LISTENING

You will a lecture on the importance of laughter. For questions 1-10, complete the notes below. Write NO
MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

LAUGHTER
The nature of laughter
 Laughter is a (1) physical process- involves movement and sound.
 It is controlled by our (2) instincts
Reasons for laughter
 Only 10 % of laughter is caused by jokes/ funny stories.
 May have begun as sign of (3) relief after a dangerous situation
 Nowadays, may help to develop (4) bonds within a group
 Connected to (5) power (e.g. use of humor by politicians or bosses)
 May be related to male/ female differences (e.g. women laugh more at male speakers)
 May be used in a (6) negative way to keep someone out of a group
Benefits of laughter
 Safe method for the (7) release of emotions such as anger and sadness
 Provides good aerobic exercise
 Leads to drop in levels of stress- related (8) problems
 Improves the (9) immune system
 Can stop (10) having bad dreams and improve sleep

VOCABULARY - GRAMMAR
I. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in
each of the following questions.
1. Tommy wanted to take me out for dinner, but he lost his wallet and only had $10, so we decided to go
Dutch.
A. go home to cook B. do some window shopping
C. share the cost of the meal D. go without eating anything
2. Students will find all academic assignments via the class blog their teachers create to post assignments.
A. by means of B. in terms of C. by the way D. in search of

II. Give the correct form of the words in brackets to complete the passage.
In many parts of the world, water, or rather the lack of it, has always been a serious problem. But the
process of (1. DESERT) ______________ means that water supplies are becoming even scarcer. According
to the (2. FIND) ____________ of a report published in 2010, 900 million people around the world do not
have access to safe drinking water. This (3. VARY) ____________ has an impact on health, schooling and
local economies.
One of the answers to this problem is the simple hand pump. In some areas, rainwater drains down
through porous rocks and collects (4. GROUND) ____________ underground. With a simple hand pump,
villagers can extract this clean groundwater. However, these mechanical devices tend to wear out due to
constant use. It has been (5. ACCURACY) ___________ estimated that at any one time 30 to 40 percent of
them are out of order.
Researchers at Oxford University have invented a cheap data transmitter which can be used to help resolve
this problem. Using a very simple (6. APPLY) ____________, similar to those used in regular mobile
phones, the transmitter monitors movement in the pump handle and is able to make (7. CALCULATE)
____________ about the amount of water pumped and to send an automatic text message if the pump breaks
down.
The new device will be piloted in an area of Kenya which commonly experiences long periods of (8.
DRY) ___________.

III. Think of one word which can be used appropriately in all three sentences.
1. ________
- The bay has become a popular _______ for young international travellers.
- Whenever I asked him, he answered the question on the _______.
- The weather forecast was _______ on - it rained all day!
2. ________
- When she asked me about my project, I decided to play it _______ and act like I had actually forgotten all
about it.
- To make this kind of cake, you need to melt the chocolate and allow it to ________ slightly.
- When you are in a difficult situation, it is necessary to keep your _________.
3. ________
- Although they live in different countries, there is a strong _______ between her and her daughters.
- Henry and Melisa is going to _______ the knot next Sunday! It's so surprising.
- The evidence does not ________ in with what he has said.
4. ________
- The company has managed to stay in the _________ for the year ending December 31.
- He's not very friendly, but he's not as _________ as he's painted.
- In a storm, a power failure may ________ out the whole city.
5. ________
- I think there are several important issues on the _______ in the next meeting.
- The water ________ is the surface where the water pressure head is equal to the atmospheric pressure. 
- They voted to __________ the proposal until the following meeting.

READING
Read the passage carefully and then fill ONE suitable word in each gap.
What's your idea of the dream holiday? Does it involve simply lying on a beautiful beach, soaking (1)
_______ the rays and getting an gorgeous tan to show off to friends and family back home? Or are you
more of the adventurous type of holiday maker? Perhaps your perfect escape necessitates getting away
from it all and doing something that few people can boast about ever having dome. For you, tourist traps
that become more (2) ________ more crowded with every passing season are totally out of the question.
If you are interested in getting (3) ________ the beaten track, have I got a holiday plan for! Why not head
(4) _________ Cappadocia in Turkey? By (5) _________ the most picturesque part of this amazing country
- in my humble opinion anyway - Cappadocia, the land of the fairy chimneys, is (6) ________ bit as
wonderful, if not more so, than well-known and oft-frequented places such as Istanbul, Bodrum or
Adiyaman.
In Cappadocia, you can enjoy exploring the vast network of subterranean tunnels beneath the city's rock
formations or perhaps you would prefer to go for a (7) _______ in a hot-air balloon. Accommodation can be
found in the magical cave dwellings and fairy-chimney chapels which have been converted into boutique
hotels. A note of warning, however: word of this amazing holiday destination has got out and the numbers of
visitors has picked up over the past ten years or so. To be (8) _________ the safe side, book your holiday
early so as to avoid being disappointed.

WRITING
I. Finish the second sentence in such a way that is similar to the original one.
1. Redundancy has caused a lot of domestic problems.
Many a rebundace
2. Since she couldn’t get through to the police, she ran next door for help.
Not ..................................................................................................................................................
3. The inhabitants were far worse-off twenty years ago than they are now.
The inhabitants are nowhere …………….....................…………………………………………
4. It was not until five years had pased that the whole truth came out.
Not for …………………………………………………………………….............................……
5. No one stands a chance of beating Mansell in this year’s championship.
It’s a foregone ..................................................................................................................................

II. Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning using the words in the brackets.
Do not change the words given.
1. “I think the whole idea is ridiculous.”, he said. (being)
He dismissed _______
2. The news of the merger came as a complete surprise to the workers. (aback)
The workers _____________________________________________________.
3. Miss Hayes will explain the day-to-day running of the office to you. (acquaint)
Miss Hayes____________________________________________________.
4. The critics undervalued his new book. (opinion)
The critics had a _____________________________________________________.
5. It is certain that he will compensate you for the damage he has done. (make)
It is certain that ______________________________________________________.