K J Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77

(Somaiya Vidyavihar University)

Name: Esha Khot

Title - Coplanar
concurrent force system
CO1 Construct free body diagram and calculate the reactions for static equilibrium

Objective
To explain the concept of equilibrium of a coplanar concurrent force system.

Theory
Resultant of a force system is a force or a couple that will have the same effect to the body, both
in translation and rotation, if all the forces are removed and replaced by the resultant.

Resultant of Coplanar Concurrent Force System

The lines of action of each force in coplanar concurrent force system are on the same plane. All
of these forces meet at a common point, thus concurrent. In x-y plane, the resultant can be found
by the following formulas:

AIM:
To verify the condition of equilibrium of a coplanar concurrent system of forces and to find the
error if any.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

July-Dec-2021
 K J Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Somaiya Vidyavihar University)

APPARATUS:
Polygon of force apparatus, weights, drawing sheet, drawing pins, pencil and mirror piece.

Setup Diagram:

PROCEDURE:
1. Fix a drawing sheet on the board.
2. Make a knot of five strings and pass the end of four of the five strings over the
pulleys mounted on the board.
3. Load them with known weights.
4. To the other end of the fifth string tie a pan and add some known weight to it till the
system attains equilibrium at a convenient position.
5. With the help of a mirror piece, avoiding parallax error, note the directions of all the
five forces and their magnitudes.
6. Remove the drawing sheet.
7. Draw two orthogonal axes X and Y at the point of concurrency.
8. Resolve all the forces along the X and Y axes.
9. Find the sum of the forces in x and Y directions i.e. ∑ F x and ∑ Fy.
10. The difference from zero if any will be the error in X and y directions.
11. Repeat the procedure by changing the values of the loads.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

July-Dec-2021
 K J Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Somaiya Vidyavihar University)

12. A force polygon is to be drawn with the five forces (to scale) and this should be a
closed polygon. (i.e., first point and the last point should coincide). It will be found
that in the experiment done; these two points (starting and finishing point of the force
vectors added tip to tail) do not coincide.
13. The distance between the points in X and Y directions multiplied by the force scale
taken will give the error in the X and Y directions graphically.
OBSERVATION TABLE:

Set Force F Magnitude Angle Fx (N) Fy (N)

No. with
(N) (N) (-,+) (-,+)
X-axis
(θ)

1 F1 20 43 14.62 -13.62

2 F2 10 42 7.43 6.69

3 F3 13.41 90 0 -13.41

4 F4 10 43 -7.31 -6.82

5 F5 20 48 -13.8 14.86

CALCULATION:

Department of Mechanical Engineering

July-Dec-2021
K J Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Somaiya Vidyavihar University)

Department of Mechanical Engineering

July-Dec-2021
K J Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Somaiya Vidyavihar University)

Department of Mechanical Engineering

July-Dec-2021
 K J Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Somaiya Vidyavihar University)

Free Body Diagram Force Polygon

RESULT:
Summation of forces in the X direction = 1.36N(-->)

Summation of forces in the Y direction = -12.4 or 12.4N(down)

From Graph:

Error in the X direction = 0.8m

Error in the Y direction = 0.6m

Signature of faculty in-charge

Department of Mechanical Engineering

July-Dec-2021