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OBJECTIVE LEARNING
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1 2 min Introduce the PPT

topic and define Define
the term Introduction Lecture curriculum
curriculum cum
discussion
Curriculum is the base in education on which the teaching learning process
and implemented. The term “curriculum" is a Latin word „currere' which
means „race course‟ or a „runway' which are taken to reach a goal;

Curriculum may be considered as a blue print of an educational programme. It

is the base of education on which the teaching learning process is planned
implemented.

Definition
“Curriculum is a tool in the hands of an artist to mould his material, according
to his Ideals in his studio”-Cunningham.
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2 2 min Enlist the nature OHP

of curriculum
Nature of Curriculum Lecture What is the
 Continuous ongoing cum nature of
discussion curriculum
 Flexible to meet the changing demand
 Has societal & health orientation
 Meets the individual social & National needs
 Ideal & realistic approach
 Depends on the philosophy & objectives
 Involves 2 theories. Theory of value & knowledge
 Prepared by authority Bases on the interests, abilities & aptitudes
 Influenced by political. economic & scientific factor

Determinants and Foundation of Curriculum

Development of curriculum depends largely on three fields:
 Philosophy
 Sociology
Psychology
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3 2 min Discuss the Philosophical Determinants of Curriculum It aims at the all-round PPT
determinants of What are the
curriculum
development of the individual Lecture determinants
 It is based on the philosophy of nation. cum of curriculum
discussion
 It reflects the ideals and aspirations of the people
 It includes the desired ideals of life in the youngsters.
 It helps in the development of proper philosophy of life.
 It is in accordance with the aspiration level of the individual
 It enables the learners to learn the desirable cultural values, intellectual
virtues, social norms, and moral doctrine.
 It helps in develop in personal and national character.

Sociological determinants of curriculum:

 Core values and needs of Indian society
 Changing values of the people
 Demands of modernization
 Good family life, ways of life
 Democratic temper of the society
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4 2 min  Faith, beliefs and attitudes of the people PPT

 Cooperation Lecture
 Media explosion cum
discussion
 Population explosion
 Regional and national imbalance
 Economic efficiency
 Education for fellowship and leadership
 Creative and purposeful activities
Cultural, political factors

Psychological determinants:
 Knowledge of the nature of the learner and learning process and the
conditions facilitating optimum learning
 Knowledge of growth and development
 Intelligent, development
 capacities Curriculum to be child centered, learning experiences
should be provided in accordance with the mental development of
learner i.e. ability grouping
 Interests of the learner
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5 2 min Describe the Other determinants: PPT

process of What is the
curriculum  Scientific: To achieve complete development of an individual & to Lecture process of
development prepare for complete living i.e. human activities in 5 categories: self cum curriculum
discussion development
preservation, self protection, promotes human pregnancy & its
protection, social & political protection & last proper utilization of
leisure time.
 Political: To develop democratic values of social justice, equity,
socialism, rights & duties.

Process & Steps of Curriculum Development

Curriculum development is an on-going society is not static; therefore its
needs are not static. improvement in general education, changes in traditional
customs, advances in medical sciences, research in nursing and increasing
availability of resources all have an effect on nursing education, so that
evaluation and modification of the curriculum are essential if the programme
offered y the school/college is to keep pace which a particular school] college
of nursing plans for its students and which is developed by the members of its
own curriculum committee.
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6 3 min Explain the Flash card

process of Phases of Curriculum Process Which are the
curriculum Lecture phases of
Phase I- Formulating the statement of philosophy of the school or college or cum curriculum
university discussion

Phase II- Establishment of purposes and objectives of the school or college or

university.
Phase III- Selection of learning experience to achieve the purposes and
objectives
Phase IV- Effecting organization of the selected learning experience.
Phase V- Evaluation of the total program.

Phase l: Formulating the statement of Philosophy

The philosophy and administration of school or college, institution or
education program originates from the Board of Trustees and its member
constituted by the government or any private test, which are expected to
become acquainted with the interests and problems in the community. For
example, community may decide to organize hospital for care of sick,
organization of university or college or school of nursing may follow.
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7 2 min  An educational philosophy states the values which are believed to be PPT

right, true and good by the persons responsible for the school or Lecture
college. cum
discussion
 An educational philosophy will be
 unique to the particular society and individuals whom it serves.
 College or school philosophy is used as a screen.
 College or school philosophy should not conflict with the philosophy
of the institution of which it is a part.
 College or school should be re-examined periodically.

Phase II- Aims, goals and objectives:

 The ultimate goals are the expected outcomes expressed as patterns or
category of behaviour.
 Ultimate goals are the expected end product of an education carried
out overtime.
Mediate goals are the patterns of expected behaviour at given stages
over the educational period.
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8 2 min Describe the PPT How you will

classification of classify the
learning Classifications of learning experience Lecture learning
experience 1) Direct experience: there is first-hand experience with various objects cum experience
discussion
or symbols. They are as follows
 Observing samples or specimens
 Experimenting with physical and chemical materials
 Setting up apparatus for experiment
 Operating machines
 Constructing models, charts, plans, diagrams
 Drawing figures, painting models
 Listening important facts and points
 Presenting ideas in orally or written
 Conducting physical examination of clients
 Performing nursing procedures
 Handling different types of medical instruments
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9 2 min PPT
llPhase IV-Organizing and integration of experiences and content Lecture
The major task to be attempted in phase IV is the combining of information cum
discussion
about experiences, including developmental sequences and stages discovered
in phase II.
Phase IV is the phase which leads directly into teaching situation.

Phase V- Evaluation of the curriculum

The initial phase in the curriculum process is the coming to conclusion about
the success r failure, of the educational enterprise by means of some
measurement or assessment of change in behaviour.
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10 2 min Enumerate the PPT

steps in Which ar the
curriculum Steps in curriculum development Lecture steps in
development According to Ralph Tyler, there are 4 main steps cum curriculum
discussion development
1) Formulation of educational objective
2) Selection of learning experiences
3) Effective and efficient organization of learning experience
4) Evaluation of learning experience

1) Formulation of educational objective:

It defines the purpose of teaching and learning in a broad sense.

Importance to use educational objectives

 To develop mental skill for application in changing situations
 To determine curriculum levels
 To define scope of teaching
 To assess the learners and nurse educators performances.
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11 2 min Describe the Levels of educational objectives PPT Explain the

different types objectives
of objectives Lecture
Institutional objective cum
discussion
Institutions such as universities, colleges, professional institutions, schools
and other inclusive objectives.
General instructional Objectives
General instructional objectives are the intended outcome of the instructions
that have been stated in general terms to encompass a set of specific learning
outcome Grounlund and Linn 1990
Specific Outcomes of Learning
Specific Outcomes of Learning are specific objectives stated in precise terms.
It reflect the changes that have taken place in the individuals knowledge, skill
and attitudes as a result of the learning process.
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12 3 min Enlist the PPT What are the

characteristics characteristics
and qualities of The characteristics of Specific Outcomes Of Learning Lecture and qualities
specific Characteristics are cum
outcomes of discussion
learning Relevant
Logical
Explicit
Feasible
Observable
Measurable
Qualities of a Good SOL A
Good SOL should;
a. Reflect the learner's performance
b. Be written with active verbs which reflect measurable change such as
demonstrates, recalls, analyses etc.
c. Show and results
d. Have one outcome in one SOL
e. Have one uniform meaning
f. Be realistic in terms of time available for teaching
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13 3 min PPT

Lecture
2.Selection of Learning Experiences cum
discussion
Learning experience is defined as deliberately planned experience in selected
situations where students actively participate, interact and which result in
desirable changes of behaviour in the students. In nursing education, selection
of learning experience is concerned with the decision about the content of
subject matter and clinical, community and laboratory practice.
 where the students are expected to practice after being qualified.
 Selection should be in a manner that there is an effective integration
between theory and practice
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14 PPT
 where the students are expected to practice after being qualified. Lecture
 Selection should be in a manner that there is an effective integration cum
discussion
between theory and practice
 Learning experiences should be planned and organized in such a way
that the student gets meaning out of each experiences and focus on the
future needs.
 Learning is enhanced by utilizing a wide variety of teaching-learning
methods. Learning experiences
 should consider the students ability to undergo the desired changes in
behaviour.
 Learning experiences selected should be according to the needs of the
students and every student should be given similar learning
experiences.
 Learning experiences selected should provide same or equal chances
for all students.
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15 3 min 3. Organization of learning experience PPT

Once learning experiences are selected, teacher has to organize the learning Lecture
experiences. cum
discussion

Preparation of master plan for curriculum

This will guide teachers in the placement of subject matter and clinical
experience. The master plan also spells out the hours of plan instruction and
required hours of clinical experience of per week or per month of year; it
explains the following:
 Total duration of programme
 Explanation of different course of study ( theory and practical )
 Total allotted hours in terms of theory and practical

Organization of Clinical Experience

Organization of clinical experience in the curriculum is done on the basis of
the syllabus and regulations laid down by the statutory bodies like Indian
nursing council and universities. Organization of clinical experience is the
responsibility of the faculty. Clinical experience related to each course should
be planned according t
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16 2min the objectives so that students Will get enough opportunities for developing PPT
the desired nursing skills and attitude. Lecture
cum
discussion
4)Evaluation of Curriculum
Evaluation of nursing curriculum has become a major concern of nurse
educators in recent years. Curriculum evaluation involves an assessment of the
philosophy of the institutions, programme goals of the institution, nursing
concept taught in each course, course objective ,teaching- learning methods,
course evaluation methods and relationship of non-nursing courses to the
whole plan of the study.
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17 2 min Models of Curriculum PPT Explain the

Discuss the behavioural
behavioural
Models of curriculum help to understand the nature of curriculum. Some of Lecture model
model the useful curriculum models are discussed below in a very brief manner. cum
discussion
1) The behavioural Objective (produce) Model:
This model was developed by Ralph Tyler (1950). He was one of the most
influential of the early curriculum theorists and has arguably developed a
considerable and lasting influence on present day thinking about the nature
and function of the curriculum. His theories reflect very much the need to
organize and the utility of purpose and concern for an end product of quality
and practical application. He views curriculum objectively and in terms of its
function and clearly includes teaching and learning as integral parts of it.
He identifies four fundamental questions to be answered in the process of
developing a curriculum.
a. What educational purposes should the school seek to attain, i.e.
objectives.
b. How can learning experiences be selected that are likely to be useful in
attaining these objectives
c. How can learn experiences are organized for effective instruction?
d. How can the effectiveness of learning experience be evaluated?
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18 2 min Discuss the PPT
model What are the
2)Stenhouse’s Process Model Lecture others models
Lawrence (1975) formulated the process model. This is an input model, i.e. cum
discussion
emphasis on learning experience or the process of education. He believed that
it was possible to organize curriculum without having to specify in advance
the expected behavioural change in students. According the content of
curriculum can be selected on the basis that is suitable in itself and not merely
as the means to achieve behavioural objective.

3)Lawton’s Cultural Analysis Model

Lawton‟s model (1983) was a reaction against what he saw as the dangers of
the behavioural objectives models. This model proposes a curriculum planned
on the technique of cultural analysis. Culture is defined as the whole way of
life of society and the purpose of what we regard as the most important
aspects of culture. Cultural analysis is the process by which the selection is
made from the culture and in terms of curriculum planning.
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18 2 min 4)Beattie’s Four Fold Model PPT

Beattie (1937) Suggests that there are four fundamental approaches in relation Lecture
to the task of planning a Curriculum for nursing they are: cum
discussion
1 . The curriculum as a map of key subjects: approach consists of mapping
out the key subjects in curriculum
2. The curriculum as schedule of basic skills: this approach emphasis the
explicit specification of basic skills of nursing practice.
3. The curriculum as a portfolio of meaningful personal experiences: this
approach places the students at the centre of things by organizing the
curriculum around their interests and experiences.
4. The curriculum as an agenda of important cultural issues: this approach
avoids giving detailed subject matter focusing instead on controversial issues
and political dilemmas in nursing and health care
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20 2 min Enumerate the PPT What are the

types of types of
curriculum Types of curriculum Lecture curriculum
Corresponding to the changes in the education system in our country or in cum
discussion
other countries there have been changes in the concepts and form of
curriculum. As new psychological, philosophical and sociological principles
modified the educational process, new types of curricula came into being.
They are:
1. The traditional or subject centered curriculum
2. Child centered curriculum
3. Activity curriculum
4. Experience curriculum
5. Undifferentiated curriculum
6. Basic education curriculum
7. Official curriculum
8. Hidden curriculum
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21 2 min Describe the PPT What is the

frame work of frame work of
curriculum Curriculum Frame Work in lndia Lecture curriculum
cum
discussion
Curriculum is a composite of the entire range of experienced the learner
undergoes under the guidance of the school or college. It is a systematic
arrangement of the sum total of selected experiences planned by a school or
college or a defined group of the students to attain the aims of the particular
programme.
A curriculum directed to the education of the nurses is designed within three
frameworks.
1.The legally established limits for the nursing activities of the nurses within
the individual state or union and union territories
2. The natural roles of nurse in the profession of nursing
3. The types of nursing situations or areas where specifically qualified persons
are able to learn for nursing.
The provisions of the states or union relative to the objectives and education of
nurses vary. but they are based upon the limited roles of nurses in nursing
profession.
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22 1 min PPT
There will be common curricula for one state or country that will be Lecture
requirements which are prescribed by the statutory body in the form of cum
discussion
syllabus. In Indian Nursing Council is the statutory body which prescribes
syllabus for all levels of nursing programs. it may be ANM, GNM, B.Sc,
M.Sc. M.Phil, PhD courses.
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23 Summary PPT
 Introduction of the topic ( curriculum development )
 Definition
 Nature of curriculum development
 Determinants of curriculum development ( philosophy, sociology and
psychology )
 Phases and process of curriculum development
 Phases I,II,III,IV
 Steps in curriculum development
 Models of curriculum development
 Types of curriculum development
 Framework of curriculum development

Conclusion
Curriculum development is the base of education which includes teaching as
well as learning. This provides vast scope to develop pupil, teacher and
institution to grow more. This is an ongoing process having philosophy,
sociology and psychological determinants.
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24
Bibliography:

1) BT Basvanthappa,textbook of Nursing Education, 1st edition, JAYPEE

Publications, page no-119-130
2) R.Sudhe, textbook of Education Nursing, 1st edition, JAYPEE
publications, Page no-330
3) B.Sindhu, Textbook of learning teaching nursing, 4th edition, JAYPEE
publications, Page no-16
4) Nima bhaskar, textbook of nursing education, EMMESSES
publications, page no-333
5) Internet
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