Unit 7 Surface Tension Viscosity Fluids Elasticity General Physics Solution

1.
Answer: (0002)
Solution:
T1  T2  2 T3  Mg . (i)
T1l / 2  2 T3 l / 2  (ii)
l1  l3 l T T
and  2 1 3 2
l 2  l 3 l / 2 T2  T3
4Mg 3Mg 2Mg

 T1  ;T2  and T3 
11 11 11
2. Answer: (a),(b),(c)
Solution:
3. Answer: (b)
Solution:
4.Answer: (b)
Solution:
5. Answer: (a),(b)
Solution:
The stress is max at the uppermost point and is equal to the weight of the rod divided by the area. At the highest
AL  g
point stress = breaking stress =   weight of rod/area of cross section of the rod   L g
A

L .
g
The stress decreases linearly to zero at the lowest end.
6. Answer:(d)
Solution:
Area of cross section of the two wires can be different.
7. Answer:(d)
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Solution:
Conceptual
8. Answer: (a)
Solution:
As long as cylinder is completely inside, B is constant in magnitude, then its value decreases linearly with
displacement and finally becomes zero.
9. Answer: (0002)
Solution:
10. Answer: (b)

Solution:
g h 1 2 1 2gh
p0   v  p 0  0  v12 v1 
3 2 2 3
3gh 1 1
p0   gh  v 2  p 0  0   3v 22
3 2 2
4gh
v2 
3
11. Answer: (b)

Solution:
T cos   vg  vg and va  T sin   va
a g 
 tan     1 ( here a  g)   
g g 4
12. Answer: (0002)

Solution:
Using Bernoullis theorem
Address:
1 2 v2
v  P  gh or h  ... 1
2 2gh
Put : V  r  r(2v) in (1)
13. Answer: (a)

Solution:
14. Answer: (0008)

Solution:
R cavity Rc
  K  R c  RK
R sphere R
4 3 4 3
R w  g  R 1  K 3   w  S.g
3 3
15. Answer: (b)

Solution:
3 3a
PA  PB  a h
2 2 g
16. Answer: (b),(c)

Solution:
17. Answer: (a)

Solution:
For free surface tan   a / g or a  g tan   10 / 2  5
Address:
18. Answer: (a)
Solution:
(a) Applying Bernoulli's equation between A and B
Pa  sg v 2 Pa  sg  hg
   v 2  2gh
 2 
(b) Applying Bernoulli's equation between A and B
Pa  sg  hg v12 Pa  sg v 22

    v 22  v12  2gh
 2  2
2gh
Also from continuity eq. v 2  2v1  v1 2 
3
(c) Applying Bernoulli's equation between A and B
Pa P v2
 gh  a   v 2  2g h
  2
(d) For accelerating liquids we have tan   a / g
h a
or   a  4gh
0.25 g
2 r 2
(e) h 
2 g
 v 2  2 r 2  2gh
19. Answer: (0010)

Solution:
F.B.D. of water Net force  0
 
 F  (AH  V)g  100  10 4  0.2  10 3 10 3  10  10 N
Address:
 A  100 cm , H  20 cm, V  10
2 3
m 3 
20. Answer:(d)
Solution:
a h
tan   
g L
hL2
HL2 
2
h  2H
hg
a
L
21. Answer:(a, b)
Solution:
H 2 will decrease because water formed by ice will merge with water. H1 will increase
22. Answer: (a, c, d)

Solution:
Use relation P  hg at E and D.
PA  PB  L sin 30  g  PB  sin 30  g  L  60 cm
Clearly, L is independent of h.
23. Answer:(d)
Solution:
Statement I is true only for points which are at the same height and hence is not always true
24. Answer:(a)
Solution:
conceptual
25. Answer:(d)
Solution:
Conceptual
26. Answer:(0005)
Address:
Solution:
2y 4H
R  2 g( H  y )  y
g 5
2 gH
 Rate of addition  Av  a
5
27 Answer:(0005)
Solution:
Considering vertical equilibrium of cylinder
Weight of cylinder = Upthrust due to upper liquid + upthrust due to lower liquid
 (A / 5)(L)D  g  (A / 5)(3L / 4)(d)g  (A / 5)(L / 4)(2d)( g)

3 1
 D    d    (2d)
4 4
5
D d
4
28. Answer:(0001)
Solution:
When mass is on the cube on wood
200g  l 3dg  l 3g
d  density of wood
  density of water
 l3 d  l3  200... 1 
When the mass is removed,
l3 d  (l  2)l2 ...(2)
From (1) & (2)
l3  200  (l  2)l2 
  1  l  10 cm
29. Answer:(0002)
Solution:
V12  V22 35  20
  V2  1 m / s
2 g 100
dm
 0.2 kg / s
dt
V22  V32 37.5  35 1
  V3 
2 g 100 2
30. Answer:(0004)
Address:
Solution:
tan   a 0 / g  tan   2 / 10  tan   0.2

tan   y / 0.2
 y  0.4 m
 volume of shaded region
 V  (1/ 2)  0.4  2  1  0.4 m 3
mass  V  d  0.4 1000  400 kg
x4
31. Answer: (d)

Solution:
32. Answer: (d)

Solution:
33. Answer: (b),(d)

Solution:
34. Answer: (a),(c)

Solution:
35. Answer: (c)

Solution:
36. Answer: (0004)

Solution:
 d 
2 F    2TRd
 2 
l Tl 5
 F  2TR  2 T    40  2  20dyne
2  
Address:
37. Answer:(0006)
Solution:
2T
R
gh
38. Answer: (b)

Solution 1:
maximum permissible error is least count.
39. Answer: (a)

Solution 2:
Use the concept of capacitor.
40. Answer: (a)

Solution 3:
1.5
Pitch   0.3 mm
5
0.3
Least count   0.006 mm
50
41. Answer: (b)

Solution 4:
Reading = main scale reading + vernier scale reading = 5.0 + 0.08 = 5.08 cm.
42. Answer:(0)
Solution 7:
  LT  ML T 
x y z
L  M 1L3T 2 1 2 1
M 0 L1T 0  M x z L3x  y 2z T 2x  y z

 x  z  0; 2x  y  z  0  (3x  y)  0
Address:
Part 2
43. Answer: (c)
Solution:
Imagine a sheet which is 1.27 cm thick. Now, if we punch a hole of 1.46 cm diameter , then a solid cylindrical
body of length 1.27 cm and diameter 1.46 cm is going to come out. Let the force required is F. Hence, while
punching when the cylinder is just about to come out, this force F will create a shear stress over the curved
surface area of the cylinder. Now using the formula of shear stress we can write,
F  2rt  345  106
44. Answer: (c, d)

Solution:
Solution:
For option a), consider the part of the cube as shown in figure. The forces acting on the part of the vertical face
of this cube is Fy/a. This is because the force is uniformly distributed. Also since there should not be any
motion, hence the force on the dotted surface should be equal to F towards right. This force should be uniformly
distributed on this surface otherwise the force parts will not be zero. So option a is correct. For Option b) The
same logic will hold good for option b. For option C) There will not be any shear stress on the surface inside the
cube parallel to x-y plane. This is because there was no force acting parallel to x-y plane. Hence this statement
is wrong
d) it is obviously wrong
45. Answer:(a)
Solution:
Assume a thick cylindrical shell whose inner surface has a radius r1 and outer surface has radius r2. The upper
surface of the cylindrical shell is rigidly fixed to the ceiling as shown. Now the bottom surface is twisted
slightly by an angle , about its vertical axis. Hence there will be a restoring torque developed in the cylinder due
to the shear forces. Let's do a detailed analysis.
Consider a thin cylindrical shell of radius r and thickness dr as shown in right figure. As the cylinder is twisted
by an angle , the bottom surface of the shell will also rotate by the same angle.
Consider a vertical line(PQ) on the surface of this shell. After twisting, point Q will reach at Q” .
Address:
r  L
L
Shearing strain 
L

dF
Shearing stress 
2rdr
Here dF is the net force generated on the bottom surface

dF
 G G  Shear modulus
2rdr
dF  G2rdr
d  G2r 2dr
G2r 3
d  dr
L
2G r2 3
L r1
 r dr
G 4

2L

r2  r14 
Now let the Solid cylinder has outer radius r2  R and r1  0
 mass and material is same.
Hence volume is equal
 
  r22  r12 L  R 2 L
 r22  r12  R 2
Now, torque per unit twist for a Hollow cylinder
 G 4 4

 2L

r2  r1 
Torque per unit twist of a solid cylinders
 G 4
 R
 2L
Address:
If we take the ration of these values, then
Ratio 
r 4
2 
 r14 G / 2L
4
R G / 2L
2 2
r r
2 1

R2
which obviously is greater than l Hence twisting the hollow cylinder is more difficult.
46. Answer: (4)

Solution:
Consider the (L-x) length of the rod
This part experiences a force of T towards left end at the shown instant.
Now using
Fext  Ma com com for this rod part
M Lx
T (L  x)2  
L  2 
M 2 2
T
2L

L  x2 
Now Consider dx length of the same rod
Let the elongation in this dx length is dl

Hence
T dl
y
A dx
T
 dl   AYdx
M2
 dl   2LAY L  x dx
2 2
 
Now integrate from 0 to L / 2 to find elongation in first half.
Then integrate from 0 to L to find elongation in total rod and deduct the elongation of first half to find the
elongation in second half. Hence the ratio can be calculated.
47. Answer:(0002)
Solution:
Address:
P2
Energy density 
2 B
Volume of a layer of water of thickness = Ady
dy at a depth y is
P2
Energy stored in this layer  dU  Ady
2B
2 g 2 A 2
dU  y dy
2B
Total strain energy stored in the water of vessel
2 g 2 A h 2
2B 0
U y dy
2 g 2 Ah 3
U  1.8  10 6 Joule
6B
U  2  9  10 7 Joule
P2
48. Answer: (b)

Solution:
In this question we are going to use two facts.
1: If we cross a spherical surface from concave side to convex side then pressure decreases by the value 2T/R
due to the effects of the surface tension.
2: In a horizontal rotating tube the pressure difference between two points, one of which lies on the axis of
rotation, is given by the result proved below. Here P0 is the pressure at the axis of rotation and Px is the pressure
at distance x from the axis. Writing force equation on the column of liquid between these two points
x
Px A  P0 A  xA 2
2
 x 2 2
Px  P0 
2
Now starting form top of left limb we can write the pressure equation to reach at the top of the right limp.
2
 3L 
2 2    2
2T (L / 4)  4 2T
P0   h1g      h 2 g   P0
2R 2 2 R
Address:
Solving we get
 2 2 R  4 T
h 2  h1  .
4Rg
49. Answer: (a),(d)

Solution:
m
m  V  A1  A 2  A1 A 2  H H 
 A1  A 2  A1 A 2 
 
A 2  H  p1  1gH1
P2  2 gH 2  P1  P2
F  mg  FB  mg  PA1 F1  mg  A1P1
F2  mg  A1P2
Alternate method:
 m is same but p1  p 2
 V1  V2
 H1  H 2
 A1  A 2
Now let us say both the containers were empty initially. Lets add equal masses dm of respective liquids in the
respective containers. If we repeat this process large number of times then we are finally going to get mass M of
respective liquids in both the containers.
Let us go to time t. At this instant mass m of liquids is same in both the containers.
Hence the surface area a1  a 2 .
Now lets add dm mass again. Hence
Address:
dm  a 11dh1  a 2 2dh 2
Where dh1 and dh 2 are heights risen in respective containers.
This means 1dh1  2 dh 2
Hence 1H1  2 H 2 .
Hence P1  P2
Now writing the vertical equilibrium equation on the liquid we can find see that F2  F1
50. Answer: (b)

Solution:
M
r 2 H 0  R 2 H1 

Here,
r  1 cm
R  4 cm
P  1000
m  0.7 kg
Now by equilibrium of piston, we get
 P0  0    2
 2
   0   2
 2
 g
Solving these two equations we can get H1
51. Answer: (b)

Solution:
Let Say liquid comes out speed v 2

v 2  2gh1 [By Torricelli’s theorem]
Now applying Bernoulli's equation at point A and Q
Address:
Now applying Bernoulli’s equation at pout A and Q
1
P0  PQ  v 22  h 2 g
2
 for h 2 to be maximum
PQ  0 and v 2  0  h1  0
Hence.
P0  h 2 g
P0 105
 h2    10
g 10000
52. Answer: (c)

Solution:
1
P0  PQ  V22  h 2 g
2
P0  105
h2  5
for V2 to be maxumim PQ  0
1
 P0    V22  5  1000  10
2
100000
 V22 
1000
 V2  10 m / s
53. Answer: (0001)

Solution:
The horizontal force acting on the trolley system and the plate A  kx  1000  0.1  100 N
The impulse imparted by this force in 3sec  300 N  s
The change in momentum of the system  300 N  s
If the final speed of the trolley is v, we have 300v  300
v  1 m / s
54. Answer: (0008)

Solution:
dV V 16v0 dV 2 2 g
dt
 a 2gh  a 2 g
A
 
25v0
V
  a
0 A
dt
Address:
2g
2  25V0  16V0  a  A
 2 (i)
0 dV 2g
Also   a t
16V0
V A
16V0
t  2  8 min.
 25V0  16V0 
55. Answer:(a)
Solution:
A  Cross section Area
3L
ALd 2  ALd1  Ad
2
3d
 d 2  d1 
2
 d1  d 2
3d 3d
 d1  & d2 
4 4
Also for vertical floating COM should lie below COB
L 3L
LAd1  LAd 2
 2 2  3L
LAd1  LAd 2 4
Solving we get
d1  3d 2
3d
But d1  d 2 
2
d1 3d
 d1  
3 2
4d1 3d
 
3 2
9d
 d1 
8
9d
Hence d1 must be greater than
8
56. Answer:(a, b, c)
Solution:
At equilibrium,
Fnet  V  P0  a h  g  0
Hence h  p 0 / a is the equilibrium depth.
Force at distance x further below the equilibrium = Vaxg in the upward direction.
Address:
Hence motion is SHM
Now the amplitude of SHM = distance between rest position and equilibrium position.
Hence Amplitude  P0 / a
Hence ball will sink to the maximum depth of 2P0 / a
57. Answer:(d)
Solution:
By work energy theorem on rod
Wgravity  WBuoyancy  Change in KE of rod
Wgravity  MgL / 2
WBuoyancy   change
in PE of water displaced  (M / 4)gL / 4
Here we have taken M/4 as the mass of the water since displaced water has half the density of rod and half the
volume also. Also, center of mass of displaced water rises by L / 4. .
Putting these values in the above equation we can get the value of speed of the rod.
58. Answer:(c)
Solution:
a) Liquid A is not applying any force on the curved surface as the net force on the curved surface will cancel out.
On the top flat surface, the liquid A is applying the net force equal to hgR 2 .
b) Liquid B is not applying any force on the curved surface as the net force on the curved surface will cancel out.
On the bottom surface of the cylinder, the liquid B is applying the net force equal to (pressure at bottom surface
of the cylinder xR 2 ). Pressure at bottom surface of the cylinder  2 hg  h2g  4g h
c)Force applied by liquid A on the left half curved surface = Pressure at the middle of the left half curved
surface (in contact with A) x projected area of the left half curved surface ( in contact with A)  1.5 hg  2Rh .
Force applied by liquid B on the left half curved surface = Pressure at the middle of the left half curved surface
(in contact with B) x projected area of the left half curved surface (in contact with B)  3 hg  2Rh .
Hence total force on left half curved surface  9 h 2gR
d) Net force exerted by the liquid A and B will be the net of part a and part b. Hence the ans will be 3hgR 2 .
This will also be the buoyancy force on the cylinder.
 
(a)  F  R 2 gh
(b)  F   R  (2gh  2gh)

2
 3 h   h
(c)  F  (2Rh)g    (2Rh) g(2 h )  2g 
 2  2
 3gRh 2  6gRh 2  9gRh 2
(d)  Weight of the liquid displaced
   
i.e., R 2 h g  R 2 h .2g
59. Answer:(0004)
Solution:
 the rate of fall of liquid is independent
Address:
x 2 v 0  2gya
Here V0  rate at which Surface descends
a= area of hole
2gy  velocity of efflux .
 y  x4
60. Answer:(0003)
Solution:
 M2 
 
l l 3  2
Fb  W   
2 2 2
l l l V  2 2
2Vg  Vg  Vg 
2 2 2 6
2
l
g
3
3g
  3red / s
l
Alternate method:
Since buoyancy force is constant and always double of weight of rod, hence we can say that effective gravity is
g upwards. Hence by energy conservation,
L 1 ML2 2
M  
2 2 3
3g

L
61. Answer: (d)

Solution:
R0
Contact angle in 1st case is (180  ) and cos   In 2 nd case contact Angle should again be (180  )
R1
Address:
h h R
So cos     0
R2 R 2 R1
R2
 h  R0
R1
62. Answer: (a),(b)
Solution:
r R
 sin  
l R  H2
2
Rl
r
R  H2
2
consider a slant ring of radius r which is rotating at  and is in contact with conical shaft. Speed of this ring
 r
r
Hence viscous force on rotating shaft dFv  2rdl
t
Torque of this force about the vertical axis
d  dFv r
2r 3
d  dl
t
R 2  H2 3
2  Rl 
  
t  R 2  H 2
 dl
0 
Solving this we get 
Now power  .
63. Answer: (c)

Solution:
Let us look at the right most vertical face of cube in 3-D
Address:
A B is the line at which liquid touches the cube
The force due to surface tension is vertically down =T L
Net total force of surface on all 4 vertical faces =4 T L
Now balancing the force on cube
4TL  mg  L2dg
Where d= our ans
64. Answer: (a),(b),(c),(d)

Solution:
Forces acting on sphere
 FV has a horizontal component of 6 N, Hence only direction in which external force can act is right horizontal
to cancel the horizontal component of FV
Now in vertical direction
FB  FV cos 37   10
 FB  2
Hence a, b, c, d are all correct.
65. Answer: (a)

Solution: The force due to surface tension acts perpendicular to the line on which we are writing the force and
in the plane of the surface applying the force. Hence if we consider a dl segment of length on the circumference
of the circle, then right of this surface will pull this segment towards right with the force of Tdl. On the whole
circle the total addition of all such forces will become 2RT.
66. Answer:(b)
Address:
Solution:
Consider the forces in Horizontal on the risen liquid.

TL  force due to surface Tension on the line EF towards right
P0 LH  force due to atmosphere towards left
 hg 
 P0   Lh  Force due to surface ABCD of aquarium towards right. To write this we have used average
 2 
pressure on the surface ABCD
Now PA  PB  P0 since it is at same horizontal level.
PD  PA  hg
hg
So average  P0 
2
Remember that pressure inside D will not be P0
 to reach inside D from outside, we will have to cross a curved surface and the radius of curvature is unknown
yet.
Now
 hg 
TL   P0   hL  P0 Lh
 2 
2T
h
g
67. Answer:(b)
Solution:
If we consider the equilibrium of d l length of the wire of radius b, then net outward force of surface tension
will balance the inwards component of the internal tension. Hence
d
2  T1  T2  dl  2T sin
2
d
 
2T  T1  T2  dl  2T  
 2 
T  2  T1  T2  b
Note that we have multiplied by 2 in LHS since there are two free surfaces.
Address:
68. Answer:(a)
Solution:
Let the radius of capillary be R

2T
h
Rg
point A and B are at same horizontal level PA  PB  PO
Hence pressure inside the bubble at the end of right capillary  P0  Hg
2T
Also if the radius of the bubble is r, then P0  Hg  P0 
r
2T
 Hg 
r
Hence if H will change then r will change.
.
69. Answer: (c)
Solution :
B
R  air  10.0  0.1

V B g
  water  5.0  0.1
V  g
air
R 
air  water
Now ln R  ln( air )  ln( air  water )

dR d air d(air  water )
 
R air (air  water )
dR dair dair dwater
   
R air air   water air  water
dR dar dair 0.1
   
R 10 5 5
dR
for maximum we should take dair as negative. So,
R
Address:
dR 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3
   
R 10 5 5 10
 3%
70. Answer: (a, d)

Solution:
R 1  3.0  0.1
R 2  6.0  0.2
max Resistance is
R eq  R 1  R 2
 9.0  0.3
for min. Resistance,

1 1 1
 
R eq R 1 R 2
dR dR 1 dR 2
 2  2
R2 R1 R2
dR 0.1 0.2 0.6 1
    
4 9 36 36 60
1
 dR   0.066  0.1 (after rounding off )
15
So, R min  2  0.1
71. Answer: (b)

Solution :
Lets understand this with the help of an example. Let's drop a ball from a tower and measure the time of fall
with a clock whose least count is 1 second. We assume that the clock ticks only when the second is complete
and the time of ticking is negligible. We also assume that the experiment was done flawlessly and whatever
error was introduced in measurement was just due to the least count of the clock. Suppose the ball takes exactly
12 seconds to reach the ground, then the clock will show 12 seconds itself as we assume that the experiment
was done flawlessly. For any value of time of fall T such that 12  T  13 , clock will keep on showing 12 seconds.
The moment T becomes 13, the clock will show 13 seconds. Hence error E can be anything between
0  E  1 second.
Address:

Unit 7 Surface Tension Viscosity Fluids Elasticity General Physics Solution

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Unit 7 Surface Tension Viscosity Fluids Elasticity General Physics Solution

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1.

4Mg 3Mg 2Mg

10. Answer: (b)

11. Answer: (b)

12. Answer: (0002)

13. Answer: (a)

14. Answer: (0008)

15. Answer: (b)

16. Answer: (b),(c)

17. Answer: (a)

(b) Applying Bernoulli's equation between A and B

Pa  sg  hg v12 Pa  sg v 22

19. Answer: (0010)

22. Answer: (a, c, d)

 (A / 5)(L)D  g  (A / 5)(3L / 4)(d)g  (A / 5)(L / 4)(2d)( g)

tan   a 0 / g  tan   2 / 10  tan   0.2

31. Answer: (d)

32. Answer: (d)

33. Answer: (b),(d)

34. Answer: (a),(c)

35. Answer: (c)

36. Answer: (0004)

38. Answer: (b)

39. Answer: (a)

40. Answer: (a)

41. Answer: (b)

M 0 L1T 0  M x z L3x  y 2z T 2x  y z

44. Answer: (c, d)

Here dF is the net force generated on the bottom surface

46. Answer: (4)

Consider the (L-x) length of the rod

Let the elongation in this dx length is dl

48. Answer: (b)

49. Answer: (a),(d)

50. Answer: (b)

Solving these two equations we can get H1

51. Answer: (b)

Let Say liquid comes out speed v 2

52. Answer: (c)

53. Answer: (0001)

54. Answer: (0008)

(b)  F   R  (2gh  2gh)

61. Answer: (d)

63. Answer: (c)

64. Answer: (a),(b),(c),(d)

65. Answer: (a)

Consider the forces in Horizontal on the risen liquid.

Let the radius of capillary be R

Now ln R  ln( air )  ln( air  water )

70. Answer: (a, d)

for min. Resistance,

71. Answer: (b)

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