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Ch.4 Redemption of Debentures
Ch.4 Redemption of Debentures
CHAPTER – 4
REDEMPTION OF DEBENTURES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Meaning of Debentures 2. Distinction between Shareholder & Deb’holder
3. Type of Debentures 4. Accounting of Debentures – An Overview
5. Accounting of Issue of Debentures 6. Debenture Redemption Reserve
7. Interest on Debentures 8. Investment in ‘Own Debentures’
9. Practical Problems
1. MEANING OF DEBENTURES
The word debentures is derived from the latin word “Debere” which means ‘To owe a Debt’. It is an
acknowledgement of an amount lent to the company on which the company is obliged to pay a fixed amount of
return. Section 2(30) of the Companies Act 2013 defines Debentures as, “debenture’ includes debenture
stock, bonds and any other securities of a company, whether constituting a charge on the assets of the
company or not”.
A debenture can be defined as a bond issued by the company under it’s common seal, accepting the debt and
containing the provisions as regards repayment of principle and interest.
CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF COMPANY
POINT OF
SHAREHOLDER DEBENTUREHOLDER
DIFFERENCE
Each shareholder is the proportionate owner Relation with The Debentureholder is merely a creditor of
of the company. Co. the company.
Return on shares is known as Dividend. Return Return on Debentures is known as Interest.
The debentureholders don’t have any voting
The shareholders enjoy the voting rights Voting Rights
rights
The shareholder don’t get a fixed amount of The debentureholders do get a fixed
Fixed Return
dividend. percentage of interest
In case of liquidation of company they are Priority of In case of liquidation they are paid the
paid last Repayment amount in priority to the shareholders
4. 1
Usually the shareholder’s capital is lifelong The debentures are usually redeemed after
Life
capital for the company expiry of the stipulated time
3. TYPES OF DEBENTURES
ACCOUNTING OF DEBENTURES
Accounting of Accounting of
‘ISSUE OF DEBENTURES’ ‘REDEMPTION OF DEBENTURES’
Lumpsum Redemption
Redemption in Installments
Purchase of Own-Debentures on Open Market
Section-71
Debenture Redemption
4. 2
Reserve (DRR)
NOTE: Accounting of Issue of Debentures is covered extensively at CA-Foundation Level. But, still
following entries are given for Revision purpose. Since, a question may comprise of transaction on issue of
debentures and a student is supposed to pass those entries as well.
The following are the detailed entries in each of the following cases:
1. ISSUE OF DEBENTURES FOR CASH (FOR RAISING FINANCE):
SR.
TRANSACTION DETAILS ACCOUNTING ENTRY
NO.
1. Application money received - Bank A/c. ……... Dr.
To Debenture Application A/c.
2. Allotment of Debentures at par Debenture Application A/c. ……... Dr.
Debenture Allotment A/c. ……... Dr.
To Debentures A/c.
at premium Debenture Application A/c. ……... Dr.
Debenture Allotment A/c. ……... Dr.
To Debentures A/c.
To Securities Premium A/c.
at discount Debenture Application A/c. ……... Dr.
Debenture Allotment A/c. ……... Dr.
Discount on issue of Debentures A/c…
Dr.
To Debentures A/c.
3. Refund of excess Debenture Application A/c. ……... Dr.
Application money or To Bank A/c.
Refund due to non
allotment of Debentures
4. Appropriation of excess Debenture Application A/c. ……... Dr.
Application money towards To Debenture Allotment A/c.
Allotment money due or To Debentures Call A/c.
transfer to Calls in Advance
5. Allotment money received Bank A/c. ……... Dr.
To Debenture Allotment A/c.
6. Call money due issue at par, Debenture Call A/c. ……... Dr.
discount or To Debentures A/c.
premium included
in Application Debentures Call A/c. ……... Dr.
money To Debentures A/c.
premium included To Securities Premium A/c.
in Call money
7. Call money received - Bank A/c. ……... Dr.
4. 3
Alternatively, a Suspense Account is debited with the amount of debentures issued as additional security
and the amount credited to the Debentures Account. On the repayment of loan the entries will be reversed.
No interest will be payable on such debentures.
SR.
TRANSACTION ACCOUNTING ENTRY
NO.
1. Contra Entry passed Debentures Suspence A/c. …... Dr. 80,000
To Debentures A/c. 80,000
(Being issue of 800, 9% Debentures of Rs. 100/- each as collateral
security for Bank Overdraft of Rs. 75,000/-).
2. If the entire amount due on debentures is called on Application, the amount is credited to
‘Debenture Application and Allotment Account’.
Section-71
Debenture Redemption Reserve (DRR)
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As per Rule 18 (7) of the Companies (Share Capital and Debentures) Amendment Rules, 2019, the
company shall comply with the requirements with regard to Debenture Redemption Reserve (DRR) and
investment or deposit of sum in respect of debentures maturing during the year ending on the 31st day of
March of next year in accordance with the conditions given below-
(a) The Debenture Redemption Reserve shall be created out of the profits of the company available for
payment of dividend;
(b) The limits with respect to adequacy of DRR and investment or deposits, as the case may be, shall be as under:
ADEQUACY OF DEBENTURE
ISSUING COMPANIES
REDEMPTION RESERVE (DRR)
(i) All India Financial Institutions (AIFIs) regulated by No DRR is required
Reserve Bank of India and Banking Companies for
both public as well as privately placed debentures
(ii) For other Financial Institutions (FIs) within the DRR will be as applicable to NBFCs registered
meaning of clause (72) of section 2 of the Companies with RBI (as per iii below).
Act, 2013
(iii) For LISTED COMPANIES (other than AIFIs and Banking Companies as specified in Sr. No. 1 above):
(a) All listed NBFCs (registered with RBI under section No DRR is required
45-IA of the RBI Act,) and listed HFCs ( Housing
Finance Companies registered with National
Housing Bank) for both public as well as privately
placed debentures
(b) Other listed companies for both public as well as No DRR is required
privately placed debentures.
4. 6
(iv) For UNLISTED COMPANIES (other than AIFIs and Banking Companies as specified in Sr. No. 1 above
7. INTEREST ON DEBENTURE
Interest on debentures at fixed rate is paid after fixed intervals (usually Half yearly).
Accounting Entry: Interest on Debentures A/c. …..Dr.
To Tax Deducted at Source A/c.
To Bank A/c.
If the interest payment date does not coincide with the year ending date, the company has to provide for accrued
interest for the period from last interest payment date till the year ending date. Similarly, provision is also
necessary for interest due but not paid.
Accounting Entry: Interest on Debentures A/c. …..Dr.
To Interest accrued but not due on Debentures A/c.
To Interest accrued and due on Debentures A/c.
‘Interest accrued but not due‘ is shown on the liability side of the Balance Sheet under the head ‘Current
Liabilities’ and ‘Interest accrued and due‘ is also shown under the head ‘Current Liabilities'. In the subsequent
year either the entry is reversed or payment of interest relating to earlier is debited to ‘Interest Accrued A/c'.
Please keep in mind that the company should pay interest on debentures before redemption/cancellation.
The company may purchase its own debentures in the open market if available at below Redemption value. This
however should be in conformity with the Debenture Trust Deed or agreement with the debentureholders. The
debentures thus purchased may be:
i. held as general investment (thereby save interest on Debentures)
ii. cancelled immediately or subsequently (thereby reduce the burden of liability and save interest on
Debentures)
iii. sold in the market (thereby profit can be earned)
iv. held as Sinking Fund Investments
The debentures may be purchased either at cum-interest price or Ex-interest price.
Cum-Interest Price = Ex-Interest Price + Interest
Ex-Interest Price = Cum-Interest Price - Interest
Interest = Cum-Interest Price - Ex-Interest Price
Cum-Interest price is inclusive of interest accrued, while Ex-Interest price is exclusive of interest accrued and
hence additional payment of interest is made by the buyer to the seller.
SR.
4. 7
Notes:
1. Profit on Cancellation of Own Debentures should be transferred to 'Capital Reserve Account'.
3. If own debentures are purchased for immediate cancellation, the entries may be routed through Debenture
Redemption Account instead of Own Debentures Account.
4. On Due date / record date, payment of interest is made only on debentures held by outsiders.
5. If year ending date and record date does not match / coincide, then we account for interest accrued but
not due, w.r.t. Debentures held by outsiders.
6. Interest saved is calculated from date of Purchase of own Debentures / Beginning of the year (as the case
may be) till cancellation of own debentures sales of own Debentures / year end (as the case may be).
7. Effective interest accounted in P&L is calculated w.r.t. Debentures held by outsiders and time period of
holding such debentures.
8. If date of cancellation of own debentures is not given assume it is cancelled immediately.
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4. 8
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9. PRACTICAL PROBLEMS
Q1. Right and Bonus Issue, Red. of Debentures REG. PAGE NO.
The Summary Balance Sheet of BEE Co. Ltd. (unlisted company other than AIFI, Banking company, NBFC
and HFC) on 31st March, 2001 read as under:
Liabilities Rs. Assets Rs.
Share Capital: Freehold property 1,15,000
Authorised: Stock 1,35,000
30,000 Equity Shares of Rs. 10 each 3,00,000 Trade receivables 75,000
Issued and Subscribed: Cash 30,000
20,000 Equity Shares of Rs. 10 each Balance at Bank 2,00,000
fully paid 2,00,000
Profit and Loss Account 1,20,000
12% Debentures 1,20,000
Trade payables 1,15,000 ___________
5,55,500 5,55,000
At the Annual General Meeting it was resolved:
(a) To give existing shareholders the option to purchase one Rs. 10 share at Rs. 15 for every four shares
(held prior to the bonus distribution), this option being taken up by all shareholders.
(b) To issue one bonus share for every four shares held.
(c) To repay the debentures at a premium of 3%.
Give the necessary journal entries and the company’s Balance Sheet after these transactions are completed.
Q5. Purchase of Own Deb. From Open Market for cancellation REG. PAGE NO.
On January 1, Rama Ltd. (listed company) had 500 Debentures of Rs. 100 each outstanding in its books
carrying interest at 6% per annum. In accordance with the regulatory requirements, the directors
acquired debentures from the open market for immediate cancellation as follows:
March 1 Rs. 5,000 at Rs. 98.00 (cum interest)
Aug. 1 Rs. 10,000 at Rs. 100.25 (cum interest)
Dec. 15 Rs. 2,500 at Rs. 98.50 (ex-interest)
Debenture interest is payable half-yearly, on 30th June and 31st Dec. Pass Journal Entries & also show
ledger accounts of Debentures, Debenture interest and profit or loss on cancellation, ignoring income-tax.
4. 10
Q7. Purchase of Own Deb. From Open Market for cancellation REG. PAGE NO.
The following balances appeared in the books of a company unlisted company other than AIFI, Banking
company, NBFC and HFC) as on December 31,2001:
6% Mortgage 10,000 debentures of Rs. 100 each; Debenture Redemption Reserve (for redemption of
debentures) Rs. 50,000; Investment in Deposits with a scheduled bank, free from any charge or lein Rs.
1,50,000 at interest 4% receivable on 31st December every year. Bank balance with the company is Rs.
9,00,000.
The Interest on debentures had been paid up to December 31st,2001. On February 28, 2002, the
investments were released at par and the debentures were paid off at Rs. 101, together with accrued
interest. Write up the concerned ledger accounts (excluding bank transactions). Ignore Taxation.
Debentures A/c, DRR A/c, DRR Investment A/c, Bank A/c, Debentureholder A/c.
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4.13
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