mass by the total mass in the sample.

Sample N O
1 63.7 % 36.3%
2 46.65% 53.35%

Clearly, these are not from the same compound, since the percentages of each element
is wildly different from one another.
Correct answer: they are from different compounds.

8. Which do these samples demonstrate: The Law of Constant Composition or The Law of
Multiple Proportions?
The Law of Constant Proportions requires that the samples be from the same
compound, so the answer must be The Law of Multiple Proportions. However, we
should still demonstrate this is true.

Simply divide the ratio of N:O in Sample 1 by the ratio of N:O in Sample 2.

!".$
"!." !.#$
%!.!& = = 2.00, a whole number!
%.&#'
&"."&
Correct answer: Law of Multiple Proportions

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