Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Kritika 10
Kritika 10
Kritika 10
instituti
kritika
Tbilisi
2015
1
UDK(uak) 22.09(051.2)
k-847
saredaqcio sabWo:
lali avaliani
Teimuraz doiaSvili
Tamaz vasaZe
ani kldiaSvili
lela oCiauri
irma ratiani
maka joxaZe
garekanis dizaini:
soso tabucaZe
ISSN 0206-5746
2
Tvalsazrisi
gia arganaSvili
naTesavi qarTvelTa
mokle mimoxilva
9
beWdilebas tovebs da mSoblebTan urTierTobaSi araviTar
komporomss aRar uSvebs.
aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom yamars xSirad kolx medeas
adareben (medeac xom mamis winaaRmdeg exmareba iasons, xolo
Semdeg Zmas wiravs). Cvens SemTxvevaSi es Sedareba ar gamog-
vadgeba ori mizezis gamo.
pirvel rigSi imitom, rom medeas istoria qarTul mex-
sierebas ar Seunaxavs da qarTuli azrovnebis cvlilebis sa-
magaliTod is ver gamodgeba.
meore mizezi ki is aris, rom yamaris moqmedebaSi ufro
axali ojaxis Seqmnis wadili igrZnoba da mamis saxlisadmi
mtrobac amiT aris nakarnaxevi. medeaSi ki Cven ufro siyvaru-
liT gonebadakarguli qalis saqciels vxedavT.
da Tu mainc paralelebze midgeba saqme, medeas Sedare-
ba bibliuri raxelTan (iakobis coli) ufro misaRebi Cans
(raxelic xom paravs ojaxur siwmindeebs mamas), vidre wminda
qarTul narativTan (amiranis eposi).
mkiTxvels Sevaxseneb, rom swored ase exmareba nestani
tariels („vefxistyaosani“) mamis winaaRmdeg samefo taxtis
dabrunebaSi. axalgazrda wyvilic axal samefos, axal ojaxs
qmnis. motivi aqac zustad igivea. damatebiT mxolod imis
Tqma SemiZlia, rom nestanisa da yamaris amgvari tipobrivi
siaxlove SemTxveviTi, ra Tqma unda, sulac ar aris.
da Tu nestans am mxriv TinaTins („vefxistyaosani“) Se-
vadarebT, pirvel rigSi, swored misi (TinaTinis) mamisadmi
morCileba gvecema TvalSi. swored es xasiaTi gvidastu-
rebs, rom arabeTisa da indoeTis SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs or
radikalurad gansxvavebul kulturaTa Sinagan dapirispi-
rebasTan, sadac indoeTis „qaosi“ ufro diadi „wesrigis“ sa-
fuZvels qmnis, vidre arabeTis mowyvladi wesrigi.
mTavrdeba istoriisTvis es xangrZlivi periodi da Cveni
personaJebic colebi xdebian.
10
coli
13
sanimuSo colis saxe qarTul literaturaSi Zneli gasax-
senebelia. ufro advilia im teqstebis gaxseneba, romlebsac
cnobili mwerlebi pativiscemis niSnad sakuTar meuRleebs
uZRvnian.
amitom Cvens literaturul eqskurss zRapridan daviwyeb
da mkiTxvels gamrje colisa da usaqmuri qmris ambavs gavax-
seneb (es zRapari ufro eTanadeba dRevandelobas). rogorc
Cans, es zRaparic realuri cxovrebis anareklia da amitom
MAmasSi damajereblad ganzogadebul saxeebs vxedavT. zRapar-
Si qali (coli) aTasnair xerxs iyenebs qmris „gasayoCaReb-
lad“ da bolos da bolos aRwevs kidec Tavis mizans:
„... wavida zarmaci kaci yanaSi. mTeli dRe ori-sami Zna ver
gamoWra. sul egdo da eZina. sami qaTami ki SeWama. ase gavida
sami-oTxi dRe. yana mamulSi Cawva.
erT dilas adga zarmaci kacis coli, iTxova cxeni, kacis
tanisamosi Caicva, tanze iaraRi aisxa, Sejda cxenze da qmris-
ken gaswia.
zarmacs rom mouaxlovda dauZaxa:
– momkalo, erTi zarmaci kaci ar ici, xelmwifes Svili
ukvdeba da zarmacis RviZli gvaswavlis, is uSveliso!
zarmacs SeeSinda da Sehfica. ai, erTi saaTia, rac mka da-
viwye da mets rogor movmkidio?!
– Tu saRamomde ar mogimkia eg yana, moval, vnaxav, Tavs
mogWri, RviZls amogaridebo! – uTxra mgzavrma. gascda da
wavida.
eca zarmaci yanas da saRamomde boli aadina. dajda gadaw-
yvetili da daiwyo qSena...
...........................
is dRea da is dRe, aRarc gverdze ugoravnia, mudam Sro-
mobda da iyvnen tkbilad da mdidrad“.
cxadia, am zRapris narativi cnobierebis ufro Zveli
Srea, radgan zepirsityvierebis nimuSTa Soris colisadmi
amgvari pozitiuri damokidebulebis magaliTi TandaTan
ufro Zneli mosaZebni xdeba. mxatvrul literaturaSi ki
colebisadmi amgvar damokidebulebas marTlac zRapruli
SegviZlia vuwodoT. folklori da literaturac saocar
14
erTsulovnebas iCenen da dRevandeli terminiT rom visar-
gebloT, dauRalavad ewevian colis sawinaarmdego pPiarkam-
panias. folklorisagan arcaAa gasakviri, radgan xalxuri Se-
moqmedeba, rogorc aRvniSneT, ZiriTadad mainc koleqtiur
cnobierebas amkvidrebs, magram daujerebeli aq individu-
alur SemoqmedTa solidarobaa xalxuri Semoqmedis mimarT.
sawyenia, rom maTi umravlesoba ver axerxebs an arc cdilobs
am stereotipuli damokidebulebisgan Tavis daRwevas.
xalxuri meleqse ki arcTu iSviaTad xatavs orguli co-
lis portrets. misi Rimili macduria, cremlebi – yalbi,
xolo misi qmrisadmi erTguleba– naklebad damajerebeli.
cnobili poeti mixa xelaSvili Tavis leqs-SedevrSi
„leqso amogTqom oxero..“ ver gascilda am sazogado Sexe-
dulebis tyveobas:
„colic Zalian itirebs, qveyanas gaakvirvebsa.
meore dResa igica, sxvisa Wirs gaalxinebsa“.
deda
19
qvrivi
sayvareli
bebia
mamida
emigranti qali
25
P.S.
rogorc vnaxeT, arc literaturaSi da arc folklorSi
RirebulebaTa TvalsazrisiT yvelaferi zustad ar aris
gayofili. maT Soris mkveTri xazis gavleba SeuZlebelia.
individualuri Semoqmedis azrovnebaSi yovelTvis ar Cans
pirovnuli azri, iseve rogorc koleqtiuri cnobiereba
yovelTvis ar gamoxatavs sazogadoebis saerTo pozicias.
amas martivi axsna aqvs. xalxuri poeziis krebulebSi dResac
mravali individualuri (anonimuri) avtoris naazrevi mo-
ipoveba, Tavis droze yvela uavtoro teqsts ganurCevlad da
gauazreblad xalxuri poeziis „uZiro zRvaSi“ gadauZaxes
da mas Semdeg am saqmis gamosworebiT aravin dainteresebula.
samwuxarod, Cvens literaturul sivrceSi anonimuri av-
toris cneba TiTqmis ar arsebobs. arada, warmoudgenelia
gvqondes aseTi mdidari xalxuri Semoqmedeba da ar gvyavdes
anonimuri avtorebi.
meore mxriv, klasikur literaturaSic sakmaod fexmo-
kidebulia koleqtiuri azrovneba. Cven erTnairad gviWirs
rogorc folkloruli nimuSebis garCeva individualuri
Semoqmedebisgan, aseve klasikuri literaturisTvis damaxa-
siaTebeli sazRvrebis moniSvna. dRemde folklorad mxo-
lod zepirmsityviereba, xolo literaturad – dabeWdili
teqstebi moiazreba. amitom folkloruli nimuSebi xSirad
Jurnalebis furclebze „ixveweba“, xolo namdvili litera-
tura zepirmoTxrobebad gadadis mkiTxvelidan mkiTxvelSi.
daskvnis saxiT ki SegviZlia vTqvaT: SesaZloa leqss av-
toric hyavdes, magram Tavisi msoflmxedvelobiT is mainc
folklors ekuTvnodes. an leqsis avtori cnobili ar iyos,
magram misi Semoqmedeba individualuri azrovnebis simaR-
les swvdebodes.
26
veqtorebi
maia jaliaSvili
absurdi –
vanilis motkbo surneliT
31
mkiTxvelic xelSesaxebad grZnobs qarTuli samzareu-
los ganumeorebel aromatebs, surnels, romelic mxolod
mSobliur garemoSi trialebs da SeigrZnoba. am detaliT
mweralma SeZlo qalis sulieri tkivilis siRrmiseulad
warmoCena.
irakli samsonaZe daSlil samyaros xatavs. absurdul
situaciebSi moxvedrili personaJebi gadawyvetilebas ver
iReben. scenidan darbazSi gadmodis piesis sivrce. mayure-
belic im saerTo absurdis Cumi monawilea.
piesaSi `postsabWouri skveri – tragikomedia oTx su-
raTad~ warmoCenilia, ra kvali datova sabWoTa ideologiam
adamianebze. piesis moqmedi gmirebi gacocxlebuli qandake-
bebi arian, isini skverebsa da baRebSi dganan mitovebulni,
gaZarculni, garegnulad mozeime, Sinaganad ki – ubadruki
warsulis mowmeni.
`devnili RmerTis~ xanaSi, rodesac adamianebi malulad
Sediodnen eklesiaSi xatebis win salocavad da sanTlebis
dasanTebad, zeimobda sxeulis sijansaRis kulti. sabWoeTSi
yovel nabijze SexvdebodiT kunTmagar qalebsa da kacebs,
xelSi namgal-uroTi, ara ubralod saSromlad, aramed TiT-
qos mTeli samyarosa da, upirvelesad, RvTis winaaRmdeg sab-
rZolvelad SemarTulT.
piesis moqmedeba postsabWour skverSi viTardeba. mwe-
rali kargad gvixatavs im sivrces, romelSic personaJebma
unda imoZraon: `scenis centrSi kvarcxlbeki. kvarcxlbek-
ze qandakadqceuli, trikoamocmuli qal-vaJi. gogos nam-
gali uWiravs, biWs – uro, cali fexi mouxriaT, meore ukan
gauzidavT, sxeulebi win wauxriaT, gasafrenad gamzadebul
raketebs hgvanan~. eseni piesis mTavari moqmedi gmirebi: fiz-
kultureli gogo da fizkultureli biWi arian. isini ga-
nasaxiereben sabWoTa drois naSTebs, romlebsac jer kidev
SerCeniaT sicocxlis unari, amitomac aris, rom laparako-
ben, fiqroben, ganicdian da yovelive imis monawileni arian,
rac Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi xdeba. maT dialogSi ixateba
sabWoTa dro, rodesac partiis msaxureba iyo upirvelesi, am
msaxurebas religiuri Tayvaniscemis ieri dahkravda da yvel-
gan iWreboda.
32
mwerali gviCvenebs, dro rogor moqmedebs adamianis su-
lier ganviTarebaze. erTi mxriv, moCanan qandakebebSi xorc-
Sesxmuli idealebi sabWoTa epoqisa, meore mxriv ki, post-
sabWoTa axalgazrdebi. rogorebi arian isini? Tavisufalni
da laRni? samwuxarod, ara. mzia saxlmmarTvelia, samuSaos-
gan gamofituli, gamomSrali da gaborotebuli, radgan aRa-
ravin aRiqvams qalad, sarTulidan sarTulze daexeteba da
aTasgvari gadasaxadis fuls krebs. erTaderTi, razec ocne-
bobda, milicioner biWTan Sexvedra iyo, Sexvda kidec – re-
zos, martoxela karlo bagaris cxedris amocnobisas gaicno,
imdeni gabeda, rom swored am skverSi Sexvedra sTxova. Cvenc
swored am dros vecnobiT, qandakebebTan mosaubres, re-
zos molodinSi. rezoc gamoCndeba, TokiT xelSi, gauparsavi,
mouvleli, Wilyvavs gamodevnebuli, ubadruki da ara iseTi,
rogorsac mzia mTeli sicocxle eloda. rezos saxe amZaf-
rebs piesis politikur Sinaarss, kerZod, is mianiSnebs, `gaxr-
wnili politikuri sistemis~ pirobebSi rogor mravldebian
avazakebi, kacismkvlelebi. marTalia, xelisufleba Seicva-
la, magram es TiTqos arafers niSnavs, adamiani isev dabmu-
lia, mibmulia axal politikur ideals, romelmac Tu moin-
doma, rogorc rezo ambobs, sakuTar mamas mogakvlevinebs da
dedas SegrTavs colad. amgvarad, piesaSi bedisweris Temac
SemoiWreba. droni icvlebian, magram adamiani bedisweris
monad rCeba. SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom swored bedisweris bra-
lia, rom mavani sabWoeTSi gaCnda an postsabWoeTa periodSi
– aRreuli zneobrivi faseulobebis xanaSi: `bedisweris msax-
vrali xeli... istoriuli gardauvaloba... stagnaciisTvis
var ganwiruli da amas versad gaeqcevi... politikuri sistema
lpeba~, – ambobs rezo.
imis saCveneblad, rom sabWouri ideologia isev cocx-
lobs da arc momavalSi emuqreba raime, dafexmZimuli fiz-
kultureli gogos alegoriiT gviCvenebs. fizkultureli
biWi ki omSia wasuli. TandaTan piesa sul ufro fantasmago-
riuli xdeba – kvarcxlbeki sacxovrebel binas emsgavseba.
omidan damarcxebuli fizkultureli biWi isev sadRac mi-
dis – axla saSovarze. forToxlis plantaciebSi, ucxo qveya-
33
naSi monurad unda iSromos. es yovelive ireklavs meoce sa-
ukunis 90-iani wlebis saqarTvelos viTarebas. fizkulturel
gogos biWi SeeZineba. MEmere Svilis gasazrdelad ZvelmanebiT
vaWrobas iwyebs da ase, mkiTxvelis Tvalwin – ori ojaxi –
qandakebebisa da xorcieli adamianebisa erTmaneTs emsgavseba.
qandakebaTa ojaxi ufro gamZle da amtanic aRmoCndeba. pata-
ra rezo gaizrdeba, mwmendavi gaxdeba da kvarcxlbekze Tavi-
sive xeliT mokluli mamis (maminacvlis) adgils daikavebs.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom piesis komikuri epizodebi avto-
ris did tkivils warmoaCenen – is iyureba warsulSi, raTa
daavadebuli awmyos wamali aRmoaCinos, magram, samwuxarod,
ver poulobs. mkiTxvelsac usaSvelobisa da gamouvalo-
bis gancdas utovebs. `aravis aqvs ufleba Cvengan optimizms
iTxovdes. Cven movaleni varT, gavigoT imaTi Secdoma, vinc
ver gauZlo sasowarkveTilebis ZalTa mosevas, Tavs ufleba
misca patiosani saxelisTvis Cirqi moecxo da Tanamedrove
nihilizmis ufskrulSi gadaCexiliyo~, – wers alber kamiu
Tavis sanobelo sityvaSi.
piesaSi `saRamos baRSi, rogorc ferad sizmarSi – fan-
tasmagoria erT moqmedebad~ – warmoCenilia afxazeTis omis
tragedia da gaubedurebuli adamianebi, romelTac Tavic
daukargavT, samSobloc da mTeli samyaroc (piesa baTumis
ilia WavWavaZis saxelobis saxelmwifo dramatul TeatrSi
daidga 2005-2006 wlebSi).
avtori piesas TviTonve ganmartavs, rogorc fantasma-
gorias, rac realobisa da warmosaxvis srul aRrevas gulis-
xmobs. marTlac, mkiTxveli ver arCevs sad iwyeba erTi, an sad
mTavrdeba meore.
piesaSi sul Svidi personaJia: Tazo, misi yofili coli
(niu) qmriTurT (aCiko). keso, Teatris administratori gab-
rieli, Tazo misi megobaria, dazmiri (sabWoeTSi gavrcele-
buli ucnauri saxeli-kompozitiT, romelic realurad, sami
rusuli sityvis abreviaturaa: `da zdravstvuet mir~). igi
scenis muSa da denis CamWrelia.
avtori ase gvamzadebs moqmedebisTvis: `postrevoluci-
uri saqarTvelo, Cveni dReebi. moqmedeba saprivatizacio
34
nusxaSi Setanili Teatris SenobaSi xdeba. scenaze mimoyrili
nivTebi. gveufleba gancda, TiTqos nagavsayrelis, an Tundac
nangrevebad qceuli saxlis mxilvelni varT. Tumca es arc
nagavsayrelia da arc nangrevebad qceuli saxli. uSinaarsod,
usagnod mimoyrili Teatraluri rekvizitebia scenaze. maT
Soris, yofiT nivTebsac vxedavT – navTquras, televizors,
skamebs da a. S.
gabrieli ambobs: `Teatri bordelad gadaiqca~ da am fra-
ziT kargad gamoxatavs im viTarebas, romelic qveyanaSia Seq-
mnili. xelovneba aRaravis ainteresebs, yvela mxolod imaze
fiqrobs, rogor moipovos sarCo-sabadebeli da rogor gada-
irCinos Tavi. personaJebi saubroben TavianT gaWirvebaze –
gabrieli rols veRar TamaSobs, Tazos coli gaqcevia, keso
viRac kacebs iRebs. mTavri isaa, rom am adamianebs erTmaneTi-
sa ar esmiT. erTs meoris ambavi ar aRelvebs. TavianT ambebs
viTom uziareben erTmaneTs dardis gasaqarveblad, magram
dardi arsad midis, radgan arc namdvili TanagrZnobaa da
arc gaziareba. TiTqos jojoxeTia. mwerali dakargul ada-
mianebs xatavs, usayrdenoebs, gamosavali rom ver upoviaT da
dabneulni daborialoben. erTmaneTs `CamosawerebSi~ gasu-
lebs eZaxian. ase moeqca maT `axali revulucia~ (igulisxmeba
2003 wlis vardebis revolucia). kesos Tavi aqvs damwvari
– qaClad iqca. kesos klientebis datovebuli fuliT gaaqvT
Tavi Tazosa da gabriels. isini yvelani nakacrebi arian.
piesaSi televizors Semoaqvs realobis meore plani – aq
Tazos coli axali qmriT – aCikoTi gamoCndeba. isini TiTqos
bednierebi arian. niu Jurnalistia, aCiko – konfliqtolo-
gia. parodirebulad aris warmoCenili satelevizio sivrce,
romelic adamianebs realobis SegrZnebas ukargavs. aTasgvar
SouSi wamyvanebi msjeloben iseT Temebze, romlebsac aravi-
Tari kavSiri ara aqvT yoveldRiur gaWirvebasTan. magali-
Tad, qalaqSi Sahidi qali gamoCenila, globaluri proble-
mebi, terorizmi, teraqtebi...
kesos ocneba fiWvis tyeze warmoaCens iluziebis msxvre-
viT gamowveul tkivilebs, Tumca am fiWvis tyes Semoaqvs
swored imedis sxivi bnel yofaSi.
35
piesa savsea saxarebiseuli da literaturuli aluzi-
ebiT, romlebic aRrmaveben piesis Sinaarss da personaJebs
sikeTisa da borotebis simboloebad warmoaCenen. samyaroSi
mudmivad grZeldeba brZola naTelsa da bnel Zalebs So-
ris, mTavaria, adamianma ar dakargos kavSiri RvTaebriv sam-
yarosTan, ar amoiSanTos suli da sxeulis gaxrwnis pirobeb-
Sic sjerodes xsnisa da gadarCenisa.
piesa `cicqna goliaTi – Cveni komikuri absurduli erT
moqmedebad~ erTmaneTisgan sruliad gaucxoebul col-qmars
gvixatavs, romelTac isic ar ician, bavSvs ra sqesi da ra asa-
ki aqvs. Semdeg aRmoaCenen, rom orsqesiania. isini gaucxoe-
bulni arian yvelasa da yvelafrisgan. amZimebT `Waobiani~
warsuli, Sesabamisad, verc awmyoSi gaukvleviaT gza.
`ise gulmodgineT vSliT kvals, rom mexsierebac gveS-
leba xandaxan~, – eubneba qmari cols. mkiTxveli ver arkvevs,
vin arian isini, qurdebi, mkvlelebi, saxelmwifo moxeleni
Tu teroristebi. isini droisagan SeSlil adamianebs hgvanan,
romelTac Tavi ver dauRweviaT warsulisagan. isini igone-
ben, rogor daxoces bebia-babua da mSoblebi, magram maTi
aCrdilebi maTTan arian. umomavlobisa da uperspeqtivobis
gancda amZimebs maT awmyos. gamudmebuli areuloba, mitingebi,
partiuli brZolebi da qveyanaSi atexili gauTavebeli ayal-
mayali maT klavs, rogorc pirovnebebs. isini ver garkveulan
viTarebaSi, swori gza ver aurCeviaT. warsulze SurisZiebas
maTTvis arc bednierebis SegrZneba moaqvs da arc samomavlo
imeds usaxavs. `Cven aravis, sruliad aravis vWirdebiT~ – am
sasowarkveTili amoZaxiliT aris gamsWvalulli mTeli
piesa. isini afeTqeben qalaqs, sxvis saxlebs da TviTonac
feTqdebian, Tumca piesis bolos aRmoCndeba, rom es mxolod
koSmaruli sizmaria.
`vanilis motkbo, sevdiani surneli~ (komedia or moqme-
debad) Tbilisis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis akademiur
TeatrSi daidga 2006, 2007 da 2010 wlebSi, reJisorebi: ro-
bert sturua da andro enuqiZe. piesaSi ojaxuri problemebi,
TaobaTa urTierToba da gaucxoeba ixateba. piesaSi gamo-
ikveTeba ucxoeTidan Camosuli giorgi, romelsac, rogorc,
36
TviTon ambobs, ladiotantis profesia aqvs. piesiss bolom-
de gaurkveveli rCeba, ras niSnavs es ladiotanti SesaZloa,
igi nazavia idiotis, mutantis, komersantis da yvela amgvari
sityvebis, romlebic adamianis garkveul suliersa Tu so-
cialur mdgomareobas ucxo terminebiT aRniSnaven. am pie-
saSic gaucxoebis problemaa mTavari. piesis epizodebi am si-
tyva ladiotantis irgvliv lagdeba. personaJebi cdiloben
jer sityvis, Semdeg giorgis pirovnebis amocnobas. am gamo-
canas sTavazobs avtori mkiTxvels – vin iyo giorgi da rad
aqcia igi drom da garemoebebma? ufro zogadad ki, ra bedi
aqvs adamians Tanamedrove globalur samyaroSi, ganviTare-
buli teqnologiebis xanaSi. ra emarTeba adamianis sulsa da
zneobas? vanilis motkbo surneli ki dakarguli idealebis
simboloa.
piesaSi `meTevze erTi, ori... – dramatuli igavi erT moq-
medebad~ – ucxo miwaze daxocil qarTvel jariskacTa bedia
warmoCenili. istoriulad, xan mameluqebi iyvnen qarTvele-
bi, xan ianiCrebi, xan voluntierebi. es ar Secvlila arc dRes.
erTi Tu internacionaluri misiiT ibrZoda, meore – saerTa-
Soriso usafrTxoebisTvis.
piesaSi ori adamiani xvdeba erTmaneTs, erTi bediT – ori-
ve axalgazrda daiRupa. maTs dialogSi TaobaTa Soris ur-
TierTobaa warmoCenili.
mwerali migvaniSnebs ambis igavurobaze – es mkiTxvels
ubiZgebs personaJebi Tu maTi urTierTobebi alegoriu-
lad gaiazros, teqstSi simboloebi eZebos da qveteqstebi
amoikiTxos.
saxelebi – ufrosi wertila, umcrosi wertila – am
adamianebis raobaze mianiSneben. isini usazRvro samyaro-
Si mcire wertilebi arian mxolod, TavianTi patara saz-
runavebiT. ufrosi da umcrosi, meTevzeebi davoben um-
niSvnelo wvrilmanebze
`Tevzaoba sicocxlis upirvelesi niSan-Tvisebaa~, – am-
bobs ufrosi wertila. cxovrebaa zRvaa da adamians mova-
leobaa daiWiros Tevzebi, saqme aq akeTos. aris gadaZaxili
hemingueis `moxucsa da zRvasTan~. iqac moxuci meTevze didi
37
Tevzis daWeraSi naxulobs cxovrebis sazriss. swored Te-
vzaoba SeagrZnobinebs, rom adamianis damarcxeba SeuZlebe-
lia. an herman melvilis `mobi diki~ – TeTri veSapis devnaSi
kapitani sakuTar Tavs da samyaros kanonzomierebas Tanab-
rad Seimecnebs.
ufrosi meTevze am adgilas saTevzaod ki ar modis, aramed
dasasveneblad, Tumca Zuagawyvetili ankesi Tan moaqvs – `eg
kide sakiTxavia, me daviCeme es adgili Tu am tbam da tirifma
damiCemes~. Tevzebze davasa da baqibuqobaSi, Tu vis ramdeni
dauWeria, TandaTan gamoikveTeba ufrosi wertilis ucnau-
roba, simboluroba: `xedav im goras, iq rom mze amoiwvereba,
isev Cems xetials unda Sevudge, erTi ori, erTi ori, ucxo
miwaze, ucxo cis qveS; amitomac gTxov, damasvene Cems skamze,
sadac wlidan wlamde, weliwadSi erTxel meZleva Camojdomis
saSualeba.
piesaSi xSirad SemoiWreba ironia: `Tu wertilas geZaxian,
ra Zaxilis niSaniviT iWimebi!~
TaobaTa Soris gansxvavebas isic gamoxatavs, Tu rome-
li enis gavlenas ganicdian dialogis monawileni. umcro-
si ambobs: `me Fullstop-s meZaxdnen xolme... wertils niSnavs
inglisurad~.
ufrosi : `me `toCkas~, rusulad niSnavs wertils~. umcro-
sis dabaSi mze dasavleTidan amodioda, ufrosisa – Crdilo-
eTidan. umcrosi inglisurad igineba, ufrosi – rusulad.
piesaSi SemoiWreba dRevandelobisTvis aqtualuri politi-
kur-kulturuli orientaciis sakiTxi: evropa da ruseTi?
ufrosi internacionalur valze saubrobs – ixsenebs, rogor
SeiWrnen sabWoTa jarebi avRaneTsa Tu sxvagan. umcrosi –
saerTaSoriso usafrTxoebaze msjelobs, roca Seni dabis
simSvidis dasacavad sadRac Sors unda ibrZolo, magaliTad,
avRaneTSi.
wertila – tradiciuli metsaxelia, magram moulodne-
lobis efeqti maSin Cndeba, rodesac zedmetsaxel `werti-
las~ sul sxva interpretacias gvTavazobs mwerali. ufrosi
ambobs: `wertilas ufro imitom meZaxdnen, rom yvela daZa-
bul saubarSi bolo wertils me vsvamdi~. aRmoCndeba, rom um-
38
cros wertilasac amitom eZaxdnen am saxels da ara mxolod
tanmorCilebisaTvis.
isini yvelafriT hgvanan erTmaneTs, magram Zvelma Tao-
bam axals unda dauTmos adgili, rac ufrosisTvis mtkivneu-
lia – mas, roca ufross ar moswons, rom umcrosi mis skamze
jdeba. piesaSi Cans ufrosis sabWouri warsulis gamocdile-
ba. ufrosi umcross: `Zalian axlodan Zalian Sors daginaxe~.
mkiTxvels uCndeba bundovani gancda, xom ar aris es Sexvedra
warsulTan?
umcrosi ocnebobs Tavisi Tevzis daWeraze, romelsac
`saxeCi atamiviT yviTeli zurgi aqvs da Tvalwarmtaci zurgi,
varskvlavebiT gadanaTebuli RameebiviT~.
oriveni nostalgiiT axseneben TavianT patara dabas, sa-
dac odesRac cxovrobdnen. mkiTxvels uCndeba eWvi, es yove-
live realobaSi xdeba Tu saiqioSi, sulTa sufloSi. amas am-
Zafrebs umcrosis sityvebi: `viyavi Tu var?~
saocnebo Tevzi gamoCndeba, magram Zua wydeba. es niSnavs
umcrosis sikvdils: `hospitalSi... samyaros ukidures samx-
reTis samxreT provinciaSi... (pauza). deda gaigebs, etkineba...~
moulodelad yvelaferi cxadi xdeba, orive saiqioSia:
ufrosi snaiperis tyviT aris mokluli. umcrosi – naRmis
namsxvreviT. orive xvdeba msgavsebis raobas. ufrosi ambobs:
`Cven xvedriT varT mamaSvili~.
piesis bolos orive xedavs goras, goraze dabas, dabasTan
tbas da tbasTan tirifs. es tirifi glovis simboloa. scena-
ze rCeba ori carieli skami da ori Zuagawyvetili ankesi.
piesaTa saerTo stilistikidan TiTqos amovardnilia
`abeSura – farnavazianTa ukanaskneli dedofali~ (trage-
dia or moqmedebad), romelsac mkiTxveli Soreul warsulSi
gadahyavs. piesa eZRvneba Tamaz baZaRuas, badri Woxoneli-
Zis, vaJa bregaZis naTel xsovnas. am piesisTvis avtors gada-
eca istoriul-literaturuli premia `daviT aRmaSenebeli~
(2010). piesa reJisorma nugzar lorTqifaniZem dadga 2003-
2004 wlebSi quTaisis lado mesxiSvilis saxelobis dramatul
TeatrSi.
39
moqmedeba xdeba mcxeTaSi mesame saukunis dasasruls. pi-
esa efuZneba `qarTlis cxovrebis~ erT epizods, romelic
mogviTxrobs farnavazianTa ukanaskneli mefis, asfagurisa
da misi mxolodSobili asulis, abeSuras, aRsasrulze. yu-
radRebas iqcevs piesis ena, romelic mkveTrad ritmulia,
gamoyenebulia, ZiriTadad, sonetis, 14-marcvliani ritmi,
rac Zalian uxdeba piesas, erTgvar zomier paTetikurobas
aniWebs tragedias. Seqspiris tragediebic xom maCabelma 14-
marcvliani ritmiT Targmna. piesas fonad gasdevs `ukvdave-
bisgan gaTanguli ori SeSlili yornis~ (noes kidobnidan ar-
ian) filosofiuri elferiT Semosili komikuri dialogebi.
isini gardauval bediswerasac ganasaxiereben da TviTon uk-
vdavni, edgar poseuli yoraniviT sazarlad dasCxavian mok-
vdavT: `aRarasodes~, romelsac am piesaSi Caenacvleba `far-
naozis saxli kvdeba~. piesaSi warmoCndeba farnavazianTa
qarTlis bedi, asfaguris asulis, abeSuras tragikuli bedi.
gogona Tavidanve warmoCndeba, rogorc martosuli meocnebe,
muxas gardacvlil dedas rom eZaxis da mis fuRuroSi emaleba
realobas. saberZneTSi qarTlis elCs axalgazrda baqars siy-
varulTi sulis ZuZumtes uwodebs. qarTls uWirs arCevnis
gakeTeba: `kacma ar icis, visi fexis lokva sjobia, sparsT
Tu berZenTa~. sparsTa mefis Ze, 7 wlis mirianic gamoCndeba,
dgeba dro farnavazianTa dinastiis xosrovianTa dinastiiT
Canacvlebisa. avtori mihyveba qarTlis cxovrebis versias
imis Sesaxeb, rom qarTlis erisTavebma asfaguris sikvdilis
Semdeg qasres Svili miriani sTxoves abeSuras qmrad. piesaSi
ixateba mamis mkvlelobiTa da datrialebuli ambebiT SeS-
lili abeSura, usazRvrod keTili, xalxis mosiyvarule, mag-
ram mainc yvelasgan mitovebuli da sasikvdilod ganwiruli.
piesas msWvalavs erTgvari romantikuli suliskveTeba, rom
yovelgvar nazs, saTuTsa da angelosurs devnis miwieri, Wu-
Wyiani, politikuri Tu yofiTi intrigebiT savse cxovreba.
mwerlis sayvareli `absurdi~ aq scenis miRmaa, magram is mainc
SemoiWreba ukvdavi yornebis saubarSi `rZiani yavis xsenebiT~.
RalatiT mkvdari asfaguri da abeSura qarTlis cxovrebis
furclebSi CarCnen, magram maT bedisweras maTi sulieri na-
40
Tesavebi imeoreben dReEs da gaimeoreben xval da amas ubralo
adamianur enaze hqvia sinaTlisa da sibnelis dausrulebeli
brZola, yvelaze umakoTa msxverpSewirvis ritualiT. abeSu-
rac mkiTxvelis STabeWdilebaSi rCeba, rogorc RvTaebrivi
naperwklis moulodneli gamoCena yofierebis sibneleSi, sul
cota xniT adamianTa sulebis gasaTbobad da gasanaTeblad da
mere isev gasaqrobad. is, rogorc giorgi leoniZe ambobs `nat-
vris xeSi~, droebiT Tvals mifarebuli silamazea, romelic
aucileblad isev gamoCndeba.
mwerali Tavisi piesebiT mkiTxvels `gonebiT TamaSisT-
vis~ aRZravs, raTa am gziT, sxvaTa sicocxlesa, bedsa da
droSi mogzaurobiT sakuTari Tavi apovninos. `es warmod-
gena xafangia, mefis sindiss damaWerinebs~, – ambobs hamle-
ti. kamius azriT, sindisi metad frTamalia da xelidan gvis-
xlteba, kudSi unda sdio, im mouxelTebel wamSi unda swvde,
roca Tavis Tavs avlebs wamier mzeras~ (`sizifes miTi~). am
piesebis kiTxvisas mkiTxvelic moaxerxebs sakuTari sindi-
sis moxelTebas da cxovrebiseuli absurdis gadalaxvas `mes~
Semecnebis gzaze.
41
lali avaliani
Varia
M eoce saukunis qarTuli literatura ukve kulturuli
m
memkvidreobaa, romelsac axleburad wakiTxva, ZirisZiramde
Seswavla, uamravi `TeTri laqis~ Tu `Savi xvrelis~ aRmoCena-
Sevseba-gamomzeureba esaWiroeba.
arcTu iSviaTia totalitaruli reJimis dros moRvawe,
moTvinierebuli Tu mouTvinierebeli mwerlebis uapelaci-
od, xelaRebiT ganqiqeba, – sabWouri `troikis~ aRtkinebiT.
ritorikuli SekiTxva: sainteresoa, rogor moiqceod-
nen Tavad es gabeduli avtorebi, drois manqaniT 70-80 wlis
win rom dagvebrunebina, SeinarCunebdnen ukompromisobas da
uSiSrobas?
brwyinvale niWis satirikosi mixail zoSCenko Tavis dro-
ze ise `SeaSines~, rom weras SeeSva. misi frTiani gamonaTqva-
mia: `Писатель с перепуганной душой, это потеря квалификации~.
***
komunistebi Tu viTom komunistebi, vicodiT, rom TaR-
liTebi da orpirebi iyvnen. Sesabamisad, Cveni motyueba
da gacureba advili ar iyo. Tanac, komunistebs TavianTi
`saqmeni sagmironi~ miCumaTebuli hqondaT. axla, beWduri
Tu eleqtronuli mas-mediis meSveobiT, TiTqos yvelaferi
`Riaa~, `gamWvirvale~, Tumca dRes saerTod ver gaigeb vin vin
aris! Who is who?
***
ucxoelebs fexqveS vegebiT, erTmaneTi ver agvitania.
***
iyo saqarTvelo, gaxda `ji~ Tu `jeo~?
***
Tbilisi ucnauri qalaqia, am bolo dros kidev ufro auc-
naurdao, – werda grigol robaqiZe `pirveli~ damoukideb-
42
lobis wlebSi. aucnaureba `meore~ damoukideblobisTanave
gagrZelda erTob tragikuli elferiT, man mTeli saqar-
Tvelo moicva, – samaCablo, afxazeTi, Tbilisi, `omi~ ruseTTan...
saukuneTa mijnidanve, mravalTa Soris, kidev erTi uc-
nauroba SeiniSneba: erT xelisuflebas meore cvlis, meores
– mesame, ar icvleba mxolod `sibarit-politikosTa~ erTi
jgufi, romelic nebismier viTarebaSi Tavs daculad, kom-
fortulad, maZRrad da wynarad grZnobs (poziciaSic da
opoziciaSic); albaT aseve gagrZeldeba ukuniTi ukunisamde.
***
sulerTia, goglimogliT gamokvebili dedikos biWi Seq-
mnis Sedevrs (literaturisa da xelovnebis nebismier sfero-
Si), Tu TavzexelaRebuli, gaubedurebuli da sxvisi gamau-
bedurebeli loTi da narkomani.
***
poezia, Tavisi arsiT, universaluria, iseve rogorc musi-
ka. magram is sityvis xelovnebaa da, amdenad, wminda erovnu-
li fenomeni. globalizacia upiratesad poezias vnebs, pro-
zas – naklebad.
qarTuli musikaluri da qoreografiuli folklori,
dRes, RvTis madliT, waxalisebuli aris da dafasebulic.
igives ver vityviT aseve sruliad unikalur xalxur zepir-
sityvierebaze.
Tundac is rad Rirs, rom ocdameerTe saukuneSi, gaSmage-
buli da sruliad gauazrebeli urbanizaciis Jams, saqar-
TveloSi jer kidev arseboben saxalxo mTqmelebi.
***
arasdros imdeni ar ulaparakiaT ganaTlebaze, rogorc
bolo aTwleulSi da arasdros ise ar daukninebiaT skola,
umaRlesi saswavlebeli, instituti, zogadad, – mecnierebis
da swavlulis prestiJi, rogorc bolo aTwleulSi. soko-
ebiviT momravlebuli `universitetebis~ bumi, mgoni das-
rulda; iqneb akademiis `represirebul~ institutebsac (Ta-
43
vis droze sabunebismetyvelo Tu humanitarul mecnierebaTa
saukeTeso skolebi rom Seqmnes) eSvelos rame.
imis mtkiceba, rom saqarTveloSi qarTvelologias upi-
ratesoba unda mieniWos da mudmivad mwvane Suqi enTos, rbi-
lad rom vTqvaT, cud tonad iTvleboda da iTvleba!
***
mwerlobaSi asakobrivi `cenzi~ ar arsebobs: arseboben
niWieri da uniWo avtorebi.
***
ra cota unda adamians, rom gaixaros, magram es cotac rom
ar aris?
kidev ufro cota axarebs bavSvs – siyvaruli da misTvis
`daTmobili~ dro.
sami wlis aleqsandres `aforizmebidan~: `bavSvs ar unda
cemo, bavSvs unda moefero~.
***
16 wlis Tineijers movasmenine visockis simRerebi, –
`Чуть помедленнее, кони...~, `Лучше гор бывают только горы~, – ar
moewona, Tanac inglisurisagan gansxvavebiT, rusulTan
mwyralad aris. vuyvebi: TbilisSi Camovida moskovis saxel-
ganTqmuli Teatri, speqtaklSi visocki mawanwalis epizodur
rols asrulebda; sul aTwuTian monologSi iseTi arnaxuli
gzneba da vneba CaRvara, rom scenaze cecxli daanTo, dain-
gra taSiT darbazi...
pasuxi iyo: araaa, rusi cecxls ver daanTebda!
***
cnobilia, rom bolSevikebma SubliT SeaxeTqes erTma-
neTs qalaqi da sofeli. maqsim gorki – revoluciis `qariSxa-
la~, muSur-glexuri saxelmwifos nafici aRmsarebeli, Tur-
me cinikurad kiTxulobda: rodisRa amowydebian es briyvi
soflelebio (aqac `ormagi standarti~).
glexoba (bunebisagan boZebuli universaluri codnis
mflobeli), Tavis miwaze mijaWvuli, muxlCauxreli SromiT
44
mopovebuli dovlaTiT, komunistebs dabrkolebas uqmnida.
sayovelTao `gankulakebas~ da Semzarav `golodoms~ (ara mxo-
lod ukrainaSi), glexobis masobrivi ganadgureba an koleq-
tivSi Serekva mohyva.
ucnauri paraleli:
`ra amowydes glexikaci,
saqarTvelo daZabunda~.
arCil II bagrationi (1647-1713)
`megapolisobanas~ TamaSebma (`singapurizacia~, `dubaiza-
cia~, axla aranakleb fantastikuri ram, – `manhetenizacia~
veres xeobaSi), isedac mciremiwian, gaudaburebul, gulsak-
lavad damcrobil qveyanaSi gvarianad daaZabuna qalaqic da
sofelic; provincia xom suls Rafavs...
P.S. maqsim gorki gvian `aRmovaCine~, studentobisas (sko-
laSi maincdamainc mis `sakulto~-komunistur nawerebs
gvaZalebdnen); mainc umorCilesad vTxov mkiTxvels (gansa-
kuTrebiT axalgazrdas) waikiTxos `saxelgatexili~ gorkis
Tundac patara Sedevri – moTxroba `Двадцать шесть и одна~.
axla gorkis ki ara, tiutCevsac ki gamovuCxrikeT `nakli~:
rusuli mesianizmi.
nu movTxovT mwerlebs `politkoreqtulobas~, please!
***
simpaTiuri qarTveli axalgazrda, droebiT Camosuli
germaniidan, teleekranidan gvesaubreba: `Tbilisi aris qa-
laqi, romelSic ar icxovreba. gadaadgileba TiTqmis SeuZle-
belia, sunTqva Wirs, manqanebisagan Caxergil trotuarze, Tu
ar gafrTxildi, – dagejaxebian, sisufTaves aravin icavs~ da a.S.
marTalia, is Tbilisi, romelSic mTeli cxovreba gava-
tare, aRar arsebobs, mainc mTeli guliT miyvars. xSirad me-
sizmreba koSmari: qalaqis ucnob quCaze var, dabneuli. sax-
lSi mimeCqareba, magram gza ver gamignia.
dRevandeli TbiliselisTvis mixeil javaxiSvilis 80
wlis winandeli Canaweri ufro aqtualuria da mwvaved aR-
saqmeli, vidre axalgazrda emigrantis mier faqtebis natu-
ralisturi konstatacia.
45
`ubis wignakidan~: `Cemo tfiliso: Sen rom saxe gqonoda,
erTs SegafurTxebdi, silas gagkravdi. mere fexebSi Cagivar-
debodi, muxlebs dagikocnidi da bavSviviT avtirdebodi~...
am Canaweris Semdeg 70 weli gaivlis da `drogamoSvebiT~
emigrantad qceuli aka morCilaZe dawers: `mivxvdi, wigni uk-
ve dawerili mqonda. aseT rameebs rom mixvdebi, imasac vxvde-
bi, rom rasac TbilisSi weliwadi dasWirdebi, is sxvagan erT
kviraSi gakeTdeba xolme... [inglisSi] axlo col-qmarma Semi-
fara didi qalaqis gareubanSi... sul isini mifareben xolme,
roca ki davatyob, rom mTlad gadavirie da Cemi mSobliuri
qalaqi ise miyvars, rom ukve mZuls~ (`santa esperansa~).
***
gamokveTili individualurobiT aRbeWdil, didi niWis
da SesaZleblobis (da ara SeZlebis), gamorCeul pirovnebas
sabWoTa kavSirSi almacerad uyurebdnen, faqtobrivad, ar
axarebdnen; ufro monacrisfro, `morCil~ adamianebs hqon-
daT didi gasaqani: premiebi, wodebebi, Tanamdebobebi, `Cin-
mendlebi~ da a.S.
zemoxsenebuli individebi inteligenturad umklavde-
bodnen yvela siZneles, akeTebdnen Tavis sakeTebels, xalxSi
did warmatebas, siyvaruls da popularobas ixveWdnen, magram
upiratesad mainc sabWoTa gagebiT – Rarib `saSualo klass~
miekuTvnebodnen. swored isini iyvnen `marili qveynisaÁ~...
ssrk-dan samudamod wasvla (gaqceva), rac ase xSiri iyo
rus disidentTa Tu xelovanTa Soris, samSoblos dakargvas
udrida. saqarTveloSi mxolod erTeulebma airCies es gza.
droebam moitana da, Tavisi niWis daxvewis, ganviTarebisa
da profesiuli winsvlis survilma mraval qarTvels aaRebi-
na gezi ucxoeTisaken.
ra Tqma unda, gvaxarebs TanamemamuleTa warmateba ucxo-
eTSi, maTi mcdeloba saqarTvelos sasikeTod.
CvenSi saxelovnebo `saSualo klasi~ (upiratesad – dasav-
luri gagebiT anu SeZlebuli da dafasebuli) ar arsebobs.
literaturisa da xelovnebis mentaluri da esTetikuri ze-
gavlena xalxze dakninebulia.
46
`grandiozulma~, `pompezurma~ Soum waleka kulturuli
sivrce.
saxelmwifos Zlieri mxardaWeris gareSe, usaxsrod dar-
Cenili maRali xelovneba ganwirulia.
***
sagangebo politikur-ekonomikuri ganaTlebis gareSec
advili misaxvedria, rom ganwirulia is patara qveyana, rome-
lic globalizaciis mdare lavas taSituSiT da zar-zeimiT,
nebayoflobiT waelekvineba: fundamentur mecnierebebze,
humanitaruli kulturis umaRles gamovlinebebze (mwerlo-
ba, Teatri, kinematografi, musika, saxviTi xelovneba...) da,
rac mTavaria, sulierebis primatze Tu aTaswlovan erovnul
tradiciebze aiRebs xels.
ra elis am ers, miT umetes, Tu `civiluri~ (anu civili-
zebuli – raSic dRes pragmatul-teqnologiuri mxare ufro
igulisxmeba) qveynebisagan gansxvavebiT, Tavze sayrelad
aqvs teritoriuli, socialuri, politikuri Tu zneobrivi
problemebi.
Cveni masmediisa Tu politikuri speqtris moRvaweTa erT,
arcTu mcirericxovan nawils, ratomRac, `civiluri~ (aras-
amxedro, samoqalaqo) da `civilizebuli~ (vinc civilizacias
miaRwia, civilizacia aiTvisa) sinonimebi hgonia.
baraqala `sabWoTa~ enaTmecnierTa im brwyinvale gunds,
`qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis~ rvatomeuli (1951-
1964) rom gvianderZa, Tumca cnobarebi aRar aris `moTxovna-
di~ da `kiTxvadi~...
Sinauric da gareulic xSirad gvmoZRvravs: saqarTvelo
axla mainc unda CaerTos civilizebul erTa ferxulSio.
`maJrJolebs da tanSi mzaravs~, roca civilizaciis (`ama
Tu im formaciis Sesabamisi done sazogadoebrivi ganvi-
Tarebisa da materialuri kulturisa~) meore definicias
vkiTxulob: `barbarosobis momdevno safexuri kacobriobis
ganviTarebisa~; martivi logikiT, saqarTvelo barbarosuli
qveyana gamodis!
`asureT-babilonis momswreebs telegrafisa da eleqt-
ronis xanamde mogviRwevia da dRes garemoeba iseTi dagvid-
47
ga, rom iZulebulni varT Cvens vinaobis Sesaxeb vilaparakoT:
icodeT, Tanamedrove xalxno da Senc ruseTis inteligenci-
av, rom Cvenca varT. swored bobCinskis mdgomareobaa: Нет, вы
только скажите, что в таком то городе живёт Пётр Иванович Бобчин-
ский! – vemudarebiT yvelas. ocdaaTi saukunis istoria ki
sadRac Caiylapa! Caiylapa igi aramc Tu sxvebisTvis, aramed
CvenTvisac. warsulTan Zafebi gawyvetili gvaqvs. rusulad
vwerT qarTvelebis Sesaxeb da am qarTvelebis istoria, kul-
tura, literatura da xelovneba CvenTvis sruliad ucnobi
sagania~ (arCil jorjaZe, werili – `mavnebeli seni~, gamoq-
veynda gazeT `droebaSi~ 1909 wels).
`rusuls~ sxva eniT (enebiT) Tu CavanacvlebT, araferi
daSavdeba: viTareba dResac met-naklebad igivea.
`kulturis ayvaveba uenod SeuZlebelia, radgan ena ara
marto iaraRia grZnobisa da azris gadmosacemad, aramed igi
sulia, xalxis fsixiur ganwyobilebis maCvenebeli~ (iqve).
Tu ocdameerTe saukunis qarTul enas – saurTierTo-say-
velpuros, quCur-bazruls, yviTel-moyviTalo mediis Sou-
biznesis, Teatris, kinos, mwerlobis, politikuri debate-
bis, parlamentis `arasaparlamento~ diskusiebis – mozrdil
nawils mivayuradebT, davrwmundebiT, rom xalxis ukidures
zRvramde misuli `fsixiuri ganwyobileba~, SesaZloa, male
fsiqozSi gadaizardos.
utrirebisaTvis bodiSs vixdi, magram silaSi TavCargu-
li siraqlemis pozas an qarTuli enis danagvianebisadmi
srul gulgrilobas arsebuli viTarebis hiperbolizacias
vamjobineb.
***
`yviTel~ mediaSi TiTqmis gaqrobis pirasaa `araxmare-
badi~, miviwyebuli sityvebi (cnebebic): wesiereba, keTilSo-
bileba, Tavmdabloba, erTguleba, didsulovneba, sindisi,
sinanuli, umwikvloba...
gamoTqmebi – urcxvoba, ampartavnoba, trabaxi, yoyoCoba,
Sublis ZarRvis gawyveta, kudabzikoba da a.S., – Canacvlebu-
lia `gamoyenebadi~ sityvebiT: agresiuloba, provokacia,
48
TviTreklama, skabrezuloba, uxamsoba, epataJi... es yvelafe-
ri `Tavisuflebad~ moiazreba da, ratomRac `piarad~ (P.R –
Publik relations –sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebi) saRdeba. TeT-
ria piari Tu Savi, amas aravin dagidevT, masa orives ankesze
Tanabrad egeba, sulierad Raribdeba da Clungdeba; piris
aqafebac aranormatiuli leqsikiT lamis normad iqca.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom skabrezulobis mxriv arasamTav-
robo seqtori zedmiwevniT koreqtulia, magram misi erTi
nawilis metyveleba erTgvar `subkulturul~ stilad Camo-
yalibda, romelic yurSi ekaliviT gvesoba. movismine, ro-
gor daabnia kargi qarTuliT gamorCeuli, sazogadoebrivi
radios gadacemis wamyvani qalbatoni respondentTa (qal-
vaJi ori sxvadasxva NGO-dan) gaugebarma, `daprogramebulma~
naubarma, damabnevelma kazuistikam; ramdenjerme taqtianad
scada kidec amis gamosworeba, magram amaod.
akaki baqraZe: `gaugebrad, bundovnad mxolod erT Sem-
TxvevaSi weren (saubroben – l.a.). erTxel, roca is cudad
ician, raze weren, meored, roca demagogiuri mizniT weren da
sityvebis korianteliT mkiTxvels TvalSi nacars ayrian~.
***
zogi viTom mwerali (sxvaTa Soris, – marTla mweralic)
ise eqceva qarTul saliteraturo enas, TiTqos iatakis
tilo iyos: ise Seawmends fexs, rom friad uamur kvals
stovebs. Tanac es zerelobad, mconarobad, umecrebad ki
ar miaCnia, aramed `amboxad~, `gambedaobad~ da `siaxled~.
`epataJi epataJad, magram jer qarTuli iswavle, Zamiko!~
(laSa TabukaSvilis erT-erTi satelevizio gamosvlis dros
Tqmuli dasamaxsovrebeli fraza).
***
interteqstualizacia postmodernizmis damaxasiaTebe-
li erT-erTi komponentia, Tanac, – araxalia, ZvelTaZvelia.
misma gafetiSebam (rogorc yuradRebis mipyrobis uadviles-
ma xerxma) is Sedegi mogvca, rom teqsti mTlianad `dablen-
derebulia~; mdabiurad rom vTqvaT, ugemur ajafsandals
mogvagonebs. Tumca avtorsac gaaCnia.
49
***
19 wlis fransuaza sagana debiutma – `salami, sevdav!~
imTaviTve moutana aRiareba da didi popularoba. daaxlo-
ebiT 30 wlis Semdeg, roca ukve SemoqmedebiT mwvervals mi-
aRwia (romanebiT, piesebiT, kinoscenarebiT...) da franguli
literaturuli elitis ucvleli wevric gaxda, dawera me-
muarebi, romelic umal iqca bestselerad:
`araferi maqvs mosaridebeli – Cemi Semoqmedeba rigiani
literatura da patiosani Sromis nayofia. Tavad vici Cemi
romanebis namdvili fasi; wakiTxuli maqvs prustic da sten-
dalic, es mwerlebi ki nebismiers moaSlevineben yoyoCobas~.
Tanamedrove qarTvel avtorTa umravlesobas aseT rames ver
wamoacdenineb: zogierTi ki `geniosobas~ sul iolad iCemebs!
***
ocdameerTe saukuneSi, vinc yovelgvari `sagzlisa~ Tu
`begraundis~ gareSe, gaquculi epataJiT moiwadinebs mwer-
lobaSi fons gasvlas, erTob xanmokle skandalur popula-
robas unda dasjerdes.
***
adamianis piradi cxovrebis miCqmaluli epizodebis qeq-
va da saaSkaraoze gamotana (me rom uzneoba, urcxvoba da
Seubralebloba mgonia), – aRar aris gasakicxi da, metadre,
`dasjadi~ qmedeba.
`cnobadi feisebis~ umravlesoba arc Takilobs Tavisi in-
timuri wvrilmanebis gamofena-gayidva-gapiarebas.
xma Tu amoiRe, mogaxlian: televizia sazogadoebis sar-
kea, Cven masis `dakveTas~ vasrulebTo. ikvreba mankieri, mo-
jadoebuli wre: mayurebels awvdian adviladmosanelebel
plebeur salafavs da, imavdroulad, sabolood asamareben
mis gemovnebas.
***
farisevlebo, erideT teleekranze gamoCenas. is gama-
didebel SuSasaviT, rentgeniviT aris: pirovnebis xasiaTi,
50
zena Tu qvena miznebi da grZnobebi, isic, – cruobs Tu ara
igi, – televiziiT ufro Cndeba, vidre audio Tu beWdur
mediaSi...
***
2001 w.: erTi rusi akademikosi godebs: dRevandeli ru-
suli kapitalizmi bandituri, veluri fenomenia. inteli-
genciis 90% ver iyenebs Tavis potencials. ruseTis civi-
lizacia mudam literaturuli civilizacia iyo, masac
safrTxe elodeba. maskulturis meamboxe uzneobam didi ziani
miayena...
amgvari godeba saqarTvelosac zedmiwevniT miesadageba.
magram: igive inteleqtuali `moZRvravs~ ukrainas, rom oren-
ovnoba misi simdidrea, amitomac rusuli ena meore saxel-
mwifo enad unda aRiaros, rameTu esaa mosaxleobis 50%-is
mSobliuri ena.
esec Seni akademikosi, midi da am dros `or ruseTze~
ilaparake.
ra dReSia dRes ukraina da rogor`icavs~ ruseTi rusul-
enovan mosaxleobas, – daujerebeli da Zrwolismomgvrelia.
qarTveli
52
nona kupreiSvili
65
vleba Zalian faqizi, Zalian saTuTi, zedapirze pawawina Car-
CoSi moqceuli, magram siRrmeSi usasrulod wasuli gancda.
66
uamravi ideaa moqceuli wignSi amgvar erTi monasmiT
Sesrulebul striqonebSi, zustad SerCeuli zomis sityvi-
er CarCoSi. specifikuri am SemTxvevaSi isaa, rom mkiTxveli
arafris Sevsebas da konkretulad warmodgenas aRar cdi-
lobs. poeti mas pirdapir akavSirebs Tavis azrTan, zogjer
metaforiT, sakmaod xSirad – sruliad sada da usamkaulo
striqonebiT an striqoniT. axla mkiTxvelis winaSe am saT-
qmelis mTlianad SgrZnebis, Secnobisa da gaazrebis amocana
wamoiWreba. guCa kvaracxelias poezia mis gonebasac mimar-
Tavs d gulsac – erTdroulad da pirdapir.
***
`gulCaxveuli butkoebi
elodebian
rodis gadaikiskisebs dila~
***
`gon da muxlwarTmeuli
CaeSva balaxSi
xidan gadaCexili Crdili~.
termini – metaforebi
68
an arqetipi
`atatebuli SviliT xelSi
soflis pirispir,
midis deda –
maradiuli martoxela~.
82
sofo wulaia
89
miranda tyeSelaSvili
P.S.
albaT imitom, rom daaxloebiT erTsa da imave periods
daemTxva maTi nawarmoebebis popularoba, araerTxel gam-
Cenia survili aka morCilaZisa da boris akuninis bestse-
lerebs Soris msgavsebis daZebnisa.
arada daZebnac ar sWirdeba, isedac Cans da igi ara mxo-
lod garegnuli, bevrad ufro Rrmaa. daviwyoT iqidan, rom
profesiiT istorikosebs, giorgi axvlediansa da grigori
CxartiSvils ise mWidrod SeezardaT mwerlebis – aka mor-
CilaZisa da boris akuninis niRbebi, Znelia mixvde, romelia
mTavari personaJi da romeli – gamogonili.
aq da axla amis xseneba saWirod imitom CavTvale, rom qve-
moT motanil CxartiSvili-akuninis erT-erTi interviudan
amonarids avtori rom ar eweros, Tavisuflad SeiZleboda is
aka morCilaZis sityvebad migveCnia:
`dRemde xandaxan meCveneba, rom es yvelaferi sizmaria.
bavSvobidan aTasnair istoriebs vigonebdi, magram 40 wlamde
aravisTvis momiyolia, raRac Sinagani, privatuli TamaSiviT
iyo, ar mifiqria, sazogadoebriv-sabazro interess Tu Se-
iZenda. iseTi aSkarad araseriozuli sagnis materializacia,
rogoric fantaziaa, saocari ramea...
xSirad amboben, rom mwerali ityueba an keklucobs, roca
acxadebs, rom wignebs sakuTari siamovnebisTvis wers. wigne-
101
bi yovelTvis imitom iwereba, rom sxva adamianebma waikiTxon.
Tumca, yovelTvis ase rodia. SesaniSnavia, Tuki waikiTxaven
da daafaseben kidec, magram homo scribens-i is arsebaa, romel-
sac mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SuZlia Tavsatex sakiTxSi garkve-
va, Tuki mas werilobiT teqstad aqcevs. literatura erTad-
erTi saSualebaa, Sexedo cxovrebas ucxos TvaliT, icxovro
kidec sxvisi cxovrebiT. xelovnebis sxva arcerTi dargi aseT
SesaZleblobas ar iZleva.
da bolos, yvelaze mTavari, mwerali boris akunini wers
mravaltomian dokumentur wigns ruseTis istoriis Sesaxeb.
`rodesac vfiqrob Cem samSobloze, ruseTze (qarTuli war-
moSobis miuxedavad, misi samSoblo namdvilad ruseTia (avt.),
miCndeba kiTxva, ratom aris is aseTi dRes, ratom xdeba es
da ar xdeba sxva ram. gamiCnda Sinagani moTxovnileba amaSi
garkvevisa... istorikosis ganaTleba maqvs, magram ruseTis
istorias vwer istorikosis ki ara, mwerlis TvaliT, Sevec-
debi gavigo, ratom gvaqvs iseTi qveyana, rogoric gvaqvs, ra
aris masSi kargi da ra cudi~.
102
Tamar CixlaZe
111
maka joxaZe
***
meoce saukunis ormocdaaTiani wlebis Tbilisi. solo-
laki, jafariZis quCa #13, saxli, patara qalaqebisaTvis uCve-
ulod vrceli sadarbazoTi. rCeba STabeWdileba, rom Seno-
bis dagegmarebaSi, naxevari teritoria sadarbazo moednebze
gaTvala arqiteqtorma. swored es qmnis, albaT, saparado
ganwyobilebas, sixalvaTisaTvis damaxasiaTebel sigriles da
ara sicives, TviT zamTris yinvian dReebSic ki...
or kviraSi erTxel SabaT saRamos, rogorc wesi, dedaCe-
mis Zmis, avdid Carkvianis ojaxs vstumrobdiT. danarCeni
dReebi klara cetkinisa da kamos quCebze mcxovreb deidebze
nawildeboda. aseve ritmulad da gegmazomierad gamoCnde-
bodnen CvenTan, gogolis quCaze, `oqros ubanSi~. dedaCemi
da-Zmebs Soris nabolara iyo da am rituals gansakuTrebuli
sisaTuTiTa da movaleobis grZnobiT ekideboda. es iyo Tbi-
lisuri ojaxebis Zvirfasi rituali, dauwereli kanoniT,
romelic Cems axalgazrdobaSic, iqneb inerciiTac, magram
jer kidev sruldeboda. mere da mere, iseve rogorc uamravi
sasikeTo ram, es tradiciac TandaTan moiSala.
sadarbazo moednis marjvniv, marmarilos morkaluli
kibe, Tavisi lamazi CuqurTmebiT inkustrirebuli moajiriT
zarzeimiT miuyveboda mesame sarTuls. drois bavSvuri Seg-
rZnebebiTa da ganzomilebiT es svla imdenad didxans grZel-
deboda, Cemi fantazia iqve `stelas~ baRSi nanaxi filmidan
aTasi kadris warmodgenas aswrebda.
kibis Tavidan ki iwyeboda aseve vrceli, parketdagebuli
grZeli derefani, susti, mqrqali ganaTebiT. derefnis orive
mxares binebi iyo Cawikwikebuli da TiTqmis yvela karze ak-
inZul furclebTan erTad Zafgamobmuli fanqrebic ekida.
nebimier momsvlels, romelsac maspinZeli Sin ar daxvdeboda,
112
SeeZlo, informacia am `gamogonebis~ wyalobiT daetovebina.
yvelaze xSirad da mWidrod vaso mWedlovis `bloknotis~
furclebi ivseboda nairnairi xelnawerebiT da deda mixsni-
da – es imitom, rom batoni vaso bavSvTa Zalian kargi eqimia
da pacientebi xSirad Sinac akiTxaveno.
derefnis boloSi ki farTo kari sayvarlad anaTebda da
rac ufro vuaxlovdebodi am kars, raRacnairi sasiamovno
JruanteliT vTbebodi.
karis orive mxares, kuTxeebSi muxis Zveleburi xis kas-
rebi iyo kedelTan midgmuli – nivriT, niaxuriTa da wiTeli
wiwakiT piramotenili pamidvrisa da WarxliT Seferili
kombostos mwniliT savse, rac imas niSnavda, rom Carkviane-
bis guluxvi ojaxi grZeli derefnis nebismier mobinadres
ocdaoTxi saaTi maspinZlobda da mezoblebs, rogorc saku-
Tari Widan wyali, maTTvis gankuTvnili kasrebidan nebismier
dros SeeZloT madisaRmZvreli surnelovani mJavis amoReba.
deda gadaatrialebda Tu ara zaris pawia frTebs, karic
wamSi ixsneboda, TiTqos iqve idgnen da Sen gelodnen. Tamba-
qos trestis mmarTvelobis mere, biZaCemi im wlebSi, Tu ar
vcdebi, TeleTis meurneobis direqtorad muSaobda da am
ojaxSi, SeiZleba iTqvas, dRe da Rame sufra iyo gaSlili.
Jurulebis sufra rom daxata Tavis `rkinis TeatrSi~ oTar
WilaZem, sul mgonia, Carkvianebis aulagebel sufrebs Seasxa
mxatvrulad xorci. miT ufro, rom Zmeb WilaZeebTan erTad
am ojaxSi yofna Zalian uyvardaT: nodar dumbaZes, givi sam-
sonaZes, tariel Wanturias, givi gegeWkors, emzar kvitaiS-
vils da kidev vin mosTvlis, vis aRar...
gansakuTrebiT givi samsonaZe miyvarda, `lialia Corna-
ias~ meZaxda da mis romeliRac simReras xSirad mamRerebda
`Savtuxa gogos~.
sakuTari Svilebis – jansuRis (janukis), jimSeris (jimis)
da luizas garda maTTan gamudmebiT izrdeboda, studento-
bis wlebs atarebda da rogorc ityvian, frTiandeboda rome-
lime Soreuli Tu axlo naTesavis biWi an gogo, am ojaxidanve
xdeboda maTi gamziTveba, niSnobisa Tu simboluri saqor-
wilo sufrebis gaSla da momavali, damoukidebeli cxovre-
113
bis dalocva. es yvelaferi, ra Tqma unda, bicolaCemis, pisti
gelovanis damsaxureba iyo upirveles yovlisa, Torem dila-
uTenia saxlidan gasuli biZaCemi, Tavisi samsaxuris gamo gvi-
anobamde saerTod ver Semodioda Sin.
xalxmravlobis miuxedavad saocrad sada da mSvidi iyo am
binis interieri TiTze CamosaTvleli, mxolod aucilebeli
avejiT. did sastumro oTaxSi e.w. `zalaSi~ xis Zveleburi
taxti idga nairnairi baliSebiTa da muTaqebiT, SuaSi – didi
magida venuri skamebiT. aqve idga pianino, piupitris qvemoT
oqrosfrad amotvifruli firmis saxelwodebiT `красный ок-
тябрь~, romelzec Tavisi grZeli, Tlili TiTebiT xSirad uk-
ravda luiza, xandaxan jimic miujdeboda, oRond gitaraze
guram bzvanelis simRerebs rom daiwyebda, mis mosmenas mainc
araferi merCia. momcro hols maRali, patara mrgvali magida
amSvenebda Tavisi baxram-burTulebiani xaverdis gadasafa-
rebliT. iqve idga ori masiuri savarZeli da Savi xis tansac-
mlis sakidi, e.w. `veSolka~.
biWebis sawoli oTaxis TavTiT Zveleburi gobeleni eki-
da monacrisfro-moWaobisfro romeliRac holandiuri sko-
lis peizaJiT. mopirdapire mxares ki Ria feris `Sifonerka~
idga, romlis gaminul marcxena mxarezec espanur tansacmel-
Si gamowyobili (gitariani) wyvili cekvavda.
Cveni stumrobisas an mxvdeboda, an aucileblad Semoixe-
davda ulamazesi lia siWinava, Tavisi taftis `iubkiTa~ da wi-
Teli pomadiT. iseTi TeTri kani hqonda, bavSvsac ki mindoda
xeli Camomesva loyaze da Sememowmebina, cvilisa iyo Tu namd-
vili. lia mJReri, xalisiani xmiT gamudmebiT raRac mxiarul
ambebs yveboda. `lia yvelaze lamazi gogoa~, ambobda jimi,
`da yvelaze magari Camcmeli~, agrZelebda da Tvals mikrav-
da januki `oRond egaa, mezoblis qalia~, Tavs moisawylebda
jimi, `mezoblis qals xels nu axleb~, wauRiRinebda jansuRi
da iyo erTi Jivil-xivili bavSvobidan marTla daZmebiviT
Sezrdil liasa da Cems biZaSvilebs Soris. biWebi imasac am-
bobdnen, CvenTan ar megobrobs ise, rogorc dedasTano.
arasodes damaviwydeba am Tbiliselma `yvelaze lamazma
da yvelaze magarma Camcmelma `swiliagam~ saocrad gulSi-
114
Camwvdomi sityvebiT rogor daitira gardacvlili bicola-
Cemi. es iyo gamoTxoveba ara mxolod Zvirfas, sayvarel ada-
mianTan, aramed sakuTar axalgazrdobasTanac.
marto mezoblis liasi ara, luizas uklebliv yvela me-
gobris mesaidumlec `paSa andreevna~ iyo, ase moixseniebdnen
isini bicolaCems.
gansakuTrebuli xalisiT saaxalwlo dReebSi mimiwevda
Carkvianebisaken guli. aseTi veeberTela, mxrebgaSlili naZ-
vis xeebi, maTi oTxmetriani simaRlis Wers rom iyo mibjeni-
li da aTasfrad cimcimebda, mxolod artos baRSi, cirkis
saaxalwlo maneJze da pionerTa sasaxleSi Tu menaxa.
Cvenebis mezobeli iyo batoni konstantine gamsaxurdi-
ac, romelic `avdid efremiCs~, `baton avdids~ eZaxda da nar-
dis saTamaSod xSirad stumrobda. ra Tqma unda, sxvebisgan
gansxvavebiT, moulodnelad arasodes moadgeboda kars, wi-
naswar darekavda SesaTanxmeblad. biZisagan gamigonia – mag
dalocvili `aziackebidan~ dawyebuli iseTi gamowkepili Se-
modioda yurisZiridan, rom saSinaod gadacmuli iZulebuli
viyavi gamexada da mec sagangebod Cacmul-daxuruli dav-
xvedrodio.
Carkvianebis kari arasodes iketeboda da es tradicia
maSinac gagrZelda, roca jansuRi colSvilTan erTad ukve
calke gadavida sacxovreblad.
jansuRi
***
Cemi nawerebiT araerTgzis mivferebivar da profesi-
onaluradac ganmixilavs misi saocari da CemTvis Zalian say-
vareli Semoqmedeba.
axla siurprizis gunebaze var da minda, sayvarel poetsa
da biZaSvils is sityva movasmenino, romlis Tqmasac `sameb-
lis~ taZarSi gamarTul oTxmoci wlis saiubileo saRamoze
vapirebdi da mweralTa kavSiris mesveurebma me da rostom Cx-
eiZes sityva ar gvaTqmevines. arada, patriarqiTa da namdvili
115
poetebiT dawyebuli, Zveli partiuli nomenklaturiTa Tu
sazogadoebisaTvis absoluturad ucnobi poeziis moyvaru-
li e.w. mopoeteso qalbatonebiT damTavrebuli, vin aRar ulo-
cavda jansuRs... gulZviri ara var da vin icis, Cveni ubeduri
samSoblos gadamkide, ramdeni piraduli wyena gamqrala CemSi
SarSanwindeli TovliviT. es wyena ki ver daviviwye. ar vici,
ratom, iqneb imitom, rom igi taZris TaRebqveS unda gaxmi-
anebuliyo da ara romelime klubisa Tu Teatris ficarnagze.
mas mere kai oTxi welia gasuli, Tu meti ara da roca alma-
nax `kritikis~ redaqtorma manana kvaWantiraZem rubrika
`portretebi ojaxur interierSi~ Carkvianebi SemomTavaza,
gavifiqre, jansuRis portrets maSin verTqmuli sityviT
axla davxatavdi. ai, es sityvac:
erTxel didma portugalielma poetma Junkeirom, Turme,
migel de unamunos mimarTa – ramdenadac vici Tanamedrove
espanelebs namdvili poeti ar unda gyavdeT, radgan samo-
qalaqo omis dros me ar gamigonia yvirili ki ara, maTi xmac
ki saerTod. Semcbar unamunos upasuxia – Tqven albaT patri-
ot poetebs gulisxmobTo, razedac gakvirvebul Junkeiros
uTqvams – SesaZloa, Cinovniki, sociologi, bankiri, filo-
sofosic ki ar iyos patrioti. magram poeti, romelic pat-
rioti araa da ver xedavs, ra xdeba mis garSemo, ra Tqma unda,
poeti ver iqneba. male Tqveni qveyana Wrilobebsac moiSuSebs,
ekonomiuradac gaimarTebiT welSi, magram samudamod darCe-
ba gancda, rom am Znelbedobis Jams Tqven poeti ar gyoliaT...
***
gamoCenis dRidan, roca TiTqmis bavSvs gogla leoniZem
gza dauloca, jansuRi Tavis samSoblos sul hyavda.
igi ar icvleba. dResac, TviT uaRresad mRvrie da meryev
droSic ki misi umTavresi postulati – `mTavari mainc ma-
muli aris, gansacvifreblad aris mTavari~ – yovelwamier
aRmoCenad rCeba. jansuR Carkvianis paTosi imdenad siRrmi-
seuli da bunebrivia, rom erTbaSad gadamdebi xdeba. TiTqos
salaSqrod Seyril meomrebs kidev erTxel SeuZaxebs, amxne-
vebs, afrTxilebs sakuTar xalxs, sakuTar sisxlsa da xorcs
116
amunaTebs, anjRrevs, afxizlebs, rogorc es wlebis winaT
xdeboda, roca winaswarmetyvelur poemas `rwmenis kedels~
werda.
laRi da Tavisufalia jansuRi Tavisi bunebiT. swored
amitom ase kargad esmis RvTisagan boZebuli Tavisuflebisa
da misi mofrTxilebis fasi. amis arcodnasa da ganucdelobas
araerTi adamiani uqcevia sakuTari codvebis mZevlad:
irma
***
– i c x o v r e s a m d r o S i – Cvens biblioTekas irma
CxeiZis naCuqari swored es wigni amSvenebs Semdegi warweriT:
`Cems makas da akakis – siyvaruliT da mokrZalebiT.
i. CxeiZe
27. VIII. 09.~
Tako
***
Tako Carkviani irma giganze naklebi vunderkindi ar gax-
ldaT Tavis droze. magram mamamisisa ar iyos, misi daudegari
bunebidan gamomdinare, yovelTvis vgrZnobdi, rom gamudme-
125
biT 5-6 saaTi erT adgilze jdoma, Tundac sayvarel instru-
mentTan, misTvis Zneli iqneboda.
iqneb me axla im `sizarmaces~ vamarTleb, romelic, kacma
ar icis, iyo Tu ar iyo mis musikalur cxovrebaSi. an iqneb,
Tako rom pianistis profesias bolomde ar Seewira, es de-
dis rbili xasiaTis bralicaa. aseTi araordinaluri bavSve-
bis `damorCileba~ da formaSi yofna xom mkacri disciplinis
sruli ganawesiT, SeboWviTa (artaxebis moWeriTa) da mocar-
tis mamis daundoblobiTac xdeba xSirad. iqneb, am saerTa-
Soriso asparezze srulyofilad gasvlas talantTan erTad
sxva brZolis Jini da sxva saxsaric sWirdeboda... gana cota
niWi Camqrala moSurneTa Tu `keTilismosurneTa~ xelis SeS-
liTa da e.w. sponsorTa ararsebobiT...
rac ar vici, ar vici, amitom Tavs uflebas ver mivcem amaze
dabejiTebiT visaubro, ubralod, Cems fiqrebsa da varaudebs
gamovTqvam. samagierod, dabejiTebiT SemiZlia vTqva, rom
Zlieri mSobeli gamodga da bibliuri igavisa ar iyos, talan-
ti miwaSi ki ar dafla da Seinaxa, aramed mis patara, genios
qaliSvils am talantis brunva da gamravlebis sixaruli
aswavla.
Tavad ki gauxednavi TeTri kviciviT Tavisuflebismoy-
vare darCa, asparezadac Tavisufali sityva airCia.
vinc mis publicistikas icnobs, ar SeiZleba jansuRis
striqoni ar gaaxsendes: `tyvia mizanSi mosaxvedria...~ Tako am
sayovelTao ganukiTxaobis Jams snaiperiviT sityvas yovel-
Tvis zusti misamarTiT agzavnis. imdenad zustad, rom `brma
tyviisgan~ gansxvavebiT, sityvis sibrmave masTan gamoricxu-
lia. amitomaa, rom keTilSobilTa suli misi sityviT ara-
sodes daWrila da Sewuxebula.
mxolod aRviraxsnilTa, xarbTa, e.w. TavisuflebiTa da
ZalauflebiT retdasxmulTa, moRalateTa da vercxlismoy-
vareTa misamarTiTaa misi sarkazmi da mware ironia mimarTu-
li, daucvelTa, daCagrulTa sulebs ki malamod efineba.
Takos stili ar aris metaforebiTa da qveteqstebiT sa-
ubari. es esTetika ufro misi faqizi moTxrobebisaTvisaa
damaxasiaTebeli, romelsac Tavis droze vrceli werili
uZRvna Cvengan udrood wasulma uniWieresma literaturis-
mcodnem zaza gogiam.
126
publicistikaSi Tako Carkvianis fiqri, warmosaxva, fan-
tazia yovelTvis realobas efuZneba da amitomaa gamWoli,
gamWvirvale. yovelgvari uxvsityvaobis, mieT-moeTis da sir-
Tuleebis gareSe. sityvis garTuleba da filosofosobana
metwil sicruidan modis da Takom icis, rom sicruis mama
eSmakia.
eSmakoba ki ara da, diplomatiac naklebad exerxeba, gan-
sakuTrebiT imaT winaSe, romelTac ase Tu ise, Cveni qveynis,
Cveni kulturis bedi abariaT. amitom sxva Tu wauyruebs, anda
sulac gauCumdeba uzneobas, usamarTlobas, amas suli exu-
Teba, TiTqos pirze xeli aafares da gagudvas upireben.
`siCume sibrZneao, bevrjer gamigonia, sxvaTa Soris ara-
sodes veTanxmebodi, Tanac mamaCemis sityvebi maxsendeba
xolme, – warmogidgenia, iliac rom gaCumebuliyo? Tumca
erTi kia, momgebiania siCume, Zalze momgebiani. gaTvale, ga-
moTvale, ai, mag raRacebiT Cems ojaxs arasodes ucxovria
da verc me maswavles... arada, rogor ginda gaCumde, roca
`sikvdilis brigada~ (rogorc xalxma Searqva) quCaSi daZ-
rwis da xalxs xocavs?.. is, rac dRes saqarTveloSi xdeba, sa-
marTaldamcavebis TvalsazrisiT, namdvili terorizmia, es
katastrofaa. Tqven SegiZliaT is nabijebi, romelsac dgamT,
sisxlis gareSe ganaxorcieloT, es Tvqeni SeRebili fasade-
bi da dagebuli gzebi ufro gamoCndeba. TiTqmis yovel ferad
SeRebil fasads sisxliT SeRebili operacia mohyveba xolme.
ratom, sisxliT gindaT SexvideT istoriaSi... es xom Zalze
iolia? amas yvela diqtatori akeTebda...~
(`haramxanis vardebis geSinodes – omar xaiam~. 2006.
`literaturuli saqarTvelo~).
marto saTaurebis moxmobac ki misi publicisturi weri-
lebisa, ara mxolod daganaxebT, aramed gagrZnobinebT – Tako
Carkvianis suliskveTebas, pozicias, is Tu rogor esmis mas
Tavisufleba da saxelmwifoebrivi azrovneba.
`me var qarTveli, ma-Sa-sa-da-me...~; `piari Tu robespieri~;
`daviwyebuli saxelmwifo, daviwyebuli ferebi~; `ra unda
icodnen `dedal-mamalma~ berbiWaSvilebma?~; `nu moZovT Cvens
qveyanas~; `qarTuli aliyuri~; `eh, amerika, amerika~ da a.S.
127
es publicistika ZiriTadad 2003-2008 wlebSia daweri-
li da Tavisi ganwyobiT, intonaciiT, ritmiT, gancdiTa da
reaqciiT absoluturad adekvaturia qveyanaSi mimdinare
procesebisa da movlenebisa. amitom im mkacri sarkazmiTa da
ironiiT, rasac xSirad iSveliebs Tako Carkviani Tavis weri-
lebSi, ki ar gZabavs da gaRizianebs, aramed eTanxmebi da im
TvalsazrisiT erTgvarad gamSvidebs kidec, rom ekzotikuri
xavsiTa da kenWebiT mokirwylul, aqvariumad gadakeTebul
Cvens qveyanaSi pirovnebebi pirSi wyalCagubebuli civsis-
xliani TevzebiviT ar dacuraven win da ukan, aramed adami-
anur reaqciebs droulad iZlevian.
umcrosi irma
(irma – mariami)
***
bolos Tako Carkvians 23-e saerTaSoriso musikaluri
festivalis `Semodgomis Tbilisis~ farglebSi gamarTul
simfoniuri musikis koncertze Sevxvdi jansuR kaxiZis saxe-
lobis musikalur centrSi.
pirvel ganyofilebaSi misi qaliSvili irma gigani as-
rulebda Sopenis koncerts fortepianosa da simfoniuri
orkestrisaTvis (#2, fa minori. Txz. 21).
imis mere, rac irma gigani 2014 wels daniis qalaq aarhu-
sis saerTaSoriso konkursis laureati gaxda, misTvis aRar
momismenia.
amjeradac saocari iyo pianistis bgeris xarisxi. kla-
viaturaze gansacvifrebeli teqnikiT dahqroda musikaluri
SegrZnebebis umdidresi palitra.
darbazi ise iyo sulganabuli, italieli maestros, mu-
sikaTmcodnisa da Teoretikosis alfredo tomatisis ter-
mini `yuris poza~ gamaxsenda. marTlac, ara mxolod darbazi,
aramed mTeli musikaluri centris Senobac ki, TiTqos erT
mTlian vardisfer yuris niJarad qceuliyo, romlis mgrZno-
biare mRvimeebSic ziarebis RvinosaviT nel-nela (TandaTan)
isxmeboda musikis gamabruebeli siTxe Tavisi maTrobela
surneliT, gemoTi, aromatiT, ase gasinjeT, temperaturiTac ki.
128
rodion SCedrinTan Sexvedrisas moskovis konservato-
riis profesorma kompozitors hkiTxa – Soubiznesis kano-
nebi klasikur musikas Seexo Tu arao. maestrom sevdianad
aRiara, klasikuri musikis Cawera-mosmena sul ufro da uf-
ro ZviradRirebul siamovnebad iqcao. miuxedavad imisa, rom
faqtebis moSveliebiT kompozitori punqtobrivad Seecada
gaZvirebis konkretul mizezTa ganmartebas, piradad me, am
movlenis ufro zogadi axsna maqvs da xsenebul tendencias
stiqiur ubedurebaTa rangSi moviazreb. radgan Cemi Rrma
rwmeniT, suli iseve inameba, xarobs da Rvivdeba RvTaebrivi
musikiT, rogorc yinviT damzrali, anda gvalviT daxeTqili
niadagi mziTa da wvimis uecari mosvliT.
im saRamos irma giganis STagonebis wyalobiT mziani dar-
bazi musikis TqorSi iyo gaxveuli. swored am didi esTeturi
sixarulis gamo ver eleoda msmeneli Tavis xelovans da `bra-
vo~, `biis~-is ZaxiliT meramdened gamohyavda scenaze.
xolo is, rac Semdeg am ulamazesma pianistma Caidina, ro-
ca roials Tavidan miujda da raxmaninovis TiTqmis ucnobi
etiudi daukra, iyo sruliad gamaognebeli, araordinaluri
Sesruleba. es ar iyo mxolod musika. es iyo mTeli drama-
turgia, Tavisi dialogiT, ucnauri intimiT or adamians, or
sulier arsebas – irma gigansa da Sav roials Soris. da Senc,
am bgeriTi speqtaklis monawile, musikas ki ara, musikiT
moTxrobil ambavs sulganabuli ugdebdi yurs.
mamuka
***
132
zoia cxadaia
143
kultura
amiran arabuli
`samzeos gamovesalme~
(yofna-aryofna.
saflavis qva da mwuxarebis sagaloblebi)
***
istorikosma SoTa mesxiam Zveli saqarTvelos sinamdvi-
leSi gamoacalkeva profesia, qvaze weris xelovnebaSi saTa-
nado gawrTvnas, gawafvasa da daostatebas rom gulisxmobs.
pirebs, romelnic xelosnobis xsenebul sferoSi sagangebo
codnasa da praqtikas iyvnen dauflebulni, `wamwerelni~
ewodebodaT. maTi xelrTvis STambeWdavi nimuSebi Cven drom-
dea Semonaxuli. gansakuTrebiT bevria da TvalSisacemi e.w.
`daqselvis~ ulamazesi wesiT amotvifruli epitafiebi XVI-
XVII ss. qvebze.
qristianuli RvTismsaxurebis moraliT da esqatolo-
giuri mrwamsiT gajerebul epitafiaTa Sinaarsi da mxatvru-
li done, rogorc qarTuli memorialuri kelturis cnobili
mkvlevari eldar nadiraZe aRniSnavs, `nasazrdoebia im kul-
turuli memkvidreobiT, romelsac ayalibebs saero da sasu-
liero literatura, xalxuri sityviereba...~
efrem mciris sanimuSod sada da Zalze lakoniuri gan-
martebiT, epitafia `sasaflaozed warwerili sityvania~.
epitafia (berZn. epitafhios – saflavi) Zvel saberZneTSi
Tavdapirvelad saflavze warmoTqmul mwuxarebis sityvas
aRniSnavda, xolo Semdgom am sityvam saflavis lodze Ses-
rulebuli mokle warweris mniSvneloba SeiZina... da ase,
146
TandaTanobiT gaCnda da gafarTovda utyvi qvis urC zeda-
pirze godebis gamxmovanebel sityvaTa amokveTis sayovel-
Tao praqtika...
saqarTvelos teritoriaze napovni Tu aRmoCenili epig-
rafikuli Zeglebisa da stelebis wyeba mowmobs, rom qar-
Tuli epitafiuri Semoqmedeba, sul cota, TxuTmeti sauku-
nis miRma iRebs saTaves.
`vin icis, ra xnidan momdinareoben is meamiti striqone-
bi, romelTac Cveni soflis saflavis qvebze vkiTxulobT?~
– svams savsebiT logikur kiTxvas vaxtang kotetiSvili. da,
marTlac, Znelia Tqma, sad da rodis gaCnda da Camoimarcvla
pirveli qarTuli epitafia; visi (didgvarovnisa Tu mdabios)
samaris qvaze amokawres Tu amokveTes zariani sityvebis Sem-
cveli winapirveli samgloviaro leqsi!..
xalxis mexsiereba samagaliTo sicxadiT icavs da inaxavs
nacionaluri zepirsityvierebis rCeul, umjobes, aRmate-
bul nimuSebs, rasac ver vityviT epitafiis Sesaxeb. xnovani
xalxuri leqsis am TavisTavad, specifikur nairsaxeobas
gavrcelebis zepiri gza TiTqmis ar hqonia, ris gamo (albaT)
Zalze mravali epitafia saukunod aris gamqrali da gadavi-
wyebuli. xanmoTeul saflavis qvebs xavsi, suro da miwa fa-
ravs. dro gadis da sul ufro da ufro Zneldeba maTze data-
nili momcro leqsebis amokiTxva da gadmowera. mitovebul,
upatronod darCenil, samnebmoSlil samarovnebTan erTad
mkvrivi nisliT ibureba ucnob, usaxelo meleqseTa naivuri
Semoqmedeba...
zepiri gziT epitafiis gauvrceleblobis mizezi mis ka-
merul xasiaTSicaa saZebari. konkretuli pirovnebis sa-
maris lodze warwerili leqsi, mxatvrul saxeTa uaRresi
zogadobisa da stereotipulobis gamo, mimoqcevis vrcel as-
parezze ver xvdeba, Seqmnis adgilzeve rCeba da misi adresa-
tis xsovnis kvaldakval mkrTaldeba, kargavs `aqtualobas~,
sicocxlisunarianobas da efareba Tvals... epitafias aqvs
sruliad garkveuli, mizanmimarTuli Sinaarsobrivi dat-
virTva da erTob upretenzio, `pragmatuli~ daniSnuleba:
Zalze mokled, SekumSulad, arsebiTi Strixebis aqcentire-
147
biTa da xazgasmiT gvamcnos gardacvlilis amsofliuri
Rvawli, damsaxureba da mizezi misi drouli Tu naadrevi
aRsasrulisa...
epitafiis tradiciuli nimuSebisTvis niSandoblivia
siuJeturi gaSla-ganviTarebis, saTqmelis vrclad gadmo-
cemisa Tu momxdari ambis detalizaciis mxriv maqsimaluri
`TavSekaveba~. epitafia, amasTan, `koleqtiuri~ azrovne-
bis reliefuri gamovlinebaa, ufro sworad, misi azrobrivi
ganzomileba Tu saxeobrivi sistema xalxis wignierebis, in-
teleqtualuri donisa da mxatvrul-esTetikuri gemovnebis
Sesatyvisia.
individualuri xalxuri meleqse, gansxvavebiT profe-
sionali, `wignieri~ poetisagan, mTeli Tavisi arsebiT aris
dakavSirebuli da `mibmuli~ masasTan, misi cxovrebis wesTan,
yoveldRiurobasTan, msoflxedvasa da sulier wyobasTan.
igi, ase vTqvaT, nebayoflobiTi `mZevalia~ im socialuri fe-
nis gemovnebisa, romelsac ekuTvnis. misi mowodeba da mova-
leobaa, tradicia imegzuros, iwinamZRvros, winamorbedTa
zepiri Semoqmedebis Tematur da ideur arealSi itrialos,
maTTvis misaReb sityvier samoselSi moaqcios saTqmeli, kar-
gad nacnob, nacad, aprobirebul gzaze gamoscados Tavisi
poeturi SesaZlebloba, niWi da potenciali.
poeturi folkloris kanonikuri struqturis ugulve-
belyofa, stabiluri tropuli sistemis daSla, darRveva da
ignorireba WeSmaritad `Sum~ xalxur meleqses ar SeuZlia.
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi misi Semoqmedeba aRar iqneba fol-
kloruli, am terminis swori, marTebuli, adekvaturi gage-
biT. gezi, romelic mas aqvs aRebuli, aswleulebis wiaRSi
hpovebs dasabams. tradiciuli Tu trafaretuli poeturi
formulebiT apelireba da Sablonuri frazeologiis erT-
guleba meleqsisaTvis imgvarive imanenturi maxasiaTeb-
lebia, rogoric profesionali kalmosnisTvis – siaxlis
mudmivi. mouwyinari wyurvili, novatorobis Singani moTxov-
nileba, gansaxovnebis axal-axali mxatvruli xerxebis Zieba
da TavisTavadobisken ganiadagebuli swrafva.
imisda miuxedavad, rom folklorizmisTvis savaldebu-
lo yvela umTavres moTxovnas (koleqtiuroba, Seqmna-gav-
148
rcelebis zepiri gza da a.S.) ver pasuxobs, mainc SeiZleba
iTqvas: Zveli qarTuli saflavis qvebis sityvieri samkaulis
anu epitafiebis didze-didi nawili folklorulia imdenad,
ramdenadac masSi mkafiod Cans da ikiTxeba yofna-aryofnis
`primatiuli~ filosofia da xalxuri koncefcia, sikvdili-
sadmi is uSualo, bunebrivi damokidebuleba, rac poeturi
folklorisaTvis aris Tanamdevi da niSandoblivi...
epitafias, mwuxarebiT gaWeqil da gajerebul `sityvans~,
araa aucilebeli, maincdamainc aRmavali ritmi da leqsis
grafikuli saxe hqondes. pirvel pirSi `warmoTxrobili~
uaRresad mwiri da lakoniuri ambavi, romelic gardacvli-
lis oriod biografiul monacems gvawvdis da zogjer misi
sikvdilis mizezsac miuTiTebs, epitafiaa. im garemoebas,
tkivili leqsad gaformdeba Tu prozad, rogorc Cans, ar
unda hqondes gadamwyveti mniSvneloba. mTavaria, warweram
mxilvelis yuradReba daimsaxuros da Sendoba aRirsos `ama
lodsa qveSe~ mdebare adamians
epitafiuri leqsis lirikuli gmiri Tavis daTalxul,
uiRblo, usixarulo cxovrebaze moTqvams, mis `meditaciaSi~
xazgasmulia sawuTros simokle, simkacre da daundobloba;
ismis gulsaklavi Civili kacTa sicocxlis ucnaurobasa da
Seucnoblobaze. Zireuli motivebi da ganStoebani qarTuli
epitafiuri Semoqmedebisa mdgradia da ucvleli: usazRvro
samduravi uxano soflisa, gmoba gulqva da Seubralebeli
sikvdilisa, wuxili unugeSod mitovebuli ojaxis wevrebis
gamo, SiSnarevi gancda civ miwaSi `STaxdomisa~ da iq samuda-
mod darCenisa, dabinavebisa...
tradiciuli epitafiis TviTeuli sityva Tu taepi abso-
luturad dokumenturia da momxdari ambis obieqtur dasu-
raTxatebas warmoadgens...
samaris qvaze amokveTili epitafia, adamianis figura da
misi Sromisa Tu saomari iaraRebis gamosaxulebani erTurTs
avseben, amdidreben, esatyvisebian da, xSir SemTxvevaSi, sav-
sebiT sando informacia miaqvT mxilvelamde gansvenebulis
vinaobaze, sadaurobaze; im xelobasa Tu profesiaze, rasac
is flobda, misdevda da emsaxureboda.
149
qvaTa mxatvruli morTulobis yoveli did-patara deta-
li Tu elementi (borjRali, saxlis TaRi da svetebi, jvari,
doqi, guTani, uremi, cxvari, cxeni, Tevzi, yurZnis mtevani)
saqarTvelos ama Tu im kuTxis mkvidrTa mravalsaukunovan
sameurneo praqtikas, saqmianobis sferos, yofiT Tavisebu-
rebebs, arqaul rwmena-warmodgenebsa da kosmogoniur Sexe-
dulebebs asaxavs da ukavSirdeba.
epitafia, garda imisa, rom gaaCnia TviTkmari mxatvrul-
esTetikuri Rirebuleba, utyuari da umniSvnelovanesi sais-
torio wyaroa, romlis wyalobiT advilad SeiZleba dadgena,
aswleulebis winaT vis ekuTvnoda sadReisod sadavo teri-
toriebi Tu sasazRvro zonebi Cveni qveynis e.w. `cxel wer-
tilebSi~. sarwmunoa da didad faseuli qvaTa RaRadi. SeuZ-
lebelia misi gabaTileba gamogonili argumentebiT. amasTan
dakavSirebiT qarTuli simbolikis kvalificiuri mkvlevari
ir. surgulaZe wers: `...swored saflavis Zeglebia TavianTi
adgil-samyofelis, e.i. saqarTvelos istoriuli terito-
riis saukeTeso damcvelebi. maTTvis ucxoa uprincipoba da
kompromisi, romelic Cven, – dRevandel cocxlebs, – gvaxa-
siaTebs. ucxoebi maT anadgureben, radgan maTSi grZnoben
Seurigebel mowinaaRmdeges, CvenTan ki, ama Tu im formiT
garigebas axerxeben, magram maT ver gaurigdebi. amdenad, mama-
papis saflavis qvebi karia saqarTvelosi~.
Sinaarsobrivi nairferovnebiT, mxatvruli eqspresiiT
da, gnebavT, raodenobrivi TvalsazrisiT, qarTul zepirsi-
tyvierebaSi udavod gansakuTrebuli, gamorCeuli adgili
aqvs mikuTvnebuli mosagonrebs, `mkvdris leqsebs~ anu, e. vir-
salaZis mier gudamayarSi dafiqsirebuli termini rom mo-
viSvelioT, `anderZT~.
yoveli kulturuli eris xalxur poeziaSi saucxoo si-
zustiTaa ukufenili misi zepiri, dauwereli istoria; aR-
nusxulia didi Tu mcire masStabisa da rezonansis lokaluri
ambebi da movlenebi, romelTac meistorie, marTlismoubari
JamTaaRmweri, garkveul mizezTa gamo, ver gadmoscemda,
Tavis TvalsawierSi ver moaqcevda.
ar darCenila qarTvelTa cxovrebis arcerTi sfero Tu
mxare, arc SfoTiani da arc mSvidobiani, meleqseTa maxvili
150
mzera rom ar miwvdomoda; ar darCenila cotad Tu bevrad
gaxmianebuli movlena, xalxis rigebidan gamosul `ubralo~
mgosanTa TvalTaxedvis areSi rom ar moxvedriliyo.…
mravalgvaria mizezi, impulsi, sarCuli Tu safuZveli,
ris niadagzec aTeulobiT saCino, maRalmxatvruli mosago-
nari leqsi iTqva da gavrcelda.
gansxvavebiT improvizirebuli natirlebisagan, mosago-
nari leqsi mis adresatad sagulvebeli adamianis gardac-
valebidan garkveuli drois gasvlis Semdeg iqmneba, rac `ex-
mareba~ mis avtors (xSirad anonims, vinaobagauCinarebuls),
auCqareblad, zedmeti emociuri gancdebisgan gantvirTul-
ma `amoTqvas~ axloblis gardacvalebiT gamowveuli piradi
dardi da wuxili.
yovel mosagonars, msgavsad natirlebisa, cxovrebise-
uli sinamdvile aZlevs dasabams. am saxis leqsi pirwmindad
dokumenturi xasiaTisaa. SesaZloa gardacvlilis daxasi-
aTebaSi misi pozitiuri niSan-Tvisebebi utirebuladac iyos
warmosaxuli, magram zedmiwevniT zusti da utyuaria amba-
vi, romelic mosagonarTa siuJetur safanelsa da xerxemals
Seadgens. `mkvdris leqsis~ uCinari, upretenzio avtori mar-
Tlis Tqmis principis Tanmimdevruli damcveli da gamtare-
belia. igi bejiTad misdevs sinamdviles da nakleb gasaqans
aZlevs fantazias, Tumca mxatvruli warmosaxvis mxriv srul
SemoqmedebiT Tavisuflebas avlens da ar avalebs Tavis Tavs
momxdari SemTxvevis meqanikuri, naturalisturi aslis Seq-
mnas. mosagonarTa `maTqvamebad~ swored iseTi pirovnebani
gvevlinebian (Tuki cnobilia maTi vinaoba), suliT xorcamde
rom ganicdian mokeTe-megobarTa dakargvas da Zalas ar
iSureben, raTa sakadrisad Seaqon, samagaliTod dasaxon da
daaxasiaTon Rirseuli micvalebuli.…
mosagonrebSi qarTveli eris uZvelesis rwmena-warmod-
genebis araerTi simptomuri waxnagia warmoCenili. cis mana-
Tobel sxeulTa astraluri simbolika Tu xSuli sasufevlis
qufri da naRvliani garemo mkafiod aris areklili `mkvdris
leqsebSi~…. adamianis sazRvruli sicocxle ganuyofelia misi
garemomcveli sinamdvilisgan; misi miwieri, amqveyniuri ar-
151
sebobis xangrZlivoba dasabamSivea gansazRvruli da gadawy-
vetili uzenaes bWeTa anu `bedis mweralTa~ mier. da yovelive
es, makro da mikrokosmosis ganuyofeli mTlianoba, movle-
naTa urTierTkavSiri, erT umTavres, uZiriTades motivad
ikveTeba mosagonarTa rkalis xalxur poeziaSi.
…cneba-termini `anderZni~ calsaxad mianiSnebs mosago-
narTa erT `Tandayolil~ mxatvrul Taviseburebaze: am rigis
leqsTa didi nawili marTlac anderZis, anda, SeiZleba asec
iTqvas, danabarebis saxiTaa warmodgenili. mTqmel-infor-
matorTa zepirpoetur repertuarSi gardacvlili qali Tu
kaci Suamavlis unariT aRWurvili meleqsis ena-piriT uT-
vlis da avalebs am qveynad darCenil sakuTar meuRles, oja-
xis wevrebsa Tu tol-megobrebs, ra unda moimoqmedon, ro-
gor unda moiqcnen, mis suls rom argon da aamon saiqioSi.
165
RmerTma daswyios cremli Cemi,
RorRiviT ari, xalxo, mZime!
me Tavada var satirali,
me Tavada var daRoneba, –
xmeleTze fexiT moaruli...
***
mTiel tomTa yofis yaidam mawieri niadagi Seamzada
sagmiro Tematikis momcveli xalxuri poeziis Casaxvisa
da ganviTarebisaTvis... saqarTvelos Znelbedobam droTa
ganmavlobaSi gamokveTa naTelmosili saxe samSoblosTvis
Tavdadebuli kai ymisa, visi simamace, saomari suliskveTeba
da Zal-Rone TanamiwawylelTa sakeTildReod iyo mimar-
Tuli... Tavneba sikvdilis ulmobeli faqti erTiorad zrdi-
da da amZafrebda xalxis mwuxarebas da, amasTan, siyvarulsa
da pativiscemas Tem-soflis modaraje saimedo vaJkacisadmi.
aseTi sikvdili (metwilad mtris xeliT) kuTxis Tu regionis
saerTo ubedurebad, saerTo danaklisad aRiqmeboda...
piradi interesebiT mozRuduli personebisgan brZo-
lebSi maSvrali kai yma bevri ramiT gansxvavdeba da gamo-
irCeva. misTvis kacuri Rirsebis gansazRvreli aucilebeli
pirobaa sindis-namusisa Tu saxel-sircxvilis mofrTxileba
da SeubRalavad dacva. igi TvistomTa zneobrivi simTelis,
TanamemamuleTa moraluri siwmindis ebgurad dgas da Tav-
dauzogavad iRwvis adaTobrivi normebis xelmyofTa, gvaris
`momyivneTa~ Tu mama-papis wmida saxelebis mTxrelTa da ma-
ginebelTa winaaRmdeg ...
kai ymis naTqvam-namoqmedars waruvali Rirebulebis zne-
obrivi magaliTis Zala gaaCnda. misi wyalobiT swavlobda
jerac uwveruli yma ufros-umcrosobis dauwerel wess, av-
kargis garCevas, moyvasis dafasebasa da mterTan mtrul mo-
qcevas, samSoblos ugono, upirobo siyvaruls ... amitomac
dahyolia xmiT natirlebs didi aRmzrdelobiTi mniSvneloba
... araa SemTxveviTi, rom al. yazbegi `zaris~ daniSnulebaSi
didaqtikis ZvelTaZvel tradicias xedavs da am tradiciis
Senaxva-SenarCunebis aucileblobas qadagebs...
166
cnobilia, ra ganuzomlad masStabur Sinaarss debda da
gulisxmobda vaJa-fSavela sintagmaSi `kai yma~, rogorad war-
moedgina sxvisTvis garjili, najafi, cdaSi nawrTobi, bev-
rjer simwarenawvnevi da omSi daxarjuli idealuri gmiris
zogadi saxe… ... amis saukeTeso ilustraciaa misi Sedevri
`kai yma~.
xmiT natirlebis ramdenime tipiur nimuSSi mkafiodaa
CamonakvTuli da warmoCenili kai ymis rogorc garegani
ieri, ise misi sulieri saxe.
rogorc Tav-bolo gamagrebuli, mkvidrad nagebi cixe-
simagrea saso da nugeSi momxvduris garemocvaSi myofTaTvis,
ise kai yma, Cauqi vaJkaci, vinc, sagmiro leqsis eniT, `mTelis
Temobis karia~. ukeTesTa mjobni moymis sikvdili Tavdac-
viTi daniSnulebis nagebobis daqcevas utoldeba, simagris
CamoSla ki avi momavlis, mtrisgan Zlevis mauwyebelia.
***
xmiT natirlebi imarxaven, acocxleben da inaxaven lo-
kalur ambebs, xSirad Zalze mkrTalsa da nakluls, romelTa
SuagulSi `TvalWreli~ Tu `TmayviTeli~ sandomiani qalebi
dganan.
aRsaniSnavia erTi ram: raodenobrivi Tanafardoba qal-
Ta da mamakacTa gardacvalebis niadagze `naTqvam~ xmiT na-
tirlebs Soris aSkarad `darRveulia~: vaJebs bevrad meti
(da aRmatebuli) natirali eZRvnebaT, vidre qalebs. mizezi
amgvari viTarebisa naTelia: xmiT natiralTa erTi Ziri-
Tadi mxatvruli funqcia (da pragmatuli daniSnulebac!) xom
168
velze daRupuli vaJkacebis Sesxma da maTi saniSansveto war-
sulis gacxadebaa. marTalia, Tavisi `dRe-weriT~ gardacv-
lilTac dastirodnen leqsad, arc stiqias Sewirul saimedo
axalgazrdebs aklebdnen da amadlidnen safer sityvas, mag-
ram mainc, momTqmelTa gacilebiT met yuradRebasa da sim-
paTias laSqrobaSi, mzirsa da mekoparSi saxelis mompovebeli
kai ymebi imsaxurebdnen...
qalTa rolis xvedriTi wili mTielTa heroikul istori-
aSi SedarebiT uCinari da umniSvnelo iyo. amitomac isini na-
klebad xvdebodnen sagmiro-samgloviaro himnebis jadoqar
avtorTa Taviseburi oratoruli xelovnebis orbitSi...
xmiT natirali gardacvlil qals, pirvel rigSi, misi
qaluri Rirsebebis gaxsenebiTa da CamoTvliT amkobs da
alazaTianebs. ar uviwyebs sikeTesa da saTnoebas, mcnobTa
da axlobelTa Soris rom dauTesia. amasTan, Seaxsenebs mova-
leobas, saiqioSi Sesulma rom unda Seasrulos: Tu motiral-
Tagan erT-erTi Tavisi uwlovani Svilebis movla-patro-
nobas sTxovs, meore, piriqiT – exveweba, rom yuri ar ugdos
misi umecari ymawvilebis tirils, arc pur-wyali miawodos,
vinaidan `dRebneli~ deda `Jamkarareuli~ gawires samzeoze
da amis gamo Sebralebis Rirsni ar arian...
gardacvlili qalis motirliseuli Sefasebis kriteri-
umi yovelTvis rodi esatyviseboda mTielTa ZirZvel ritu-
alebTan dakavSirebul tradiciebs. erTi xevsuruli xmiT
natirali ase iwyeba:
***
xmiT natirlebSi TviTkmar nakadad ikveTeba nimuSebi,
romelTa striqonebs mcirewlovanTa gardacvalebiT gamow-
veuli mwveli mwuxareba msWvalavs. umanko da ucodveli,
cxovrebis av-kargSi gauTviTcnobierebeli bavSvis dakargva
uStari bediswerisa Tu yovlisSemZle gangebisadmi savsebiT
gasageb samduravs aRZravs WirisufalTa damduRrul gulebSi...
170
bavSvis datireba garkveuli sirTulis winaSe ayenebs
profesional motirals, rac, Taviswil am rigis teqstTa
raodenobriv simcires ganapirobebs. zrdasruli Tu xanmo-
Teuli adamianis im qveynad gastumreba Sesaferisi sityvieri
daxasiaTebis TanxlebiT `momTqmels“ didad ar uWirs, rad-
gan, avad Tu kargad, icis misi warsuli, saamsoflo Rvawli
da damsaxureba. ymawvilis datirebaSi, am mxriv, ukiduresad
SezRudulia poeturi recefciis are Tu asparezi. ra unda
iTqvas masze, vinc Tvalis axelac ver moaswro da, msgavsad
civ da naadrev gazafxulze aRmocenebuli yvavilisa, ulmo-
blad gaToSa da moaSTo wuTisoflis senma Tu susxma...
erTi TuSuri natirlis Tanaxmad, Soria gza suleTisa, sa-
dac `miwisferdebulTa~ anu gardacvlilTa samkvidreblis
axal wevrs win xvdebian qveiTi Tu cxenosani `mgebrni~, dedis-
Zmebi da mogvareebi, romelnic Tav-TavianT `andabSi~ (erTi
gvaris sulTa samyofelSi) awveven ususur, umweo, SiSiT
dazafrul balRs...
`mgebrT~, micvalebulis pirveldamxvdurT saiqioSi,
naxevradrealur, grilos mimsgavsebul uCinmaCin arsebebad
moiazrebs adamianis warmosaxva. metic: mTqmel-mTxrobelTa
cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba maTi `xilvis~ SemTxvevebsac
`icnobs~...
mcirewlovanTa sityvier glovaSi aqcenti swored `mgeb-
rTa~ – dedisZmaTa da mamisZmaTa – imqveyniur funqcia-mov-
aleobazea dasmuli. `ucodari~ ymawvili advilad ver gaig-
nebs gzas saiqioSi da gezisa da orientaciis mimTiTeblad
Tavisiani esaWiroeba...
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSi gvianobamde arsebobda
erTi SexedviT ucnauri Cveuleba, romlis kvali da mkafio
anarekli dRemde SemorCa TuS-fSav-xevsureTs bavSvisTvis
ucxo, araqarTuli (metwilad qisturi anda lekuri) sakuTa-
ri saxelis Serqmevis saxiT.
roca ubedo ojaxs memkvidre uCndeboda da ukvdeboda,
roca gvarsa da modgmas gadaSenebis, gaqrobis safrTxe uax-
lovdeboda, axalSobils `moiparavdnen~, `gayiddnen~ da `gaas-
xvisebdnen~, rac Tavis gamoxatulebas saamisod SemuSavebuli
171
savaldebulo wesebis Sesrulebis imitirebasa da bavSvisTvis
metsaxelis daZaxebaSi hpovebda. SeSfoTebul, sagonebelSi
Cavardnil mSoblebs swamdaT, rom am xerxiT Svils sikvdi-
lisgan daixsnidnen da daifaravdnen; raki bavSvi sxvisTvis
eyolebodaT mibarebuli, morig ubedurebas gadaurCebodnen...
fSaveli mamakaci moTqvams:
Ãevsuras Svilsa ar veZaxdi,
sxvakana myvanda gayiduli,
sikvdilma mainc mamiÃela,
albaT gulSi Tu vTavisobdi.
***
sulis ukvdavebis qristianuli ideis adgili zepirsity-
vier teqstebSi adamianis maradiuli arsebobis, ase vTqvaT,
materialistur Tvalsazriss uWiravs: gansvenebulis suli
caTa sasufevelSi ki ar moiazreba, is sxeulTan erTad, mis-
gan ganuSoreblad ganagrZobs arsebobas mousavleTSi.
xiluli qveynis mxatvruli modeli rigi detalebis dama-
tebiT da rigis gamoklebiT aris gadatanili umzeurTa anu
`qvesknelisgan pyrobilTa~ sofelSi. da aq prioriteti mi-
Tosur Tvalsazriss eniWeba. xalxuri poeziis saiqio (Tavis
samoTxe-jojoxeTianad) ufro am qveynis msgavsi da sadaria,
vidre qristianuli zesTasoflisa...
qvesknelSi moxvedril micvalebuls bewvis xidze gadav-
la uwevs. bewvis (var.: Zuis) xidi mduRare kupris tbaze aris
gadebuli. xidqveS `onCqari~ anu oxSivari trialebs. is, vinc
samzeoze codvas Cadioda, xididan kupris alSi vardeba da
ikargeba. mas verc ucodvelni xedaven da verc `suleTis Rmer-
Ti~. naklebcodviani xidze uvneblad gadadis. xidis gaRma na-
pirze mwvaned mobibine triali mindoria. aqa-iq buCqebi dgas.
mindvris SuagulSi wveriT cas mibjenili oTxTvala cixea
aRmarTuli. cixes garedan kibe aqvs midgmuli. ganieri karis
aqeT-iqiT ori veeba ZaRlia dabmuli. ZaRlebs Sua TeTrwvera
moxuci, `suleTis karis yarauli~ zis. myefrebisgan da meka-
risgan TavdaRweuli (Tu kvira-uqmes iWerda da marxvas ina-
xavda, ZaRlebi gaatareben, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi daesevian
172
da dafleTen) suli (aq ukve mxolod sulzea saubari!) SehyavT
oTaxSi, sadac `bWeni~ sxedan (religiuri ciklis leqsebSi
bWeTa nacvlad oqros skamze dabrZanebuli qriste RmerTi
ixsenieba, romelic oqrosave sasworze samzeos `daklebul-
Ta~ codva-madls swonis). axalsuls `saunjo~ skams sTavazo-
ben. bWeT dawvrilebiT ician misi av-kargi. codvamoreuls
jojoxeTSi agzavnian, xolo madlians cixis meore `TvalSi~
anu sarTulze ganamweseben. `uwamebeli~ qal-vaJi, e.i. gau-
Txovari qali da ucolo vaJi, mesame sarTulze imyofebian.
cixis meoTxe Tvali gankuTvnilia bavSvebisTvis. angelozTa
`sernawriani~ Cvilebi cixis sam zeda sarTulze `cxovroben~
da kibiT ad-Camodian (Sdr. bibliuri iakobis sizmareuli ki-
be; aqve movixsenioT ioane klemaqsis `saTnoebaTa kibe~, rom-
lis ocdaaTi safexuri RmerTTan sulis mistikuri miaxloe-
bis gamoxatulebaa)… ...
rac ufro meti nisliTa (`nisli~ – saiqio yofis amqveyni-
uri ilustracia~ – r. inaniSvili) da bundovanebiTaa mocu-
li transtendenturi sferos `rjul-samarTali~, miT ufro
cxovelia mis mimarT mokvdavTa interesi (`iq ra iqneba, iq, im
bnelsa da ucnob mxares, sadiT arcerTi mgzavri ukan aRar
brundeba~, – kiTxulobs yofna-aryofnis amouxsnel dile-
maze Cafiqrebuli hamleti). saiqio sasufevlis ueWvelobaSi
Rrmad darwmunebuli meleqse samzeosTan SedarebiT upi-
ratesobasac ki aniWebs miRma sofels. mas saamisod myari ar-
gumenti moepoveba: cocxalni dRemudam wuxan, wvaloben da
ewamebian, xolo gardacvlili qal-vaJni sul lxinsa da mxi-
arulebaSi arian. maTi udasaliero samkvidrebeli dasaba-
mieri udardelobis niSniTaa aRbeWdili.
vaJebma Satilivnebma
suleT gabedes Zalia,
sru gaamtvries karebi,
samzeos gasavalia,
imiT Samaswyra ufali:
iqiT ar dian sxvania...
***
xmiTmotirlis maragian moTqmaSi gaxmiandeba xolme sa-
xelwodeba sasaflaosi, sadac misi axlobeli ganisvenebs an-
da jerac `zepir~ myofi misiani unda daikrZalos. samarovani,
Tavisi xavsiani qvebiT da waferdebuli jvrebiT, sulfonic
aris da sulwuxic. sulfoni – gardacvlilebisTvis, sulwuxi
– cocxlebisTvis (egeb, piruku?!) ...
zvavuSiS maRlobsa Tu umSvenieres Seferdebaze gan-
Tavsebuli micvalebulTa uoxWno `samkvidrebeli~ xom una-
piro mdumarebis uwmidesi taZaria, sadac adamiani sakuTar
sunTqvasaviT ganicdis `miwa xar da miwad iqcevi~-s uRrmes da,
amasTan, umartives filosofias...
ai, ra Seuvali, myari da ucvleli argumentaciiT aris
gamagrebuli winaparTa saZvaleebisadmi xmiTnatirlis liri-
kuli gmiris araorazrovani damokidebuleba:
...miyvarxar, sasaflaoT goro,
miyvarxar, gana marTla gSurob, –
aq aris Cemi mamis saxli,
aq wvanan Cemi mama-Zmani...
TamaSis xelovneba
***
rogor iqmneba scenuri xati?
msaxiobi Tavisufalia warmosaxvis, fantaziis proces-
Si, Tumca es Tavisufleba SemosazRvrulia literaturu-
li teqstiT. `msaxiobis mxatvruli saxis safuZvelia roli,
speqtaklisa – piesa, specialuri literaturuli drama-
turgia – mwerlobis sagangebo nairsaxeoba, gankuTvnili
TeatrisaTvis, scenisaTvis. am safuZvelze Sendeba sasceno
xelovneba~ (uruSaZe 1973: 49). mxatvruli nawarmoebis recef-
cia ki kulturologiuri problemaa (kulturul kods ukav-
Sirdeba fsiqologiuri, e.w. gamocdilebis kodic), sakmaod
rTuli literaturis kvlevis meTodologiebiT Sepirobe-
buli. amitom, imTaviTve wamoiWreba moTamaSis, rogorc kargi
mkiTxvelisa da interpretatoris, problemac. wigniereba,
ganaTleba, siRrmeebisken wvdomis dauokebeli wyurvili,
mudmivi TviTkontroli da, amasTanave, alRo, intuicia gan-
sazRvraven mxatvruli teqstis recefciis Taviseburebas.
maSasadame, msaxiobi (moTamaSe) – teqsti – avtori qmnian
mkacrad reglamentirebul wres, romelic, Tavis mxriv, gu-
lisxmobs da moicavs reJisorsac da mayurebelsac. TamaSis
arsSive Cndeba ansamblurobis, sinTezurobis gardauvalo-
bac. amitom, bunebrivad ibadeba SekiTxva: Tavisuflebis ra
modusSia ganxorcielebuli TamaSi, anu moTamaSis Tavisu-
fleba determinebulia teqstiTa da avtoriT Tu gasulia am
farglebidan?! ra aris amosavali – Cemi neba, fiqri, Cemive
gonebis aparati da modelebi Tu Tavad teqstidan wamosuli
idumali samyaro, dafarul enigmaTa gacxadebis wesrigi?!
187
literaturuli nawarmoebis recefciis procesSi ikve-
Teba ramdenime etapi: jer erTi, mxatvruli teqstis aRqmisas
aRmqmelis warmosaxva ar aris SeboWili esTetikuri sagnis
konkretuli formiT. avtori, zogadad, mkiTxvelisagan mo-
elis//iTxovs uSualo monawileobas (Sdr. yaralaSvili 1977:
8). msaxiobi uSualodaa CarTuli am TanagancdaSi da mere is
iqceva mediatorad avtorsa da farTo mkiTxvels (mayure-
bels) Soris, radganac Tavad unda Seqmnas scenuri xati. ami-
tomaa aucilebeli msaxiobi flobdes da grZnobdes mxat-
vruli teqstis kods, SeeZlos misi gaxsna//axsna. `scenaze
personaJTa arsebobis safuZveli aris qmedeba, romelic
warmoiqmneba teqstis sityvieri masalis analizis Sedegad~
(arvelaZe 1983: 36). es moiTxovs garkveul unarebs, amitom
msaxiobi unda iyos `ganviTarebuli mkiTxveli~, radganac,
rac ufro `didi codna da Zlieri warmosaxvis unari gaaC-
nia, miT ufro maRalia misi samkiTxvelo kultura, miT ufro
mdidari da mravalferovania mxatvruli samyaro, romelsac
is aRiqvams~ (yaralaSvili 1977: 12).B bunebrivia, msaxiobs mo-
eTxoveba ara mxolod e.w. teqstualuri signalebis Sefase-
ba, maTze reagireba, aramed sakuTari Sexedulebis proeqcia
nawarmoebSi. es teqstTan dialogis saintereso procesia,
reJisoris mier `xeldasxmuli~, Tumca aucileblad msaxiob-
Tan erTad gaazrebuli, radgan swored is unda `ganzavdes
nawarmoebSi da mxatvruli sinamdvile erTaderT realobad
miiCnios~ (iqve: 118).
Teatraluri xelovnebac miiswrafvis raRacis amocno-
bisken, wvdomisken. es aris ukve mxatvruli nawarmoebTan
(literaturul teqstTan, romelic unda iqces Teatralur
teqstad) mimarTebis problemac. recefcia, aRqma, gaazre-
ba unda daiwyos refleqsiiT*. amdenad, mxatvruli teqstis
hermenevtikis (gageba-gaazrebis) rTul gzaze saWiroa, zust
mecnierul meTodologiasTan erTad, fantaziis, gamogone-
bis, intuiciis, improvizaciis, formis SegrZnebis, warmosax-
vaSi Txzvis, usicocxlo garemoSi sicocxlis danaxvis unar-
* refleqsia ki, garda imisa, rom aris sakuTari azrebisa da gancdebis ana-
lizi, Cafiqreba, sakuTari sulis siRrmeebis `moxilva~, sabolood, mainc
praqtikis, kulturis, sagnobrivi samyaros gaazrebaa.
188
Cvevebi. bernis mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT, msaxiobmac unda
daamuSaos literaturis monacemebi, teqstobrivi faqtura
da Seafasos albaToba, rogoria efeqturi urTierTqmedeba
gare samyarosTan (berni 1999:).
msaxiobi mediatoria avtorisa da reJisoris naazrevsa
da mayurebels Soris. amitom, faqtobrivad, igi CanafiqrTa
arsSi wvdomisa da amokiTxvis kargis ostatic unda iyos. man,
rogorc m. TumaniSvili ityoda, komentari unda gaukeTos av-
tors intonaciiTa da qveteqstiT.
ramdenic unda vuaroT, mainc mivdivarT mxatvruli
teqstis Semecnebis problemasTan. arsebobs recipientis
(mkiTxvelis) sami done, sami kategoria:
gadamkiTxveli – wamkiTxveli – amomkiTxveli. Sesabami-
sad, aseTive SeiZleba iyos msaxiobic: gadamkiTxveli, mxolod
siuJets rom mihyveba da, faqtobrivad, ambavi ainteresebs;
wamkiTxveli, anu is, vinc detalebsac miaqcevs yuradRebas
da amomkiTxveli, romelsac aqvs metis amocnobis, gaazrebis
unari. amitomac ganmartavda k. stanislavski: `msaxiobma Se-
sasrulebel piesaSi misi ZiriTadi motivis gaxsna unda Ses-
Zlos – avtorisaTvis im damaxasiaTebeli SemoqmedebiTi ide-
is gaxsna, romelic am nawarmoebis marcvladaa aRiarebuli~
(stanislavski 1950: 101).
erTgan i. haizinga wers, rom (xose ortega gasetisTvis)
xelovneba ise, rogorc mTeli literatura, `iluziebis qmnas~,
`TamaSs~ niSnavso. am iluzorul, magram msaxiobisTvis bune-
briv, pirobiT (Tumca, realurad qceul) samyaroSi moTamaSe
gardasaxvis procesSi avtoris stilisa da am stilis gamom-
xatveli literaturuli diskursis pirispir dadgeba, rad-
gan, rogorc n. uruSaZe wers: `araa sakmarisi, msaxiobi buneb-
rivad iqceodes warmosaxul viTarebaSi – msaxiobi bunebrivi
unda iyos konkretuli avtoris nawarmoebSi~ (uruSaZe 1976: 4).
ra Tqma unda, raRacas ki ar unda TamaSobde, avtoris perso-
naJs unda acocxlebde, upirvelesad, imas, rogorc man Seqmna
da dawera da ara, rogorc Sen ginda. aqve ikveTeba kidev erTi
mniSvnelovani moTxovna: `cxovrebis sinamdvile ar udris
scenur sinamdviles. msaxiobis pirovnuli gancdani ar udris
189
gansaxierebuli tipis gancdas. tipis gancda unda gamomdina-
reobdes misi xasiaTidan da ara misi Semsrulebeli msaxiobis
pirovnuli xasiaTidan~ (amaRlobeli 1928: 145).
mixeil TumaniSvili ase urCevda Tavis msaxiobebs: `akeTe
rac gsurs, oRond nu acdebi im liandags, romelic erTad
gaviyvaneT. Sen tramvai xar, Tavisufali Semoqmedi, magram
aucileblad avtoriseul liandagze~ (TumaniSvili 2004: 34).
gamodis, rom msaxiobis, moTamaSis Tavisufleba SeuzRuda-
via, oRond is ar unda gavides avtoris sivrcidan, piriqiT,
man Txzulebis avtoris samyaroSi unda imoqmedos bunebri-
vad, gonivrulad, gamomsaxvelad da stilis (Sesabamisad, Jan-
ris) gaTvaliswinebiT.
TamaSi scenaze qmnis realobis iluzias. mTavari moTama-
Se, msaxiobi, ormagi standartis TamaSSia gaxveuli, radgan
misi qmedebis mainspirirebeli mxatvruli nawarmoebia, dra-
maturgiuli qmnileba an Teatraluri teqsti. amitom dramis
`Txrobis dro~ scenuri `TamaSis drod~ unda iqces. `drama-
tuli nawarmoebi ki warmodgenis modusidan grZnobadi aRqmis
modusSi unda gadavides da, amrigad, sinamdvilis droul-
sivrcul pirobebSi warimarTos~ (hamburgeri 2003: 176).
TamaSi moiazreba rogorc brZolis imitacia da is iseTive
aucileblobad warmogvidgeba cocxali arsebisTvis, rogor-
ic sabrZolo Tvisebaa (Sdr. sigua 2005: 55). Semoqmedeba, anu
axlis qmnadoba, TamaSis rTul sistemaSi CarTuli procesia.
mwerali TamaSobaSi qmnis sakuTari fantaziisa da fiqris
nayofs – teqsts, romelsac `warmosaxvaTa ganamdvilebas~ (s.
sigua) uwodeben. weris procesi aris gasvla sakuTari Tavi-
dan, gaqceva sakuTari `me~-dan, sxvad qceva, axali iluzo-
ruli samyaros mxatvrul-emociur realobad qceva. mwerali
qmnis axal sinamdviles – esTetikur anu fiqciur realobas.
es imave TamaSis gagrZelebaa. mwerloba sityvasTan da sityve-
biT TamaSia – erTob saxifaTo da maRali riskebis Semcve-
lic. weris dros sakuTar personaJad qceuli avtoris meore
gamTamaSebeli msaxiobia. mwerlis naTamaSevi mxatvruli saxe
ukve xorcs isxams msaxiobSi. scenis mTavari moTamaSe saku-
Tar arsebaSi daitevs avtorisa (pirveli moTamaSis) da Tavis-
190
save gancdils. amitom, scenaze faqtobrivad, ormagi TamaSis
`produqts~ viRebT.
msaxiobi literaturul masalas kiTxulobs da gaiazrebs
detalebis SerCeviT. misTvis mniSvnelobs ara pirveli done
teqstisa, ambavi, aramed ambamde, rogorc garkveul xdomile-
bamde, misasvleli mizez-Sedegobriv kavSirTa rTuli qsovi-
lis impulsebi. am procesma unda gamokveTos is, rac sWirdeba
an dasWirdeba mas momavali mxatvruli saxis gasacocxleb-
lad. aq Tavs iCens pirovnul-individualur TvisebaTa mTe-
li gama. moTamaSis interesebis, gancdebis, mentalobis Tavi-
sebureba aisaxeba Tavis qmnilebaSi. amitomacaa scenuri saxe
yovelTvis daRdasmuli Tavad msaxiobis pirovnuli niSniT.
rogorc stanislavski ityoda, mxatvruli saxisken mimavali
gza Seni sakuTari Tavidan unda daiwyo. albaT, amitomac
iTvleba msaxiobis pirovnuli da SemoqmedebiTi individu-
aloba, rogorc ucvleli sidide, saxis Seqmnis safuZvlad
(arvelaZe 1984: 49).
msaxiobi (moTamaSe) rTuli fenomenia Tundac imitom, rom
igi ar TamaSobs erTgzis. profesiuli Tavisebureba iTxovs
imas, rom sxvadasxva xasiaTis, zneobis, profesiis, mdgomare-
obis personaJis cxovrebiT icxovro araerTxel. es `cxovre-
ba~ Tanacxovrebad iqceva da scenuri gmiris individualuri
Taviseburebebis migneba-gaTavisebas gulisxmobs. msaxiobis
TamaSi xasiaTis Zebnisa da morgebis TamaSia.
mxatvruli teqstis (ukve naTamaSevi teqsti) recefcia
sakmaod did Zalisxmevas moiTxovs. msaxiobs sWirdeba Sina-
gani meqanizmi imis warsamarTad, rom, rogorme SeZlos da
aRidginos avtoris sulieri mdgomareoba maSin, roca qmnida,
werda, Txzavda. ra fsiqikur-inteleqtualuri maxasiaTe-
blebi gansazRvraven swored im tipis Txzulebis `dabadebas~,
romelsac konkretulad axla kiTxulobs. msaxiobma aucile-
blad unda SeZlos avtoris emociuri safuZvlebis gansaz-
Rvra. aqve unda CavrToT iohan haizingas erTi mosazreba imis
Sesaxeb, rom enis SemoqmedebiTi goni mudam TamaSiT gadadis
sagnobrividan azrobrivze. mwerali, upirvelesad, sakuTar
warmosaxvasTan, fantaziasTan da, Sesabamisad, sityvebTan
191
moTamaSea. gamogonili faqti Tu movlena man unda aqcios
emociur sinamdviled. es procesi TamaSiT ganxorcieldeba,
sityvaTa TamaSiT, raTa miviRoT xelovnebis umTavresi ka-
tegoria – mxatvruli saxe.
Semoqmedeba warmosaxvis Tavisufali TamaSia*. am TamaSSi,
`esTetikur WvretaSi~ (i. kanti) ibadeba mxatvruli nawar-
moebi. barem aqve vityviT, rom `marqsistul-leninuri esTe-
tikis TvalsazrisiT, xelovneba TamaSi ki ara, aramed savse-
biT seriozuli adamianuri saqmianobaa~ (rostomaSvili 1977:
106). faqtobrivad, marqsizmis am logikas mivyavarT TamaSis,
rogorc kulturis fatoris, uaryofamde. TviT platonic
ki TamaSs miiCnevda umaRlesi rangis moRvaweobad. Hhaizin-
gas azriT ki, TamaSi aris `TavisTavadi, sakuTrivi raRac...
TamaSis uaryofa SeuZlebelia. adamians SeuZlia yovelgvar
abstraqciaze Tqvas uari: simarTleze, silamazeze, WeSma-
ritebaze, sikeTeze, gonze, RmerTze! seriozulobis uaryo-
fa SeiZleba, TamaSisa ki – ara!~ (haizinga 2004: 16).
TavisTavad, mniSvnelovania Cven mier naxsenebi warmosax-
vis TamaSi, anu fantaziis TamaSi, radgan is aucileblad gu-
lisxmobs adamianis cnobierebis SigniT mimdinare latentur
procesebs.
mwerlobac rTuli mxatvruli saxeebisa da warmosaxvebis
Tavisufali TamaSia. umberto eko Tavis leqciaTa ciklSi ase
gansazRvravs: `literaturuli nawarmoebis kiTxva niSnavs,
monawileobde TamaSSi, romelic saSualebas gvaZlevs Sevi-
mecnoT usasrulo mravalferovneba movlenebisa, romlebic
moxda, xdeba an moxdeba realur samyaroSi~ (eko 2002:).
rogori iqmneba poeturi metyveleba? – upirvelesad,
sasaubrodan gasvliT, gamijvniT, radgan SeTxzva ukve aris
gaTavisufleba yofisagan, materiisgan, misi gadasvla sxva
mdgomareobaSi. maSasadame, poeturi xati ibadeba azris, fan-
***
`tyuili simarTle~, rogorc Teatraluri xelovnebis
arsi, bevr rames scems pasuxs. aq Tavs iyris warmosaxvis, ga-
monagonis, fantaziis, iluziis mTeli kaskadi. amitom apri-
orulad Tanxmdeba yvela, rom TamaSic da mxatvruli nawar-
moebis Seqmna SeuZliaT mxolod gansakuTrebuli (SeTxzvis)
talantiT dajildoebulebs. mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia s. amaR-
lobelis dakvirveba: `fsiqo-fizikur pirovnebaSi mocemuli
197
masaliT da momentaluri Semoqmedebis gziT literatoris
(dramaturgis an scenaristis) mier mocemuli tipis gansaxi-
ereba; darCena `me~-d da gardaqmna `sxvad~, ara `me~-d – ai, Zi-
riTadi principi msaxiobobisa~ (amaRlobeli 1928: 120).
TamaSis xelovneba scenaze, umravles SemTxvevaSi, mo-
iTxovs TanamoTamaSeebs. am mxriv scenuri TamaSi Zalian
axlosaa mwerlur TamaSTan, radgan, TviT mxatvruli teqsti
moTamaSeebs hkarnaxobs erTianobas. scenaze moTamaSeebic
dialogSi arian erTmaneTTan. es gadaTamaSeba erTgvari me-
tafizikuri SegrZnebaa, ararsebulis – realobad, tyuilis
– sinamdviled gamocxadeba, sicruis sibrZnea. scenaze ga-
nicdian SemoqmedebiTad. aq, rogorc n. Cerkorski werda:
`ar vgrZnobT arc simwares, arc sasowarkveTas... arc daniT
miyenebul tkivils... tyvia ar gvklavs. scenuri gancda – Se-
moqmedebiTi gancdaa~ (uruSaZe 1976: 11).
Teatralur xelovnebaSi, repeticiebze scenur sivrceSi
xSirad gaismis `mjera, ar mjera~. damajereblobis miRweva,
anu kargad moatyuo mayurebeli, ostatobis sakiTxia, rome-
lic mxolod teqnikuri monacemebis (xelobis) srulyofiT
ar miiRweva. Tu WeSmariti moTamaSe xar, unda SeZlo Cemi mo-
tyueba, unda damajero, rom Seni yvela gancda marTalia.
amitomaa scenuri simarTlis miRweva yvelaze rTuli da, Se-
sabamisad, iSviaTi saTeatro xelovnebaSi. asea mxatvruli
teqstis SemTxvevaSic. is Seqmnis iseT realobas, daxatavs
im tipis emociur sinamdviles, rom Tanamonawiles gagxdis,
CagrTavs moqmedebaTa procesSi da gamoiwvevs Sens gancdebs.
mkiTxvelis sulis SeZvra didostatebs SeuZliaT. mayure-
belTa `hipnozirebac~ erTeulTa xvedria.
ra mizani SeiZleba hqondes TamaSs? – upirvelesi mainc ax-
lis qmnadobaa, miuxedavad imisa, rom msaxiobi xandaxan piri-
qiT, Zvels da tradiciuls TamaSobs. axali imTaviTve iTxovs
(an upirispirdeba) Zvels. es binaruli opozicia, Zveli-axali,
SemoqmedebiTTan erTad, gajibrebis muxtis matarebelia. ax-
lis qmnadobis survili yovelTvis ar gulisxmobs ZvelTan
dapirispirebas an mis uaryofas, Tumca erTgvari gamowvevaa
Zvelisa, arsebulisa. tradiciis ganviTarebaa isic, roca ic-
198
vleba aqcentebi, roca raRac gadaadgildeba garkveuli kom-
binaciiT da miiReba Tanamedrove, axal realobas morgebuli
– socialur-politikuri da pragmatul-esTetikuri moTx-
ovnebiT ganpirobebuli. TamaSs axlavs sakuTar, namdvil da
arqaul saxesTan dabrunebis, gancdis SegrZneba – swored,
SegrZnebisa da ara aRqmis doneze – rom me axla me var; an ra-
Rac saerTos vekuTvni. moTamaSe samyaros nawilad SegrZnobs
Tavs. am dros cocxldeba raRac sruliad gaucnobierebeli,
uRrmesi, Tavdapirveli, samyaros pirveladi formebis msgav-
si mdgomareoba. TamaSi, SesaZloa, am msgavsebis gaxsenebac
iyos: gaxseneba imisa, rom saerTo sawyisidan movdivarT, rom
sadRac, odesRac saerTo materias warmovadgendiT, romelic
gadioda da brundeboda sakuTar TavSi cimcimiT, rxeviT...
TamaSobs yvelaferi: cxovelic, talRac. TamaSi materiis Ta-
visuflebis raRac forma Tu saxeobaa. enis TamaSebriv mdgo-
mareobas gamoxatavs poeturi ena, gansakuTrebiT – metafora.
enobrivi TamaSi sakuTar TavTan RvTiuri Zalebis mosinjvis
impulsad iqna aRqmuli, amasTanave, `RvTaebrivis emanaciis
Seyovneba SemoqmedebiT aqtSi, TamaSSi – aq, am moedanze, am
dafasTan, am situaciaSi Tu am magidasTan – ai, TamaSebrivi
aqtebis mizani~ (kvaWantiraZe 2001: 272).
TamaSs axlavs Tavdaviwyebis saSiSi gancda. sxvagvarad
Tu vityviT, zogjer warmosaxvaSi arsebuli ufro Zlieri
aRmoCndeba, vidre – realuri. aseTi SemTxvevebi iSviaTia,
magram mainc Tan axlavs xolme scenur TamaSebs. amboben, ser-
go zaqariaZe xSirad ise SeiWreboda rolSi, Tavdaviwyebamde
midioda da kargavda zRvars realursa da scenurs (Sesabami-
sad, gamonagons, warmosaxuls) Soris. Teatris istoriisTvis
cnobili faqtia ararealurisadmi realurad ganwyoba. amis
sailustraciod n. uruSaZes mohyavs erTi magaliTi ermolo-
vas SemoqmedebiTi praqtikidan: `riCard mesamis~ erT-erT
repeticiaze Semoitanes kubo, raTa ledi ana ukanasknelad
gamomSvidobeboda qmars. reJisoris TanaSemwes kuboSi maimu-
nis fituli Caudevs. ermolovas repeticia uCveulo gznebiT
Cautarebia. garSemo yvela tiroda. darcxvenil asistents
patieba uTxovia msaxiobisTvis `suleluri xumrobis~ gamo.
199
gakvirvebul ermolovas ver gaugia: romel xumrobaze me-
laparakebio – mas ar daunaxavs kuboSi maimunis fituli. is
xedavda sayvarel qmars, romelic arsebobda mxolod mis
warmosaxvaSi, magram warmosaxviT danaxuli ufro Zlieri aR-
moCnda, vidre – realurad arsebuli. amitom, ganwyobac war-
mosaxulisadmi aRmocenda (uruSaZe 1976: 13).
msaxiobi muSaobs – es gamoTqma apriorulad gulisxmobs
imas, rom msaxiobi rolze muSaobs, anu muSaobs misi fantazia,
warmosaxva (sxvaTa Soris, d. aleqsiZe rolze muSaobis or sa-
fuZvels gamohyofs: emociur mexsierebasa da SemoqmedebiTs
fantazias). aseT dros, rac ufro Rrmaa moTamaSis sulieri
samyaro da azrovnebis masStabi, miT ufro vuaxlovdebiT
kidev erT specifikur niSans – rolSi gaTqvefas. es zogjer
faruli riskia didi Sinagani Zalis mqone msaxiobisaTvis.
gardasaxva, sxvadqceva aRwevs iseT masStabebs, rom iSleba
zRvari realursa da gamogonils Soris. aseT SemTxvevaSi, –
TavdaviwyebaSi – Cndeba esTetikuri problema.
sxvadqceva, gardasaxva (rogorc msaxiobis SemoqmedebiTi
meTodi), upirvelesad, gulisxmobs Sinagan feriscvalebas,
`subieqtis gardaqmnas~ (r. naTaZe) da ara garegnul saxecvli-
lebas. dimitri uznaZis kvalobaze Tu vityviT, e.w. roluri
TamaSis dros ZiriTadi yuradReba mainc `mes~ cvlilebebzea
mimarTuli. transformacia-metamorfoza rTuli fsiqikuri
procesia da scenuri qcevebis faruli meqanizmebis povnas
gulisxmobs. Tu g. tovstonogovs davujerebT, gardasaxvis-
Tvis sami ramaa aucilebeli: azrovnebis Tavisebureba, damo-
kidebuleba samyarosadmi da arsebobis ritmi. amdenad, samive
es faqtori ufro Sinagania da ar saWiroebs sagangebod grim-
sa Tu niRabs. TamaSma icis miCveva. SeCveva icis Senma gmir-
mac da mere ise gaiTaviseb, rom Zneli gasamijni xdeba, sad
mTavrdeba misi da sad iwyeba Seni, pirovnuli. imdenad iyo ga-
tacebuli sakuTari antigoneTi z. kverenCxilaZe, rom ambob-
da: lamis biologiuri zizRi gamiCnda boris wifurias mimarT
(wifuria `antigoneSi~ Cafars TamaSobda) da Zlivs moverie da
davZlie es grZnobao. `antigones~ premieridan 30 wlis Sem-
deg ki dawera wigni `Cemi antigone~, romelic ase daamTavra:
200
`30 welia, gverdidan ar mSordeba. miWirs Tu milxins, Sin Tu
gareT – yvelgan CemTan aris. velaparakebi monatrebuli siy-
varuliTa da sinaziT, radgan dResac bevri gvaqvs salapara-
ko, gadasawyveti. me igi Zalian miyvars da mWirdeba, rogorc
axlobeli, rogorc magaliTi da rogorc Tanamoazre~ (kve-
renCxilaZe 2003: 102). aseTi damokidebuleba rolis mimarT
araa iSviaToba da, SesaZloa, bevri gasagebi faqtoriTac aix-
snas, Tumca, ararealuris, gamogonilis realurad qcevis
SemTxvevaa. iqneb, arc iyos yovelTvis aseTi cxovreba ilu-
ziad gaazrebuli!!! es SemTxveva aris niSani imisa, Tu saTa-
maSo mdgomareoba rogor gadaizrdeba refleqsiaSi. lite-
raturuli gmiriT cxovreba realobidan gaqceva an, ukeTes
SemTxvevaSi, TviTmarginalizaciaa. scenuri sivrce gulis-
xmobs, moiazrebs Tavis antipods – realur sivrces, realur
samyaros. realobisgan gaqceva an daTmoba eqsistencialur
problemebs ukavSirdeba. TamaSi xSirad aris TviTgadarCena,
Sinmyofoba, sakuTari eqsistentis gaTavisufleba amaoebis
marwuxisagan. amitom msaxioboba, anu TamaSis xelovneba, aris
vneba da siyvaruli, dausrulebeli swrafva Tavisuflebisa-
ken, Sesabamisad, – mudmivi mRelvareba, SfoTi, dinamika da
Zieba.
TamaSis stiqia yofiTi cxovrebis mimarT janys awyobs
– upirispirdeba erTferovnebas, merkantilizms, farisev-
lobas... sakuTari Seumdgarobis, martoobis, sxvagan yofnis
SegrZnebebs. amitomac bunebrivia, rom `TamaSSi CaZirva niS-
navs, aRar ikiTxo, sinamdvilea Tu ara is, radgan yvelaferi,
rac TamaSis dros xdeba da TamaSiT SeigrZnob, aranakleb
utyuari, ufro meti da WeSmariti mniSvnelobis Semcvelia,
vidre is, rasac `seriozuli~ cxovreba gvTavazobs (kvaWanti-
raZe 2001: 275).
***
TamaSSi, iluziaSi, tyuilSi arsebuls sasurveliT vcvliT.
esaa erTgvari TviTnugeSi da TviTgadarCenis impulsic. al-
baT es impulsi, rogorc warmosaxvis produqti, cvlis re-
alobas. Secvlili realobaa Tavad is adgili, romelSic Tama-
201
Si unda Sedges, sadac Teatraluri sanaxaoba unda gaimarTos.
Teatraluri xelovnebis aseT adgils Teatri ewodeba. nurc
is dagvaviwydeba, rom qarTveli adamiani Teatrs gamoxatavda
sintaqsuri SesityvebiT: `saxli saTamaSoÁ~. sulxan-saba or-
beliani ganmartavs: `TamaSa TaTrulad sanaxavsa hqvian, xolo
TamaSoba qarTulad mRera-SeqcevaTa saxlia~ (sulxan-saba
1991: 298). TamaSobas imTaviTve daukavSirda sanaxaoba-Seqce-
va. msaxiobis TamaSi sanaxaobad unda iqces da am ukanasknelma
unda gaitacos, Seiqcios mayurebeli. `saxli saTamaSoÁ~ – es
sintaqsuri wyvili `zustad gamoxatavs imas, rac xelovnebis
am dargis mudmivi Tvisebaa – mas aucileblad aqvs sakuTari
adgilsamyofeli da saTqmels iq ambobs, ambobs TamaSiT,
radgan saTqmeli viTomuria, SeTxzulia, xelovnebiseuli~
(uruSaZe 1999: 3). es `viTom~ aris is `aucilebeli momenti,
romelic yvela `asaxvaze~ damyarebuli xelovnebis saxes ax-
lavs, Tan `viTom~ aris asaxulis aranamdvilobis garantia~
(bokuCava 1991: 32). TamaSs axlavs erTi saintereso Tvisebac
– TamaSis dros iqmneba, ra Tqma unda, axali sinamdvile cxov-
rebis, arsebobis, eqsistenciis axali formebiT. `cxovrebis
kargad gatarebac~ platons TamaSad miaCnda, cxovreba Ta-
maSiT unda iyos savse, msxverpli unda Seswiro, imRero da
icekvoo.
yvela drois yvelanair TeatrSi ucvleli iyo erTi mTa-
vari xazi – mayurebelTaTvis cxovrebas warmoadgendnen Tam-
aSiT, anu mTavari moTamaSeni TamaSiT iwvevdnen mayurebelTa
TanagrZnobas, moqmedebdnen maTs fiqrebsa da sulze. am e.w.
aRmzrdelobiT funqcias aucileblad axlda esTetikuri
gancda, romlis gareSec xelovnebaze saubari, ubralod, war-
moudgenelia. ufro metic, d. uznaZis Tanaxmad, esTetikuri
tkboba TviT wuTisofelze, amaoebaze amaRlebisa da univer-
sumTan ziarebis saxeobaa da is Tavisi arsiT Semoqmedebaa.
TamaSis xelovneba orgvari tkbobaa – Semqmneli (Tu Semqm-
nelebi) ganicdis udides siamovnebas da amasve unawilebs
mayurebels. TamaSis survilic (dauZleveli) da niWic mainc
amouxsneli saswaulia. zogjer arc isaa mTlad gasagebi, am-
den mayurebels, amden `motyuebul~ adamians ratom sWirdeba,
202
Tavi igrZnos TamaSis monawiled, ratom vityuebT Tavs, gana
ra gvRrRnis aseTi SigniT – miuwvdomis wvdomisken swrafva-
Ta es procesi Tu TviTSemecnebis utyuari iaraRi?!
`saxli saTmaSoÁs~ umTavresi funqcia, albaT, isaa, rom
daaviwyos mayurebels ficarnagis realoba da aaRelvos, ga-
itacos, Caafiqros – Secvalos, CarTos dResaswaulSi. `war-
modgena ganumeorebeli, transistoruli, wamieria, rac ar
iZleva `meorejer~ naxvis SesaZleblobas~ (inasariZe 1995:
905). mokled, aq yvelaferia Tavmoyrili imisTvis, rom xe-
lovnebis saufloSi iyo, grZnobde, ganicdide da, amave dros,
aanalizebde yofierebas, Sens adgils am samyaroSi. mayureb-
liseuli gancdis iluzia (igive scenis prezensi – moCvene-
biTi dro) ukavSirdeba aRqmuli fiqciisaTvis (rac scenaze
xdeba) aRqmadi sinamdvilis saxis micemas. `dramatuli Tama-
Sis fiqcias axasiaTebs tendencia da SesaZleblobani, mi-
iRos im sinamdvilis saxe, romelic mayureblis sinamdvilis
analogiuria~ (hamburgeri 2003: 183). rogorc unda gvesmodes
sityva `Teatri~ (Tundac is ukavSirdebodes piter bruki-
seul oTx mniSvnelobas: mkvdari, wminda, uxeSi da uSualo
(bruki 1984: 3), saTamaSo saxls mainc Tavisi mkacrad regla-
mentebuli esTetika ayalibebs. rTulia am kanonebSi wvdoma,
radgan uCveulo da ucnauria Tavad Semoqmedebis specifika.
rogorc zemoT vTqviT, mTavari moTamaSe-msaxiobi aris ada-
miani, romelic qmnis sakuTari sxeuliT, sakuTari Tavisgan,
sakuTari fsiqikisgan xelovnebis nawarmoebs, magaliTad: Tu
fermweris (mxatvris) masala saRebavi da tiloa, xolo misi
iaraRi – funji; mwerlis masala sityvaa, instrumenti ki – ka-
lami da qaRaldi... Teatraluri xelovnebis masala cocxali
adamiania. rogorc dodo aleqsiZe ityoda, msaxiobma misi
sxeulidan unda gamoZerwos sxva sxeuli.
`saxli saTamaSoÁs~ mTavari moTamaSe msaxiobia, anu arse-
ba, romelSic ori adamiani moiazreba – erTi Semoqmedi, meore
– misi masala. `pirveli maTgani Caifiqrebs saxes, romelic
unda ganasaxieros, meore ki axorcielebs Canafiqrs. es or-
bunebovneba msaxiobis damaxasiaTebeli niSania~ (koklen-
ufrosi: 127). s. amaRlobels ki Semoaqvs terminebi: `pirveli
203
me da meore me~. misi azriT, `rCeba pirveli me, rogorc Semoq-
medi da kontroli Semoqmedebisa; isaxeba meore me, rogorc
Seqmnili, sxvisi tanjvisa da mxiarulebis matarebeli, sxvisi
azrisa da grZnobebis momcemi. kargi msaxiobia is, vinc erT-
sa da imave dros aris is, rac TviTon aris da aris isic, rac
TviTon ar aris e.i. aris `me~ Semoqmedi da aris `me~ Semqmneli,
me Semoqmedi, rogorc kontroli me Seqmnilze~ (amaRlobeli
1928: 120). msaxiobis SemTxvevaSi pirovnuli `me~ zogjer gani-
xileba, rogorc sakuTari scenuri gmiris maZiebel variaci-
aTa mizani, rogorc invarianti. `msaxiobma unda aRmoaCinos
is Ria forma, romelSic adamianis `me~ zRvardaudeblad
gaixsneba~ (doliZe 2000: 69).
grigol robaqiZe msaxiobis xelovnebas `sxvaSi sakuTaris
Seqmnas~ uwodebs: `ganicado raime ise, rom dacalo masSi Seni
Tavi, e.i. Seqmna Tavi sakuTari, Seqmna am `sxvaSi~ (robaqiZe
2005: 263). aseTi logika gveubneba, rom msaxiobis xelovneba
aris gasvla pirovnebidan sxvaSi. msaxiobi iRebs sxvis saxes,
romelSic Slis TavisTavs.
yovelgvari TamaSi iwyeba Tavis saTamaSo sivrceSi, Tavis
saTamaSo moedanze, romelsac, rogorc araerTxel vTqviT,
`saxli saTamaSoÁ~ uwodes qarTvelebma. es saxli imTaviTve
moiTxovs `aqamde ararsebuli cxovrebis warmoqmnas. swored
aq, am iluzorul sivrceSi, am garemoSi, am kedlebSi da, Ta-
nac, rac mTavaria, mayurebelTa Tvalwin xdeba adamianuri
sulis anatomireba da demonstrireba, cxovrebis arsis mo-
delireba~ (TumaniSvili 2004: 136). gamogonili, SeTxzuli si-
namdvile, – scenuri simarTle xiblavs da atyvevebs mayure-
bels, masSi xedavs Zalze yofiTsac da idumalsac. Teatri
jer kidev mniSvnelobs adamianTa modgmisTvis, maSasadame,
TamaSi grZeldeba, anu grZeldeba azrovnebis Tavisufle-
bac. viTomuris, gamogonilis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovan daskvnas
gvTavazobs piter bruki: `cxovrebaSi `Tu~ fiqciaa, TeatrSi
ki – eqsperimenti. cxovrebSi `Tu~ Tavis daZvrenis cdaa, Te-
atrSi – simarTle. roca am simarTles virwmunebT, Teatri da
cxovreba erTiandeba xolme – es maRali mizania, magram Zal-
ze Znelia misi miRweva. TamaSi did Sromas moiTxovs, magram
204
roca Sromas TamaSad ganvicdiT, es ukve Sroma aRar aris.
TamaSi TamaSia~ (bruki 1984: 153).
msaxiobi daavadebulia, Sepyrobilia TamaSis surviliT.
ratom?
a) mas awuxebs Sinagani energia da TamaSi am `zedmetisgan~
aTavisuflebs;
b) misi fsiqika mowyobilia ise, rom obieqtur garemosTan,
realobasTan, sinamdvilesTan dakavSirebis saSualebaa Ta-
maSi, anu samyarosTan dialogSi Sedis TamaSis gziT;
g) TamaSSi swavloben TavianT warsuls, arkveven dRevan-
delobasa da ukavSirdebian momavalsac.
jorj skotis mixedviT, TamaSi niSnavs dakvirvebas, mibaZ-
vas. amasTanave, aRmoCndeba, rom TamaSSi SesaZlebelia raRac
cxovrebiseuli procesebis modelirebac.
araerTi sirTulis pirispir dgeba moTamaSe – msaxiobi,
maTgan umTavresia bunebrivi da adekvaturi qmedeba warmo-
saxul, navaraudev, viTom realurad arsebul situaciaSi.
yvela SemTxvevaSi, msaxiobma literaturuli wyaro qmedebad
unda aqcios – unda gaacocxlos, STahberos suli, manera, moZ-
raoba, mzera, Rimili, intonacia – yvela is Tviseba, romlebic
adamianurs xdis realobas. sasceno xelovnebaSi mTavaria
jer moqmedeba da Semdeg – sityva (moqmedebaze aRmocenebuli
sityva), Tumca, rogorc mixeil TumaniSvili ambobda, zogjer
teqstic moqmedebaa.
ras aRar vTamaSobT pataraobidanve. TamaSSi da TamaSiT
Semodis cxovreba Cvens cnobierebaSi. rogorc amboben, siy-
rmesa da zogjer siWabukeSi vTamaSobT scenebs Cveni momava-
li cxovrebidan: zogi – didobanas, zogic – maswavlebloba-
nas, xSirad – omobanas da a. S. magram, sabednierod, dgeba
asaki, roca TamaSi wydeba. ramdenad komikuri iqneba, Tun-
dac 18 wlis gogona isev TojinebTan erTobodes. maSasadame,
TamaSidan gamosvla normad iTvleba yvela SemTxvevaSi, gar-
da msaxiobis profesiisa. is bavSvobaSi, anu TamaSSi CarCeni-
ladac SegviZlia moviazroT. msaxiobis SemTxvevaSi bavSvobis
damTavrebis Semdeg unda daibados meore cxovreba – Tama-
Sis cxovreba, romelsac Tan axlavs Tavisi upirobo wesrigi.
205
aqedan isic gamomdinareobs, rom msaxiobis arsebaSi Tavad
cxovreba TamaSobs da es TamaSi scenaze cxovrebadve iqceva.
msaxiobi, anu TamaSiT Sepyrobili arseba, Tavisufldeba
cxovrebiseuli tvirTisagan (garda im nevrotikuli daZabu-
lobisa, romlis Sesaxebac froidi saubrobs), radganac arc
Tu iSviTad misi ararealizebulis (ocneba, swrafva, mizani)
realizebaa TamaSi. Tu cotaTi gavarTulebT am azrs, mivalT
im daskvnamde, rom misTvis cxovrebiseuli tanjva, SesaZloa,
TamaSiT iqces siamovnebad.
tragikulia msaxiobis profesia Tavisi efemerulobis
gamo (rogorc araerTxel Tqmula amis Sesaxeb). amasTanave,
msaxiobi, Tavisi arsiT, matarebelia erTgvari kodirebuli
informaciisa. mravlis mTqmelia es Setyobineba, radgan erT-
droulad asaxavs mwerliseuls, reJisorisa da Tavad msaxi-
obiseuls. maSasadame, msaxiobi itevs informaciul sistemas,
romelsac gaTamaSebis (zogjer – gadaTamaSebis) gziT mo-
itans mayureblamde.
***
TamaSis xelovnebis am ucnaurobas, mTel am saswauls,
dResaswaulsa da magiur Zalas qmnis swored niWis is uCve-
ulo Tavisebureba, gardasaxva rom ewodeba.
gardasaxvis niWi vnebaa, – mravalmxrivi da mravalwaxna-
govani. igi efuZneba literaturul masals da amoizrdeba
misgan rogorc qmedeba, rogorc xorcSesxmuli cocxali saxe
– avtoriseuli niSniT daRdasmuli. ra Tqma unda, teqstis
gagebisa da, amis Sedegad, misi interpretaciis unari yvela-
ze ufro faseulia am profesiaSi.
dimitri aleqsiZe msaxiobisTvis aucilebel or Tvise-
baze miuTiTebda: gulwrfeloba da simarTle (aleqsiZe 1977:
21). rodesac vsaubrobT scenur simarTleze, maqsimalur
gulwrfelobasa da warmosaxul situaciaSi bunebrivad moq-
medebaze, aqve unda aRvniSnoT intonaciis sizustec. radgan
msaxiobi `sityvis momtani~, avtoriseuli informciis gad-
momcemi da ambis ganmmartavia, man, upirvelesad, unda SeZ-
los metyvelebis bunebriobis miRweva.
206
ra Tqma unda, normalur SemTxvevaSi, Teatraluri xe-
lovneba speqtakliT SemogvTavzebs avtoris umTavresi kon-
cefciis gaTvaliswinebiT gaazrebul qmnilebas, Tumca es ar
iqneba//ver iqneba teqstis interpretaciis mxolod erTi, anu
avtoriseuli, varianti. ramdeni reJisoric dadgams, imdeni
varianti Seiqmneba, oRond, aq aucileblad unda SevniSnoT,
rom xelovanis misia ar aris problemebis irgvliv msjelo-
ba, – es scdeba am sferosa da sxva sibrtyeze gadainacvlebs..
dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom xelovnebis, `mxatvruli
Semoqmedebis fundaments warmosaxvis, fantaziisa da emoci-
aTa sferos aqtivireba da kognituri, SemecnebiTi porocesebis
(azrovneba da aRqma) rolis Sesusteba agebs da ayalibebs. Se-
sabamisad, Semoqmedeba ara mxolod ukavSirdeba aracnobier
fenomens, aramed swored am fenomeniT aixsneba~ (mircxulava
2010: 102).
Semoqmedi `mxatvrul formaSi gvTavazobs problemis
gadawyvetis sakuTar versias~ (uruSaZe 1999: 12) da ase am-
kvidrebs sakuTar Tvalsazriss. am gziT Semoaqvs sakuTari
koncefcia. rogorc folkneri ityoda: xelovneba Semoqme-
dis temperamentSi gatarebuli sinamdvilea, romlis ganmsaz-
Rvreli Sinagani dinamika unda iyos. dinamikas, ritms Tavisi
plastikuri xazi esaWiroeba, plastika meryeobas gulisx-
mobs, es ukanaskneli msaxiobis Sinagan smenas ukavSirdeba,
smena mzeras warmarTavs da iqmneba mTliani konturi cocxa-
li mxatvruli saxis, – scenuri xatisa.
damowmebani:
ana kldiaSvili
* Е. Андреева. Рассказы о художниках. Проблема живописи около 1980 года. СПБ, 1999,
gv. 223.
214
saSualebebi araa mniSvnelovani, mTavaria azri~.* azri ki,
`axali figuraciis~ warmomadgenelTa SexedulebiT, ama Tu im
movlenisadmi, faqtisadmi damokidebulebis Sedegia. amde-
nad, isini mimarTaven sxvadasxva aqtualur sakiTxsa Tu Temas
da maT interpretacias axdenen. maTi Semoqmedebis Tvalsawi-
erSi aqtiurad Semodis istoria (Soreuli Tu uaxlesi), konk-
retuli istoriuli faqtebi, pirovnebebi; Sedegad ki xdeba
istoriis gadaazreba mxatvruli formiT. am mxriv Zalze sa-
intereso movlenaa germanuli figuracia da konkretulad
misi ori warmomadgenlis iorg imendorfisa da anselm kife-
ris Semoqmedeba.
i. imendorfi Zalze aqtiuri da da Semtevi samoqalaqo da
politikuri poziciiT gamoirCeoda. misi adreuli namuSev-
rebis saTaurebi amis dasturia: `ra pozicia giWiravs Sen da
Sens xelovnebas, kolega?~ anda, `mxatvris muStic muStia~ da
sxv. imendorfis Semoqmedebis mTavari Tema Suaze gaxle-
Cili germania da misi bedi gaxldaT. am Temisadmi miZRvnil mis
cnobil istoriul serias `kafe germania~ axlda manifesti –
`mowodeba dasavleTgermaneli da evropeli mxatvrebisadmi~,
romelSic naTqvamia: `airCieT Tqveni namuSevrebis Temad
usamarTloba, omis saSiSroeba, politikuri Zaladoba, ga-
modiT mSvidobis dasacavad, radgan pirvelive yumbaris Ca-
mogdebisTanave vercerTi molberti ver gadarCeba~. am seri-
is suraTebis ganuyofeli nawilia berlinis kedeli, rome-
lic xan CamoSlilia da qvebis grovebs qmnis, xan gadaulaxav
winaRobad warmogvidgeba. aqve vxvdebiT sxvadasxva epoqis
istoriul pirebs, mxatvris Tanamedroveebs, politikur
atributebs – prusiul arwivs, svastikas da sxv. am seriaSi
imendorfma misTvis damaxasiaTebeli provokaciulobiT
sinqronulad, warsulis realiebisa da miTis zRvarze war-
moadgina sxvadasxva epoqis istoriuli faqtebi. warsulis
monstruli aCrdilebi mis suraTebSi Tanaarsebobs Tanamed-
rove detalebTan, ironia ki ukidures seriozulobasTan
aris wilnayari. germaniis gaxleCa mxatvris mier gancdilia
* Kiefer Anselm. Interview with Donald Kuspit // Artwords 2; Discourse on the Early 80s. gv.
86-87.
215
rogorc erovnuli da, amave dros, pirovnuli drama; qveynis
gaerTianeba ki imendorfisaTvis, erTi mxriv, germanelTa
mier axali identobis, meore mxriv, pirovnuli identobis
moZiebis sawindaria.
Uuaxlesi istoriisadmi iorg imendorfis plakaturi da
ironiuli damokidebulebisagan sruliad gansxvavebuli xed-
va aqvs anselm kifers. misi Semoqmedebis laitmotivia warsulis
damangreveli zemoqmedeba Tanamedroveobaze, kritikuli
damokidebuleba oficialuri germanuli istoriografiisad-
mi. kiferi exeba iseT faqizsa da mtkivneul Temas, rogoricaa
miTi germaneli naciis misiis Sesaxeb. igi eZebs da namuSevreb-
Si warmoadgens e.w. `germanuli sulis~ sazogado da metad
Rrma simboloebs, dawyebuli nibelungebidan, damTavrebuli
hitleriT. kiferi exeba imdroindel germaniaSi tabuirebuli
nacizmis Temas, igi bedavs da dade-biT konteqstSi warmoaCens
germanul warmarTul RvTaebebs, gmirebs, mistikos-roman-
tikosebs, sazogadoebis TvalsawierSi abrunebs vagnersa da
nicSes, visac vulgaruli istoriuli azri msoflios Tavs
datexil ubedurebaSi (igulisxmeba II msoflio omi) mTavar dam-
naSaveebad warmoaCens. da rom ara holokostis Tema, romelic
kiferis SemoqmedebaSi germani-is Temis paralelurad Cnde-
ba, igi namdvilad ver gadaurCeboda neonacistis iarliys
(Tumca, mas mainc adanaSaulebdnen nacizmis TanagrZnobaSi).
70-iani wlebis II naxevarSi kifers Seqmnili aqvs seria
`germanel tomTa brZolebi~, romelSic igi asaxavs germanel-
Ta mier damoukideblobis mopovebisa da sakuTari TviT-
myofadobisaTvis warmoebul omebs. igi aqtiurad mimarTavs
germanul miTologias. parsifalis, maisterzingerebis, zig-
fridisa da brunhildas istoriebi misi namuSevrebis Temad
iqceva. mxatvari am Temebze didi zomis monumentur epikur
suraTebs qmnis.
80-iani wlebis dasawyisSi kiferi xatavs ukacriel dide-
bul arqiteqturul nagebobaTa interierebs, romlebic hit-
leris mTavari arqiteqtoris albert Speeris mier Seqmnili
arqiteqturis asociacias iwvevs da mesame raixis kulturis
miTs acocxlebs mnaxvelis Tvalwin.
216
kiferis damokidebuleba istoriisadmi araerTmniSvne-
lovania. arc gandideba da arc gakicxva, arc nostalgia da
arc ironia masTan ar gvxvdeba, igi arc moralistia da arc
romantikosi. esaa gancdaSi mxatvruli formiT Semotanili
istoriuli faqtebi, romlebic maT gaazrebas da warsulSi
`datovebas~ emsaxureba.* donald kaspiti werda: `axali ger-
manuli ferwera karg samsaxurs uwevs germanel xalxs. is am-
Svidebs germanuli kulturisa da istoriis warsulis aCrdi-
lebs – Rrmad Camarxul tabuirebul saidumlo monstrebs
ise, rom amis Semdgom adamianebi Tavs ganaxlebulad grZnoben.
maT eZlevaT mistikuri SesaZlebloba, Seqmnan axali iden-
toba. isini Tavisufldebian warsulis arsisagan mxatvruli
formiT aRorZinebis gziT~.**Mam kaTarzisuli esTetikis Seqm-
naSi ara marto Tematika da saxe-xatebi monawileobs, aramed
masalac – miwa da cecxli, anu yvelaferi is, risi saSualebi-
Tac adamiani istoriulad gadioda iniciacias, masSi kvdeboda
Zveli da ibadeboda axali. es erTgvari alqimiaa, romelic
kiferis SemoqmedebaSi aqtiurad monawileobs saboloo Se-
degis – kaTarzisis dadgomaSi.
amgvarad, kiferi axali figuraciis is gamorCeuli figu-
raa, romelsac ainteresebs maradiuli sakraluri orienti-
rebis sicocxliunarianoba swrafad cvalebad, Rirebulebebs
moklebul, mravalsaxovan, simultanur postmodernistul
samyaroSi. es problema met-naklebad yvela qveynis (yvelaze
naklebad aSS-Si)*** axali figuraciis erT-erTi aqtualuri
Temaa. swored es aaxloebs am mimdinareobas 80-iani wlebis
qarTul mxatvrobasTan.
* Е. Андреева. Рассказы о художниках. Проблема живописи около 1980 года. СПБ, 1999,
gv. 222.
** D.B. Kuspit, Flak from the “Radicals”: The American Case against Current German Painting//
Art after Modernism: Rethinking Representation. gv. 141
*** es bunebrivicaa, amerika sazogadod evropasTan SedarebiT naklebadaa is-
torizirebuli da `mexsierebiT Sewuxebuli~; amasTan erTad, amerikas ar
Sexebia formisa da istoriis gamanadgurebeli omi, da Sesabamisad, ar hqo-
nia pirovnuli da erovnuli identobis, rogorc kulturis problema. ami-
tomacaa, rom misi xelovneba ufro metad iyo orientirebuli formalizmze,
unifikaciaze, rac SesaZlebels xdida abstraqciisa da misi saxeebis, mini-
malizmisa da neo-geos aq warmoSobasa da farTod gavrcelebas.
217
karlo kaWarava jer kidev 80-iani wlebis II naxevarSi
qarTuli mxatvrobis Sesaxeb werda: `axalgazrda mxatvarTa
mier pirvelad gacxadda, rom mxatvroba gacilebiT metia
arsebul, dogmatur CarCoebSi moqceul warmodgenaze mis
Sesaxeb: pirvelad gaCnda survili mxatvrobis eniT, misi
meSveobiT gacilebiT metis gamosaxvisa, vidre `ferweru-
li~ problematikiT manipulireba iyo~.* da es `meti~ swored
istoriis wiaRSi davanebuli sakraluri maradiuli orien-
tirebi gaxldaT, romelTa moZiebis da damkvidrebis sur-
vili am Taobam gamoTqva Tavis SemoqmedebaSi. saqarTvelos
istoriisadmi interesi da misi gaazrebis survili gacxadda
80-ianelTa I Taobis mxatvrebTan levan WoRoSvilTan da gia
buRaZesTan.
swored am periodSi levan WoRoSvili qmnis istoriul
suraTebs `saqarTvelos patriarqebi~ da `zurab aragvis
erisTavis mokvdineba~, gremis muzeumis dakveTiT asrulebs
qarTvel mefeTa portretebs da aseve qmnis serias `ganadgu-
rebuli aristokratia~, romelSic drama wilnayaria liriz-
mTan da nostalgiasTan.
l. WoRoSvilis kaxeTis mefeTa portretebis seriac mxat-
vris mier dramatul-lirikul WrilSia gadawyvetili. erTi
SexedviT, es saparado portretebia. Zvirfas samefo samosel-
Si gamowyobili mefeebi sazeimo, amaRlebul ganwyobilebas
qmnian, magram, amave dros, TiToeuli maTganis saxeSi, mefur
RirsebasTan erTad, erTgvari sevda da simZime igrZnoba,
erTdroulad lirizmi da tragizmi gamosWvivis. l. WoRoS-
vilis es seria faqtiurad mxatvris arsSi, misi TanagrZnobis
prizmaSi gatarebuli saqarTvelos bed-iRbals gadaWdobi-
li TiToeuli mefis pirovnuli dramaa. es drama-portrete-
bia, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas.
meore qarTveli mxatvari, romelmac istoriul Temas
Tavis SemoqmedebaSi udidesi adgili dauTmo gia buRaZe gax-
ldaT. swored levan WoRoSvilis mefeTa portretebTan er-
Tad 1985 wels mxatvris saxlSi gamofina man Tavisi qarTlis
cxovrebis seria. am gamofenam saxelwodebiT `istoriidan~,
�� k. kaWarava. statiebi, qarTuli avangardi (80-iani wlebi), Tb., 2006, gv. 176.
218
romelSic saerTo TemiT – saqarTvelos istoriiT – gaerTi-
anebuli ori mxatvari monawileobda, sazogadoebis didi
interesi gamoiwvia da mas marTlac arnaxuli warmateba xvda
wilad. gamofena sazogadoebis moTxovniT gaagrZeles, mxat-
vris saxlTan rigebi idga. adamianebi udidesi interesiT
saaTobiT aTvalierebdnen namuSevrebs, iyo SemTxvevebi,
rom tirodnen kidec. es axali Taobis saetapo gamofena iyo,
romelzec moxda ara mxolod mxatvruli, aramed maTi zne-
obrivi da erovnuli orientirebis warmoCena da faseulo-
baTa gacxadeba.
g. buRaZis `qarTlis cxovrebis~ serias win uZRvoda misi
gataceba germanuli kulturiT – miTologiiT, filosofiiT,
musikiT, mxatvrobiT. kiferis msgavsad, misi ideali iyo ri-
harg vagneri da misi musikaluri dramis SemoqmedebiTi prin-
cipebi. mxatvari Tavisi Semoqmedebis adreul etapze swored
germanuli miTologiiTa da vagneriT gatacebis Sedegad
qmnis e.w vagneris serias, romelSic germanuli miTologiis
Temebze Seqmnili suraTebi: `parsifali~, `monsalvaTis mTa~,
`rainis oqro~ da sxv. Sedis. magram es mxatvrisaTvis mxolod
mosamzadebeli etapi iyo saqarTvelos istoriis goeTeanur-
vagnerianuli principiT gasaazreblad da mis vizualur is-
toriad gardasasaxad. amisaTvis mxatvari amuSavebs qarTlis
cxovrebis teqstebs, ecnoba samecniero literaturas da
qmnis didi zomis monumentur tiloebs, romlebic qarT-
velobis sawyisebs da qristianobis miRebis istorias asaxavs.
oRond ara TxrobiT-naratiuli, aramed ganzogadebul-monu-
menturi formiT; zogjer amaRlebuli, romantikuli, zog-
jer intimuri, lirikuli da zogjer mistikuri ganwyobiT?.
magram aq versad SexvdebiT dasavluri `axali figuraciis~
mxatvrebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel racionalizms, gaucxoebasa
da ironias. esaa istoriis epikur-romantikuli vizualuri
saxe-xatebi.
am serias mosdevs `aTcamet asurel mamaTa seria~ da vax-
tang gorgaslis seria, romelSic vaxtang gorgaslis brZo-
lebis scenebia warmodgenili. aq aucileblad gagvaxsendeba
anselm kiferis `germanelTa cnobili brZolebi~, Tumca, ma-
Sin g. buRaZem araferi icoda kifersa da misi am seriis Sesaxeb.
219
rogorc davinaxeT, warsulis kvlevis saSualebiT mara-
diuli sakraluri orientirebis moniSvna, maTi suraTobrivi,
mxatvrul-artistuli formiT warmoCena dasavluri `axali
figuraciis~ da amave periodis qarTuli mxatvrobis saerTo
principia, Tumca, rogorc mxatvrul- esTetikuri mxare, ise
Tavad istoriisadmi damokidebuleba sruliad gansvavebulia.
germanelebis damokidebuleba sakuTari istoriisadmi
zogjer kritikul-racionaluria, zogjer ironiuli, zog-
jer neitraluri, magram yovelTvis distancirebuli, erT-
gvarad gaucxoebuli, TiTqos istoria garedanaa danaxuli.
qarTvelebis damokidebuleba sakuTari istoriisadmi ide-
alizebul-romantikuli, nostalgiur-lirikuli, dramatu-
li da aradistancirebulia. isini sakuTar Tavs TiTqos Sig-
niT, jer kidev am istoriis wiaRSi arsebulad aRiqvamen. sa-
kuTari istoriisadmi mimarTebaTa es sxvaoba intenciaTa
gansxvavebulobiT SeiZleba aixsnas.
germanelisaTvis istoriis gacnobiereba esaa Sinagani
tkivilisagan, danaSaulis grZnobisagan gaTavisuflebis sa-
Sualeba, romelic am ers garkveuli uaxloesi istoriuli
realiebis gamo aqvs. mamoZravebelia survili istoriisgan
ganTavisuflebisa, misi warsulSi datovebisa. amgvari dis-
tancireba maTTvis SesaZlebelia, ramdenadac Tavad prob-
lemis saTave ekzistencialur doneze aRar arsebobs, is
warsulSi darCa. samagierod germanelebs aqvT myari saxel-
mwifoebrivi awmyo, romelic garantirebuli momavlis sawin-
daria da romelSic maT fsiqologiur doneze daleqili da-
naSaulis kompleqsisagan gaTavisufleba surT, kaTarziss
eswrafvian. am mizans ki germaneli mxatvrebi istoriuli faq-
tebisa Tu calkeuli pirovnebebis mkafio definicirebis,
zusti saxeldeba-gansazRvrebis, yvelafrisaTvis sakuTari
adgilis miCenis gziT aRweven. odesRac tabuirebul vagner-
sa da nicSes kiferisaTvis kuTvnili adgili aqvT misi qveynis
istoriaSi, iseve, rogorc hitlers.
rogorc Cans, istoriis racionalurad, kritikulad,
distancirebulad gaazreba myari saxelmwifoebrivi awmyos
SemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli. 80-iani wlebis dasawyisSi ki, jer
220
kidev sabWoTa kavSiris pirobebSi, rodesac adamianebi saku-
Tar erovnul identobas ver pouloben awmyoSi anu awmyo ar
arsebobs – warsuls sxva fasi adevs da sakuTari identobis
marcvlebsac qarTveli mxatvrebi swored iq eZieben. warsuli
realiebis romantikuli saxiT amoweviT isini nostalgiurad
ocneboben momavalze da sakuTar SemoqmedebaSi warsulis
gavliT momavlis identobas qmnian. roca ar gaqvs awmyo da mo-
mavalze mxolod ocnebob, erTaderTi warsuliRa grCeba da
Tu masac gaiucxoveb, gaakritikeb, mTlad aRaraferi SegrCeba
xelT sakuTari identobis dasturad. am yvelafers, rogorc
Cans, qarTveli xelovanebi intuiturad, TviTgadarCenis in-
stiqtisa da utyuari alRos wyalobiT yovelTvis grZnob-
dnen da evropuli xelovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel TviTkri-
tikas delikaturad uvlidnen gverds. da es exeba aramarto
mxatvrobas, aramed mTel qarTul kulturas.
dabolos, kidev erTs davamatebdi: Cven maSin, 80-iani
wlebis pirvel naxevarSi gvegona, rom avangardistebi nonfi-
guraciis warmomadgenlebi iyvnen, dRevandeli gadasaxedi-
dan ki aRmoCnda, rom dasavleTsa da CvenSi erTmaneTisagan
damoukideblad paraleluri procesebi swored figuraciaSi
mimdinareobda da, Sesabamisad, avangardSi swored qarTuli
figuraciis warmomadgenlebi aRmoCndnen.
221
lela oCiauri
igavSi dabruneba
uaxlesi qarTuli kinos erTi Zveli „ganaxlebuli“
tendenciis garSemo
manana SamiliSvili
„melodramatuli mediakulturis“
qarTuli paradigmebi
damowmebani:
247
MEMORIA*
manana kvataia
248
wavleblis aRsazrdelebs xelnaweri Jurnali `Tanamedrove~
dauarsebiaT, romlis pirvel nomers dimitri SevardnaZis mi-
er daxatuli Sileris suraTi amSvenebda. `mzad viyaviT, karl
mooriviT da fridrix teliviT iaraRiT gamovsuliyaviT
mtarvalebis winaaRmdeg~, – ixsenebs ymawvilobas mwerali.
quTaisis realuri saswavleblis 6 klasis damTavrebis
Semdeg gonier Wabuks yurad ar uRia direqtoris rCeva:
`germaniaSi nu midixar, iq umaRles saswavlebelSi viwro
specialur ganaTlebas iZleviano~, TbilisSi Casula da iqe-
dan evropaSi gamgzavrebula. germaniaSi geronti qiqo-Zes
aRmouCenia, rom qalaqis mcxovrebTa did nawils iq pro-
letariati Seadgenda, Tumca sulieri kulturis yvela sfe-
roSi gabatonebuli poziciebi burJuaziul ideologias
eWira da ara marqsizms, rogor es ekonomikurad ufro Camor-
Cenil ruseTSi iyo.
swavlas mowyurebul axalgazrdas laifcigis univer-
sitetis filosofiis fakulteti SeurCevia. rogorc Tvi-
Tonve aRniSnavs, Tavis droze es saswavlebeli daumTavre-
biaT: laibnics, goeTes, fixtes, Selings da sxvebs. qarTvel
students, erTi mxriv, moswonebia cnobili universitetis
kargad dayenebuli swavlebis kursi, sistematur Sromas da
meTodur azrovnebas rom aCvevda axal Taobebs, amave dros,
mas isic SeuniSnavs, rom saswavlebelSi originaluri Semoq-
medebiTi sulis Sesusteba igrZnoboda. iqaur swavlulTagan
yvelaze saxelganTqmuli laifcigeli profesori vilhelm
vundti yofila, gansakuTrebuli gavlena hqonia profe-
sor ernst maxs, getingenel profesor edmund huserlis,
romelic, qiqoZis TqmiT, obieqturi idealizmis tradiciebs
icavda. Tumca wlebis gadasaxedidan swavlebis imdroindel
sistemas mwerali ase afasebs: `saeWvod mimaCnia, rom Tund
yvelaze saxelovani mecnieris leqciebsa da eqsperimentebs
SeeZlos, adamiani filosofosad da fsiqologad aqcios, Tu
mas Tandayolili ara aqvs moazrovnis da sulTa mesaidumlis
niWi~ (qiqoZe 1985: 557).
laifcigeli qarTveli studentebis ufro aqtiuri nawi-
li (7-8 kaci) bolSevikebis jgufSi gaerTianebula, jgufs ki
249
xelmZRvanelobda mixeil daviTaSvili, romelic, g. qiqoZis
TqmiT, `mzad iyo, Wrilobebi mieRo marqsisa da leninis moZ-
Rvrebis dasacavad~. ruseT-iaponiis omis dros qarTveli
axalgazrdebi samSobloSi dabrunebulan, radgan romanove-
bis monarqiis damxobis imedi gasCeniaT. Tumca studentebi
maleve darwmunebulan, rom ruseTis imperia ufro myarad
idga fexze, vidre maTTvis sasurveli iyo. saqarTveloSi
geronti qiqoZe revoluciur moZraobaSi Cabmula, amasTan,
Jurnal `mogzaurSi~ pirvel werilebsac beWdavda. aq `is
icavda marqsisa da daselebis pozicias, rac ganpirobebuli
iyo... arsebuli reJimisadmi winaaRmdegobis gawevis survi-
liT~ (e. kodua). geronti qiqoZis imdroindeli mrwamsiT, Se-
iaraRebuli ajanyebisaTvis momzadeba revoluciur xanaSi
social-demokratiis didi vali iyo (qiqoZe 2003: 51). e. koduas
miTiTebiT, axalgazrda geronti male acnobierebs, rom `mar-
qsizmi antierovnuli, kosmopolituri Teoria iyo, romelsac
ar ainteresebda adamianis bedi~.
1905 wels geronti qiqoZe saqarTveloSi mcire xniT da-
akaves da cimbirSi gadasaxlebas mxolod bednieri SemTxve-
vis wyalobiT gadaurCa. garkveuli drois Semdeg is kvlav
evropaSi dabrunebula da arsebuli realobisa da sakuTari
cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT politiku-
ri da zneobrivi idealebi gadaufasebia. `ganvicade sulieri
krizisi... me davrwmundi, rom internacionalizmis princi-
pebi, cota ar iyos, calmxrivad da abstraqtulad mqonda aT-
visebuli~, – wers igi.
amasTan, niWier axalgazrdas sxva eWvic gasCenia. is rwmun-
deboda, rom oden filosofosTa fundamenturi Sromebis
SeswavliT sasurvel Sedegs ver miiRebda: `SeiZleba igive
momsvloda, rac rables pantagruels mouvida, e.i. rac mets
viswavlidi, miT ufro ugunuri viqnebodi... ar mecodineboda
adamianis suli~ (qiqoZe 1985: 608). gonieri, erudirebuli
Wabuki evropul mecnierebaSi amaod eZebda misTvis saWir-
boroto kiTxvebis pasuxs. igi TandaTan rwmundeboda, rom
sulier sicarieles mxolod floberis romanebiTa da Sope-
nis preludiebiT ver amoavsebda. `moazrovnisa da sulTa me-
250
saidumlis~ niWiT cxebulma geronti qiqoZem am ukmarisobis
mTavar mizezs male miakvlia: `qarTuli kulturis istorias
cudad vicnobdi, magram swori intuiciiT vgrZnobdi, rom
mxolod Cemi samSoblos kulturul warsulSi SemeZlo mepov-
na sanaTuri, romelic bnel gzebs gaminaTebda skepticizmis
labirinTSi~.
1910 wels g. qiqoZe kvlav saqarTveloSi dabrunebula.
male Jandarmerias daurbevia `saxalxo gazeTi~, social-fe-
deralistebis partia da misi beladebi (garda avadmyofi ar-
Cil jorjaZisa) daupatimrebia. TanamoazreTa daxmarebis
mizniT qiqoZes darbeul gazeTSi sruliad usasyidlod da-
uwyia muSaoba, Tumca male isic daukavebiaT da metexis ci-
xeSi CausvamT. mTavrobis winaSe amjerad general mayaSvils
uSuadgomlia da geronti qiqoZes neba darTes, germaniaSi
dabrunebuliyo.
samSoblos ganridebulma qarTvelma swavlulma ganaT-
lebis srulyofis mizniT bavariis qalaq miunxens miaSura,
romelsac, misi TqmiT, `germaniis aTens~ uwodebdnen. mogvi-
anebiT amave misiiT man moiara berni, briuseli, badeni, parizi
da a.S. `Cemi samSoblodan gandevnis ukanaskneli dReebi ev-
ropaSi gansakuTrebiT gavarvarebul atmosferoSi gavata-
re~, – ixsenebs geronti qiqoZe da imasac acnobierebs, rom
imJamindeli dasavleT evropis krizisi martooden esTeti-
kuri xasiaTisa ar iyo: is uwinaresad msoflmxedvelobisa da
zneobrivi idealebis krizisi gaxldaT.
Ziebis procesSi axali orientiri gamoikveTa: safuZvli-
anma ganaTlebam da evropulma gamocdilebam g. qiqoZes sam-
Soblos aRorZinebis idea STaagona: `me ar vaxdendi qarTveli
eris desakralizacias. magram darwmunebuli viyavi, rom Zve-
li iberiuli da kolxuri tomebis Camomavlebs jansaRi fes-
vebi hqondaT da beberi muxis totebs, mravaljer gasxepilT
mtrebis mier, axali norCi ylortebis gamoReba SeeZloT~.
`ganTiadidan DSuadRemde~ mogviTxrobs, rom 1914 wlis apri-
lis erT Tbil, mzian dRes qarTvelma swavlulma bulonis
tyeSi iseirna, gamoemSvidoba megobrebs da samSoblos mo-
aSura. oriode TveSi pirveli msoflio omic daiwyo.
251
TiTqmis 100 wlis win geronti qiqoZes zustad SeuniSnavs
imdroindeli msoflios gansxvavebuli ritmi: `cxovrebis
tempi arasodes yofila ase Cqari da aRelvebuli, rogorc
dRes aris. gansakuTrebiT warmoebisa da aReb-mimcemobis as-
parezze. erovnuli aqtivoba dRevandeli adamianis Tvisebaa~
(qiqoZe 2003: 141).
swavluli kargad acnobierebda, rom gasuli saukunis da-
sawyisSi axali teqnikis SemweobiT waiSala Zveli geografi-
uli da topografiuli sazRvrebi, saerTaSoriso urTier-
Toba ki ufro mWidro da wesieri gaxda. geronti qiqoZis
daskvniT, gamanaTebeli Tu gamaTbobeli kulturuli ener-
gia dasavleT evropidan eZleoda kacobriobas. amitom, misi
azriT, saWiroa, farTod gavaRoT dasavleTis karebi, raTa
uxvad Semovides evropuli ideebi da Sexedulebebi: `dasav-
leTis karebis gaReba udides sakiTxs warmoadgens yoveli
TviTSemcnobi da moqmedi erisaTvis, uamisod mis keras ga-
cieba da mis sxeuls gayinva moelis~. g. qiqoZes imedi aqvs, rom
`aseT pirobebSi qarTveli eric Tavs daaxwevs viwro da nes-
tian senaks, sadac is didxans iyo gamomwyvdeuli da farTo
kulturul asparezze gamova~ (`dasavleTis karebi~).
geronti qiqoZis daskvniT, kultura da xelovneba qveynis
eqsistencialuri arsebobisaTvis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobi-
saa: `ra azri aqvs iseTi xalxis politikur TviTmmarTvelo-
basa da damoukideblobas, romelsac arc kulturosani ena
aqvs, arc Taviseburi zne-Cveulebebi, arc ganviTarebuli
literatura, xelovneba da msoflmxedveloba. aseT xalxs
pirveli gamvleli daepatroneba ise, rom misi Segnebac ki ar
aRSfoTdeba~ (qiqoZe 2003: 219).
amasTan, qarTveli moazrovnis dakvirvebiT, `xelovneba,
literatura, filosofia erTgvar komforts warmoadgens
ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT. maTi Seqmna mxolod iseT erebs
SeuZliaT, romelnic sakmaod uzrunvelyofilni da morW-
mulni arian qonebrivad da, sawarmoo kapitals garda, Tavi-
sufali fondic gaaCniaT~. geronti qiqoZe kulturis ar-
sebiT maxasiaTebelsac originalurad gaiazrebs: `yoveli
namdvili erovnuli kultura avtonomiuria TavisTavad. ki-
252
dev meti: yoveli fesvmagari da erovnuli kultura arsebi-
Tad damoukidebeli aris~ (`kulturuli avtonomia~). amave
dros, pirveli msoflio omis pirobebSi g. qiqoZe fiqrobs,
rom `kulturas arasodes ar hqonia ise naTlad garkveuli na-
cionaluri elferi, rogoric dRes aqvs~ (iqve, gv. 97-98).
evropaSi ganaTlebamiRebul swavluls samSobloSi wi-
naaRmdegobrivi suraTi uxilavs: “erTi mxriT, kosmopolite-
bi damxvdnen, romelnic sruliad ararad Tvlidnen qarTul
kulturas, xolo meore mxriT, yalbi patriotebi, romelnic
mzad iyvnen, kacobriobis kulturis istoria qarTulidan
daewyoT~.
cnebaTa da RirebulebaTa aRrevis pirobebSi geronti
qiqoZe cdilobda, erovnuli ideologiisa da orientirebis
CamoyalibebisaTvis ezruna. is Tanamemamuleebs Seaxsenebda:
`axali xana iwyeba kacobriobis istoriaSi. kacobrioba axa-
li idealebis mixedviT ewyoba.. yoveli cocxali eri iZule-
bulia, Sesaferi adgili gamonaxos am axal saerTaSoriso
wyobilebaSi~.
arsebuli realobis gaTvaliswinebiT, swavluli Camor-
Cenili imperiis marwuxebSi moqceuli qarTveli eris menta-
lur reformirebasa da WeSmariti Rirebulebebisaken Semob-
runebas eswrafoda. am mizniT man sruliad axal, `erovnuli
energiis~ eqsistencialur koncepts mimarTa da misi gamov-
lena gaanaliza sulieri kulturis sxvadasxva sferoSi. ama-
ve saTauris cnobili teqsti 1914 wels `saxalxo gazeTSi~
gamoqveynda da mkiTxvels qveynis sasicocxlo problemati-
kis sruliad axleburi xedva SesTavaza. `Cvens mxrebs naTlad
atyvia im droSaTa daRi, warsulSi rom gvitarebia~, – erT-er-
Ti evropeli mwerlis es aforizmi, g. qiqoZis azriT, im ereb-
sac Seefereba, romelTac, qarTvelebis ar iyos, TavianTi
warsulis Semecneba sruliad daClungebuli aqvT.
mwerlisa da publicistis maxvil mzeras, upirvelesad,
TvalSi xvdeba rogorc misi Tanamedrove, ise warsuli drois
saqarTvelos mentaluri gaTiSulobis problema, romelsac
igi ori mopirdapire msoflmxedvelobis SejaxebiT xsnis.
geronti qiqoZe iliaseuli pirdapirobiT ganumartavs
axali realobiT dabneul da gaurkvevlobis burusSi myof
253
Tanamemamuleebs: `cxovreba filanTropuli dawesebuleba
rodia, is arc sanatoriumia sisxlnaklebTa da nervebaSlil-
TaTvis. cxovreba didi dramaa, titanur ZalTa Setakebaa da
dramaSi mxolod imas aqvs adgili, vinc mudmiv mzadaa Tav-
dacvisa da brZolisaTvis~. Sesabamisad, mwerali sakuTar
xalxs aqtiurobisaken mouwodebs: `qarTvelma erma TviT un-
da gasWedos Tavisi bedi. man unda aamoZraos materialuri,
sawarmoo Zalebi, man saZirkveli unda Cauyaros Tanamedrove
meurneobasa da industrias, gawmindos Tavisi ena ucxo ele-
mentebisagan, Seqmnas axali mwerloba da xelovneba. uamisod
mas adgili ara aqvs Tanamedrove erTa did kulturul ojaxSi~.
qveynis am masStabur modernizebas uzarmazari Zalis-
xmevac sWirdeboda. geronti qiqoZe acnobierebda, rom `yve-
laze didi nakli erovnebisaTvis uenergioba da unayofobaa
da rom am nakls verasodes ver dafaravs umWevrmetyvelesi
kosmopolituri frazeologia~. publicisti cdilobda, Ta-
na-memamuleTaTvis ganesazRvra umTavresi amocana: `Cven ki
dRes erovnuli razmebi gvWirdeba, erovnuli disciplinis
gamoaSkaraveba da erovnuli energiis gaSla~, – paTetikurad
mouwodebda igi.
werilSi `erovneba da teritoria~ (`saxalxo gazeTi~, 1914
w. #117-118, 120, 124) g. qiqoZe damoukidebeli nacionaluri
saxelmwifosa da avtonomiis konceptebs ganmartavs. maTgan
pirvels gaTviTcnobierebuli erovnebis Sesafer politi-
kur formas uwodebs, meore, misi azriT, `mxolod safexu-
ria am idealis misaRwevad~. geronti qiqoZisaTvis `erovneba
cocxali organizmia da is mwvave tkivilebs ganicdis, sanam
Sesafer politikur formas ipovides~.
qarTveli swavlulis dakvirvebiT, `urTierToba erovne-
basa da teritorias Soris organulia da ara meqanikuri.
erovneba warmoadgens organul arsebas da teritoria misi
bunebrivi safuZvelia. erovnuli teritoria iseTive `mouci-
lebeli moTxovnilebaa~, rogorc erovnuli kulturis ar-
seboba, zrda da ganviTareba SeuZlebelia uteritoriod~.
Tavisi sivrciTa da saerTaSoriso mdgomareobiT saqarTvelo
g. qiqoZes belgiasa da Sveicarias agonebs da ara ruseTs Tu avs-
254
trias. Sesabamisad, misi fiqriT, avtonomiurad Tavisufali
saqarTvelos politika imperialisturi da militaristuli
mimarTulebis arasodes iqneba: `Cveni momavali aris ara mili-
tarizmsa da omebSi, aramed Tavisufal kulturul Semoq-
medebaSi~ (`saxalxo gazeTi~, 1914 w. #117-118, 120, 124).
geronti qiqoZe imasac acnobierebs, rom axal pirobebSi
Camoyalibda misi Tanamedrove adamianis gansxvavebuli tipi:
nerviuli, mousvenari, energiuli, romlisTvisac `es qveyana
farTo saxelosnoa, Tavad ki damoukidebeli ostati~. pub-
licistis azriT, saqarTvelo am TvalsazrisiTac CamorCeni-
lia: xalxs aklia sistematuri, auCqarebeli, mizanSewonili
Sromis unari. `bunebiT mouTmenelni varT da SemTxveviT an
ucabedad gamdidrebaze vocnebobT. am mxriv saSualo sau-
kuneebis mekobreebsa da raindebs ufro vgevarT, vidre Tana-
medrove adamianebs~, – wers igi da Tanamemamuleebs aqtiuri
qmedebisaken mouwodebs, radgan… `oqros mindvrebi ar arse-
bobs. oqros silas ki Segroveba, gawmenda da gadadnoba unda,
e.i. xangrZlivi da meToduri muSaoba. Cven gvgonia, rom saer-
TaSoriso kapitalizmi erT mSvenier dRes Cvenzec moiRebs
mowyalebas, aamoZravebs da ganaviTarebs Cvens samSoblos
sawarmoo Zalebs... es fatalisturi rwmenac erTgvari naS-
Tia warsuli droebisa~. g. qiqoZe ganmartavs, rom `erovnul
simdidres mxolod cocxali erovnuli energia qmnis~. amave
dros, misi rwmeniT, Cveni qveynisaTvis kapitalizmi mxolod
im SemTxvevaSi iqneba xelsayreli, Tuki es ganviTareba Cvenive
mwarmoebeli klasebis SemweobiT moxdeba. geronti qiqoZe
SeuZleblad miiCnevs samoqalaqo cxovrebis gamococxlebas,
Tu Cvens bunebriv simdidreebs ucxoeli kapitalistebi
daepatronebian.
qarTveli swavluli pirveli msoflio omis Semdeg Cvens
qveyanaSi ucxouri kapitalis farTo Semotevas elodeba (ix.
misi `ucxo kapitali~, `saxalxo furceli~, 1915, № 234), rac,
misi dakvirvebiT, ama Tu am qveynisaTvis safrTxe ar gaxlavT,
`Tu mas win ganviTarebuli erovnuli Segneba da damoukide-
beli politikuri Zala egebeba.… magram, roca qveyana erovnul
Segnebasa da saxelmwifo Zalas moklebulia, ucxo kapitalis
255
gavlena pirdapir gamanadgurebeli xdeba~, – wers qiqoZe. ama-
ve dros, mas swams, rom saerTaSoriso ekonomikur ferxulSi
Cveni burJuaziac Caebmeba da kapitalis dagroveba-koncen-
tracia CvenSic daiwyeba.
1916 wels gazeT `saqarTvelos~ (№187) daubeWdavs geron-
ti qiqoZis werili `meurneoba da erovnuli energia~, sadac
gaanalizebulia im dros araCveulebrivi tempiT mzardi mi-
mosvlisa da aReb-mimcemobis tendenciebi: `Sromis ganawile-
ba saerTaSoriso xdeba. msoflio ekonomikuri wes-wyobileba
emsgavseba erT did saxelosnos, romelSic TiToeuli wevri
iseT rames akeTebs, rac ufro iafad ujdeba da exerxeba~, –
vkiTxulobT werilSi.
geronti qiqoZe originalurad da pragmatulad gaiaz-
rebs Sromis ganawilebisa da specializaciis problemas.
misTvis amosavali qveynis klimaturi pirobebia, romlis
mixedviT, saqarTvelos zogierTi kuTxe SeiZleba mTlad ve-
naxad gadaiqces, zogierTi – xexilis baRad (Savi zRvis piras
– Tambaqo, Cai, dafna da a.S.). magram, swavlulis dakvirvebiT,
CvenSi Sromis aseTi danawileba ar xdeba, erovnuli energia
unayofod ikargeba. amave dros, Cvens meurneobas Seferxebis
umTavresi mizezic aqvs: `esaa Cveni umecreba da mconareoba~.
g. qiqoZe xazgasmiT miuTiTebs, rom mowinave erebis meurneo-
ba racionalur codnasa da mecnierebazea dafuZnebuli, Cven
ki `dResac daaxloebiT ise vxnavT da vTesavT, rogorc Cveni
Soreuli winaprebi~, Cveni saxnisebi da orTiTebi ki amJamad
muzeumebs ufro Seefereba. am sirTuleTa dasaZlevad g. qi-
qoZe Tanamemamuleebs qveyanaSi sameurneo ganaTlebis gavr-
celebas urCevs, amasTan, is swavla-ganaTlebis mimarTulebi-
Tac ukmayofiloa: `Cven exla ufro kargi qvismTlelebi,
meCeqmeebi da meurneebi gvWiria, vidre cudi veqilebi, eqime-
bi an moxeleebi~.
Tavis konceptualur opusebSi geronti qiqoZem qarTuli
realobis mravali saWirboroto problema gaanaliza. ker-
Zod, mwerlobis ganviTarebis gzebs man miuZRvna `literatu-
ra da erovnuli energia~ (ix. `saxalxo furceli~, 1915, #241),
sadac publicisti marTebulad gansazRvravs literaturis
256
rols kulturosani erebis cxovrebaSi. mwerloba, misi az-
riT, didi socialuri Zalaa, erovnuli energiis gaRvivebas
rom uwyobs xels. qiqoZe kritikuladaa ganwyobili mxatvru-
li saxeebiTa da SinaarsiT Raribi misive Tanamedrove qarTu-
li mwerlobis mimarT. is, rom CvenSi bevrad meti lirikuli
leqsi iwereba, vidre moTxroba, romani da drama, qiqoZis az-
riT, imis maCvenebelicaa, rom Cvens mwerlobas SemoqmedebiTi
energia aklia. kritikoss isic aSfoTebs, rom qarTvel xalxs
jer kidev ar Seuqmnia Tanamedrove romani. es imas niSnavs,
rom `mas jer kidev ar aRmouCenia Tavisi esTetiuri saxe~.
amave dros, misi TqmiT, mecxramete saukune socialuri da
fsiqologiuri romanis saukunea, sadac gamoixata `Tanamed-
rove evropuli kulturis simdidre, Zalovaneba, mraval-
feradoba~.
geronti qiqoZes swams, rom… qarTul sityvakazmul mwer-
lobas aRorZineba moelis, amisaTvis ki `Cvens dRevandel
literaturas ZiriTadi reforma sWiria: is daxavsebulia
teqnikurad da Raribi ideurad~. reformireba aucilebeli
procesia, radgan sityvakazmuli mwerloba erTi udide-
si elementia Cveni erovnuli energiis gasaZliereblad da
gasaviTareblad.
aranakleb kritikuli da eqspresiulia 1914 wels `saxal-
xo furcelSi~ dabeWdili `ena da erovnuli energia~, sadac
g. qiqoZe qarTuli enis ganviTarebis problemebs ganixilavs.
misi TqmiT, `ena ar aris sityvaTa da gamoTqmaTa mkvdari leq-
sikoni, is cocxali salaroa ideaTa da emociaTa~ da, rac uf-
ro mdidaria eris istoriuli warsuli, miT ufro mraval-
ferovania misi ena. geronti qiqoZe qarTvelobas energiuli
erebis ricxvs akuTvnebs, radgan es energia gamoixata ara
marto taZrebSi, cixe-koSkebSi Tu mis mier gadatanil omeb-
Si, aramed enasa da literaturaSi. Tumca kritikosisaTvis
misi Tanamedrove ena da, Sesabamisad, azrovneba, uformo
da uenergioa, aRar arsebobs masStaburoba. ioane petriwis,
SoTa rusTavelis, vaxtang meeqvsisa da daviT guramiSvilis
memkvidreebi TavianT SemoqmedebaSi eskizebsa da miniatu-
rebs ver scdebian.
257
am savalalo mdgomareobidan gamosvlisaTvis g. qiqoZe
Tanamemamuleebs qarTuli klasikuri mwerlobisa da xalxu-
ri enis Seswavlas urCevs, radgan `qarTuli literaturuli
ena ise unda gaiwmindos, rom ar gaRaribdes~. gamdidrebuli
ena ki, kritikosis azriT, `saukeTeso iaraRi iqneba mTliani
saqarTvelos ideis gasamtkiceblad. is xels Seuwyobs Zlieri
erovnuli azrovnebis ganviTarebasac~. dResac aqtualurad
JRers g. qiqoZis Segoneba: `qarTuli ena imdenad mdidari,
kulturuli da keTilxmovania, rom is WeSmaritad Rirsia
meti pativiscemisa~.
1919 wels, saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis ar-
sebobisas, geronti qiqoZis `erovnuli energia~ calke wignad
daibeWda, is 255 gverds moicavda. komunisturi teroris pi-
robebSi es gamocema represirebuli wignebis ricxvSi aRmoC-
nda. dRes `erovnuli energia~, iseve, rogorc mwerlis mTeli
inteleqtualuri memkvidreoba, kvlav Zlieri, Tavisufali
saqarTvelos ideals emsaxureba. geronti qiqoZis naazrevi
Tavis sistemur mkvlevars elis!
damowmebani:
258
maia jaliaSvili
damowmebani:
273
levan bregaZe
276
aRvweroT am leqsis gariTmvis sistema: aq gvxvdeba ro-
gorc intervaliani riTma, roca kenti striqonebi gauriT-
mavia (asea leqsis pirvel, mecxre da meTerTmete strofebSi),
aseve jvaredini riTmiT Sesrulebuli strofebi (eseni yve-
laze metia). sruliad gauriTmavia bolos wina strofi:
damowmebani:
278
ada nemsaZe
damowmebani:
290
lili metreveli
damowmebani:
295
salome boboxiZe
damowmebani:
300
E S S AY
zaza firaliSvili
teqstis dabadeba
305
erTi SexedviT, sruliad cxadad gqonda warmodgenili
is, rac unda dabadebuliyo. TiTqos misi yoveli wvrilmani
naTeli iyo, magram yvelaferi es jiutad geubneba uars si-
tyvebSi, ferebsa Tu bgerebSi „ganTavsebaze“. aris kidev erTi
ram, rac yvelas ganucdia, visac ki teqstis dabadebasTan
hqonia saqme: teqsti, rogorc idumali mavani, mas Semdeg, rac
misi pirveli Strixebi moginiSnavs TixiT, feriT Tu sityviT,
Wirveulad cdilobs, Tavis nebas dagiqvemdebaros. hoda,
iwyeba mSoblis maradiuli Tavgadasavali: fiqrob, rom Ta-
vad qmni raRacas, sinamdvileSi ki es raRac Tavisi nebelobis
wreSi gityuebs da am dapirispirebaSi ibadeba is, raSic ukve
Tavadac ver gagirkvevia zRvari sakuTar da im faruli „sxva“
nebelobas Soris. ubralod, eguebi, rom is aseTia da sxva ve-
raferi iqneba, rom is imdenad aris Seni, ramdenadac Svilia
Seni, mudam rom gaurbis im sazRvrebs, romlebic winaswar
mogixazavs misTvis.
ucnauri paralelia, magram yvelaferi es zedmiwevniT
hgavs pasiansis gaSlas. esec mcdelobaa, rom rogorme dia-
logi daamyaro im uvnebo da Seuwynarebel ZalebTan, Sens
arsebobas rom ganageben; amoicno mainc isini da amiT, vin-
Zlo, daZlio kidec. amas, cxadia, Tan sdevs SiSi, sasowarkve-
Ta, bedisweris axali xrikebis molodini, imedi, sixaruli,
sakuTari fiqrebiTa da sityvebiT naqsovi badisagan Tavis
daRwevisa da yvelafris xelaxla dawyebis imedi da kidev,
vin icis, ramdeni ram. cxadia xangamoSvebiT TvalTmaqcob da
Tavs ikatuneb, rom yovelive amas mniSvneloba ara aqvs da es
mxolod garTobaa, romelsac sisuleliT gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba mianiWe; sakuTar Tavsac tuqsav da mouwodeb,
rom fuW saqmianobaSi dro aRar dakargo da saqmes mixedo.
miuxedavad amisa, mcire xanSi isev da isev eflobi sakuTar
bedTan am farul da daZabul dialogSi manam, sanam yovel-
dRiuroba ar gaiZulebs, mowyde am usazriso brZolis xibls,
usazriso, magram, amavdroulad, yovladmniSvnelovan saqmes,
romelSic TiTqos raRac Zalian mniSvnelovani saidumloa
Camaluli – cocxali Tu ukve gamqrali imedebisa, momavali
gzisa, imisa, Tu risi daxatva surda Seni saxiT ufals, dabo-
los, imedi imisa, rom SeZleb da dausxltebi imas, rasac gsurs
rom dausxlte; bolos da bolos mouZebni gasaRebs bedis-
306
weris im rkals, TojinasaviT rom gaTamaSebs da Tavis nebaze
dahyavxar; aq Camalula is imedic, rom bolos da bolos Senc
gagexsneba da Sens nebas daeqvemdebareba savali gzebi. axla
warmoidgineT mdgomareoba, rodesac yvela es azri Tu vneba
erTianad xmianebs da gaiZulebs, rom kidev da kidev gaSalo es
ucnauri pasiansi, yoveli gaSlisas ki xelaxla miece sruli-
ad gulubryvilo, Tumca ki garduval imeds, rom yvelafris
xelaxla dawyeba SesaZlebelia. hoda, cdilob bedisweris me-
qanikur garduvalobas mouZebno is bzarebi, saidanac axali
cxovreba, axali ca da axali miwa daiwyeba. cdilob, rom erTi
diadi mefis msgavsad, erTi xelis dakvriT gakveTo is, rac
aqamde amoucnob gamocanad iyo aRmarTuli. sakuTari bedis
moxelvis Trobidan gaTavisufleba, albaT, SeuZlebelia.
lamis ukve Seni nebis gareSe dagatarebs Jiniani rwmena imisa,
rom zeciuri Tu qtonuri Zalebi, erTxelac, sruliad gan-
sakuTrebulad mogeqcevian da mTels Tavis madls gaziare-
ben. manam ki cdilob, Seni mpyrobeli Zalebis simkacresa da
ulmobelobaSi is xvreli moZebno, saidanac haeris sufTa da
grili nakadi Semoedineba. ufro metic, amqveynad veraferi
dagarwmunebs, rom beds ganwiruli hyavxar da Sens ocnebebs
aRsruleba ar uweria, radgan gulis siRrmeSi ukve didi xania
gadawyvite, rom cxovrebas mxolod mas Semdeg miiCnev dawye-
bulad, rodesac SeZleb da Seni sapyrobilis xist waxnagebs
gabzarav.
vin icis, ramdenjer Sewyvet am saqmes da ramdenjer dadeb
aRTqmas, rom aRkveTav drois am uazro fantvas, magram pa-
siansi ucnauri magnituri ZaliT isev da isev giTrevs da ga-
iZulebs kvlav da kvlav miubrunde mas, im imediT, rom fiqre-
bis, saxeebisa da ganwyobebis banqoTi nageb suraTSi am jerze
mainc gamoCndeba gza. erTi SexedviT, wyobaSi moZraobisa da
gzebis gamoCenis araviTari imedi ar Cans. TiTqos sabolood
Caiketa Cixi da ramdenic ar unda scado, yoveli mcdeloba
usasod Seawydeba pasiansis gauval Tu Seuval wyobas. Tumca
ra, Zalze iSviaTad magram mainc ucnauri ram xdeba: miuxe-
davad imisa, rom araferi Secvlila da arc araviTari gansa-
kuTrebul xerxi ar mogiSveliebia, wyoba TiTqos Sengan da-
moukideblad iwyebs gaSlas, silaRiT dagyveba da teqstis
SobiT mogvrili Svebisaken mihyavxar. an kidev, erTsa da imave
307
CixSi kidev erTxel mibrunebiT sasowarkveTili uceb Tvals
mokrav SesaZleblobas, aqamde rom ver SegimCnevia, mihyvebi
mas da, erTi SexedviT, usaSvelo da gauvali kedelic rRvevas
iwyebs, sulSi ki ukiduresi daZabulobis Semdeg Sveba, sixaru-
li da Tavdajerebuloba isadgurebs. hoda, swored am dros,
rodesac Seni sulis yvela simi gkarnaxobs, rom unda gaCerde
da dasjerde am moulodnel wyalobas, TiTqmis maSinve cdi-
lob igive gzis ganmeorebas, raTa daadasturo, rom gzis
gaxsna ar iyo SemTxveviTi da rom kosmosis Zalebma, rogorc
iqna, Tavis nebiera Svilad gaRiares.
da mainc, xom arseboben adamianebi, romelTac TiTqmis
araviTari Zalisxmeva ar sWirdebaT am saqmeSi warmatebis
misaRwevad? cxadia, arseboben. vin icis, ramden mavanSi aRu-
ZvriaT Suri bedis am nebierebs, gulis siRrmeSi ramdens
dauCivlia samyaros usamarTlobis gamo da vin icis, ram-
dens dausvams beWedi fiqrze, rom samyaro ar aris Seqmnili
samarTlianobisa da sikeTis principebiT, piriqiT, masSi
iracionaluri, Wirveuli neba batonobs da adamianis yvela
ukeTilSobilesi miswrafeba am gaurkveveli, yovlisSemZle
nebis msxverplad iqceva. vin icis, ramdenjer gifiqria kacs,
rom amgvar samyaroSi arseboba adamianis Rirsebis Seuracx-
myofelia da rom erTaderTi gamosavalia, agdebiT moepyro
mas – odnav maRlidan da ironiiT daxedo, rogorc amas goeTe
ityoda da sadRac sxvagan gamoaTavisuflo SenTvis sivrce,
sadac bedisweris boroti TamaSi ver mogwvdeba. naTqvamia, ve-
raferi ver SeuSlis adamians xels, rom marTlad da patios-
nad iazrovnoso. hoda, unda aRiWurvo am rwmeniT, marTali
da patiosani azris stiqiaSi SegiZlia gadasaxlde da miatovo
es damamcirebeli saqmianoba. TiTqos gicdia kidec, magram
bediswera yovelTvis ufro eSmaki aRmoCndeba xolme, vidre
gegona. swored maSin rodesac Tavs mSobiarobis am dausrule-
beli mdgomareobidan daxsnilad igrZnob, xelaxla giTrevs
Tavis uvnebo morevSi, kvlav Sehyavxar CixSi da es ucnauri pa-
siansic dausruleblad grZeldeba.
rogor ar gaurbixar mis Cixs! rogori arqiseriozu-
lobiT afaseb xolme qaRaldis ganlagebas – Tu ramdenad
mWidrod gekvris bedis artaxebi da ramdenad geniWeba Tavi-
suflebis raRac xarisxi. ramdenjer CarTulxar sakuTar
308
bedTan paeqrobaSi, ramdenjer mogiSveliebia xrikad Tavis
mosawyleba Tu raime msgavsi. arada, pasiansi im kekluci qa-
liviTaa, imedisa da uimedoobis zRvarze rom gamyofebs da
axlos ar gikarebs. hoda xar am warmateba-warumateblobis
mijnaze. goneba TiTqos gkarnaxobs, rom Tavi Tu ar daaRwie
sakuTar bediswerasTan kamaTis Tu misTvis Tavis Secodebis
bodvas, Tu Tavi ar daaRwie im gisosebs, romelsac, Turme, Ta-
vadve ageb, raRac Zalze mniSvnelovanis gareT SeiZleba aR-
moCnde da Tanac – samudamod. samwuxarod da, iqneb, sabedni-
erodac, teqstSi cxovrebis gamocdilebam ar icis saRi azri.
ggonia, rom ukve Tavi daaRwie sakuTari gonebis mTvle-
marebas da sadacaa teqstic daibadeba, gaivlis mcire xani
da aRmoaCen, rom kvlav sizmrad yofilxar da usasoba gipy-
robs imis verdadgomis gamo, rasac juan Zi did gamoRviZebas
uwodebda. hoda, ganagrZob erTi sizmareulobidan meoreSi
dausruleblad mogzaurobas. amgvar mogzaurobas (erTi siz-
mareulobidan meoreSi) oTar WilaZe sizmrad gamoRviZebas
uwodebda. maxsovs, erTxel, wlebis win zafxulis cxel dRes
sicxiT gaTanguls CameZina. raRac drois Semdeg gameRviZa.
wamodgoma davapire, magram mTeli sxeuli tyviasaviT dam-
Zimebuli mqonda da ver davimorCile. TiTqos raRac mZime da
mrume siTxe mqonda sxeulSi da ganZreva ar SemeZlo. raRac
drois Semdeg udidesi Zalisxmevis xarjze movaxerxe, fexebi
Semetokebina, mere usaSvelod mZime sxeuli rogorRac wam-
ovwie da wamovjeqi kidec da, uceb, mivxvdi, rom aqamde gaR-
viZeba mxolod mesizmreboda da am sizmareulobas ver davsx-
ltomodi. amjerad ukve SvebiT amovisunTqe. kvlav wamovjeqi
– amjerad ufro iolad. is iyo, iataks fexi davakare, rom
kvlav gaviazre, es yvelaferic sizmrad xdeboda. amis Semdeg
imaSi darwmunebulma, rom amjerad mainc gaviRviZe, oTaxSi
gaviare da kidev erTxel aRmovaCine igive. am dros sabolood
gameRviZa, Tumca es gaRviZeba ar gamxarebia, radgan sizmarSi
sicxadis iseTi mkveTri gancda mqonda, rom sifxizle masTan
axlosac ver mividoda. mokled, davubrundi im mdgomare-
obas, romelsac sifxizles vuwodeb. es ar iyo didi gamoRvi-
Zebis dadgoma. es ufro uCveulo sizmareulobidan CveulSi
gadasvla iyo. da mainc, bednieri viyavi, rom sxeuli kvlav
memorCileboda da Tavisuflad SemeZlo memoZrava.
309
asec SeiZleba aRwero kacma sakuTari arseboba – rogorc
sizmrad gamoRviZebaTa rigi; da ara mxolod sakuTari – mTe-
li erisa Tu sazogadoebisac. TiTqos gRviZavs, sakuTar sxe-
ulSi xar, magram es ukanaskneli ar gemorCileba. yoveli xe-
laxali gamoRviZebis Semdeg sxeuli, erTi SexedviT, ufro
damyoli xdeba, magram male xvdebi, rom igi kvlav raRac
Tavneba da Wirveuli Zalis tyveobaSia. grZnob amas da saso-
warkveTili cdilob, Tavi daaRwio morig sizmrad sifxizles.
maSinac ki, rodesac ggonia, rom, rogorc iqna, daimorCile
Tavi, maleve igrZnob, rom es sxva araferia, Tu ara Segueba
Seni sxeulis simZimesa da mouqnelobasTan. saimisod, rom sxe-
uli, marTlac, damjer da moqnil iaraRad iqces, didi gzaa
gasavleli – sizmrad gamoRviZebaTa lamis dausrulebeli
rigi. mxolod am rigis bolos – sadRac da odesme – SeiZleba
dadges Seni arsebobis oqros saukune – didi gamoRviZeba. da
Tu ginda, rom es odesme dadges, aucileblad unda gaxsovdes,
rom is, rac aq da axla xdeba, sxva araferia, Tu ara sizmrad
gamoRviZebis konvulsiebi, romlebic miT ufro mtanjvelia,
rac metad miiCnev mas Sens saboloo da sasurvel mdgomare-
obad. sanam am ukanasknels miaRwevde, mamiseuli saxlidan
gandevnili, CamoZenZili da daqanculi moxetiale xar, rom-
lisTvisac, rogorc budisti berisaTvis, odesRac da sadRac
maTxovris jami da krialosani gadauciaT, erTi – lukma-pu-
ris saSovnelad, meore – gaRviZebis TxovniT locvisaTvis.
xelSic sabjenad joxic moumarjves, raTa sakuTari daumor-
Cilebeli sxeulis simZimem svla ar Seawyvetinos. nebismier
wams misi arsebobisa mxolod sizmradaa gaRviZebuli da es
aRZravs masSi saboloo gaRviZebis vnebas.
isec momxdara, raRac Zala gamogagdebs xolme Zilidan
(an, ufro sworad, Zilis erT-erTi „Sridan“) – gonebis simZi-
me da gamoyolili mTvlemareba ki gagrZnobinebs, rom dila
jerac ar damdgara da ki ar gaiRviZe, (erT-erTi) Zilidan
gamogagdes, viRacam Tu raRacam Segawyvetina (erT-erT Zil-
Si) sizmareuli mogzauroba da ukan mibruneba ukve SeuZlebe-
lia. axali sizmareuli gza unda wamoiwyo. wevxar am ucnauri
mdgomareobiT gaguvebuli, Cveuli fiqrebi da garemoebebi
ucnaurad rom gadaxlarTulan sizmareul xilvebSi, gana-
bulxar am mdgomareobis ucnaur hipnotur xiblSi manam,
310
sanam saRi azri Zilisken mibrunebas ar gaiZulebs. am dros
SeiZleba dadges Zalze mcire monakveTi droisa, rodesac aR-
moCndeba, rom sizmareul xilvebSi, aqamde rom TojinasaviT
gaTamaSebdnen, sakuTari nebac aRmoaCino da axla ukve saku-
Tari nebiT gaakeTo raRac, Senma gadawyvetilebam sazrisi da
qmediToba SeiZinos. am dros TiTqos axerxeb imas, rac Cveu-
lebriv, dauZleveli amocanaa: sizmareul samyaros ucxadeb,
rom Sen xar, Sen arsebob da rom gaqvs qmediTi neba imisa, rom
Seni arseboba Senive nebis TanamonawileobiT gamoxato. siz-
mareul yofaSi. mZinare amas TiTqmis verasodes axerxeb.
da kidev erTi: zRvarze yofnis mdgomareobaSi fiqrebs
mxolod Soreuli msgavseba aqvs imasTan, rasac, Cveulebriv,
fiqrs vuwodebT. am dros sizmareuli saxeebi da gancdebi
jerac gexmianebian da Senc gaTrobs es ucnauri, mZime, TiT-
qos mtkivneuli, Tavisi uCveulobiT SiSis momgvreli, mag-
ram mainc hipnoturad mimzidveli mdgomareoba. azri raRac
gansxvavebul sazriss iZens da Tanac gansxvavebuli sazrise-
bis nafleTTa matarebel da sizmareuli xilvebis aCrdilTa
am mdgomareobaSi, am ucnaur metyvelebaSi, rodesac metyve-
lebs ara sizmareuli samyaro, aramed am Sualedur mdgo-
mareobaSi SemorCenili misi kvali. Senc fiqris meSveobiT
axerxeb, rom misi Tanamyofi iyo. mere ki isev daZinebis gada-
wyvetilebas iReb da isev brundebi im yofaSi, sadac Sens ne-
basada yofiT sifxizles kvlav viRac sxvebi euflebian.
zRvrul mdgomareobaSi ki sifxizlis naSTebSi raRac
xmebi da xilvebi Semoiparebian xolme. cudi naTqvamia „Semo-
iparebian“,ufro swori iqneboda, meTqva – gamJRavndebian.
sifxizlis naSTebs avsebs is, rac ucnauri wesiT ukve gegu-
leboda da rac, Turme, gaSfoTebda da gaurbodi. Cndeba Tu
ara sifxizleSi raRac Wrili, xelidan uSveb Tu ara sakuTa-
ri cnobierebis sadaveebs, es SemoWra iwyeba da garemoebaTa,
saganTa da kavSirTa damangreveli xilvebi gewveva. isini
frTxilad, TiTqos SeumCnevlad Semoiparebian cnobierebis
bzarebSi da ise daibudeben iq, TiTqos arc arasodes wasulan
iqedan da arc arasodes yofilan sxvagan, SemoiWrebian usas-
rulod nacnobi ucnobebi, yovelgvar logikas moklebuli
mcnebebi da cnebebi, SemoiWreba iseTi azrobrivi kavSirebi,
311
romelTa arsebobis Sesaxeb, albaT, eWvic ar hqonda aristo-
teles. an, iqneb, swored imitomac qmnida „organons“, rogorc
swori msjelobisa da daskvnis Sesaxeb mecnierebas, rom am
moZalade xilvebisgan Tavi daeRwia. Tumca es sxva Temaa.
is, rac aqamde groteskad SeiZleboda mogCveneboda, am
yofaSi namdvilze unamdvilesia da swored Tavisi namdvilo-
biT gTrgunavs. is, rac SenTvis Cveulebriv gonebis wamieri
da araadeqvaturi axireba iyo, cnobierebis mTels sivrceze,
mis yvela ganzomilebaze mTlianad batondeba, da gaiZulebs,
misi Wirveuli da zogjer damcinavi wesebiT icxovro. is, rac
sakomunikacio sivrceSi gamotanis mcdelobisTanave samuda-
mod gagriyavda am ukanasknelidan da martoobaSi Cagtovebda,
iq Tavad qmnis yovelgvar komunikacias. misi Wirveuli Zal-
mosileba imdenad didia, rom wamierad eWvic SeiZleba gagiC-
ndes, uflebamosilia Tu ara misgan gansxvavebulis arseboba.
esaa Tavisi sixistiT damTrgunveli Zalmosileba, erTgvarad
sikvdilis msgavsi imiT, rom gulisxmobs Sens nebas, magram im-
TaviTve uaryofs mis qmediTobas.
rodesac bolos da bolos, Cveul mimarTebebs vubrunde-
biT, ucnauri arsebebi qrebian an Cveul saxes iReben, usas-
rulod nacnobi ucnobebi kvlav mexsierebis Soreul kunWu-
lebSi ikargebian, wesrigi aRdgeba, Tumca ki viciT, rom Tu
ara is, rac am mdgomareobidan uneblied gamogvyva, Cveul wes-
rigsa da mimarTebebSi mosiarule micvalebulebi gverqme-
oda da rom swored iqedan gamogvyolia is, risi wyalobiTac
ar varT gvamebi gvamebs Soris, Tumca ki is, rac am bzarebSi
SemoWrilTa wyalobiT gavigeT da ganvicadeT, kvlav sadRac
miikarga da did gamofxizlebamde jerac Soria.
saimisod, rom sruli azriT gvekuTvnodes is fiqrebi,
romlebiTac vcxovrobT da, miTumetes, is teqstebi, romle-
bic sxvebsac da Cvenc, sakuTrebis azriT, Cvenad migvaCnia,
saimisod, rom SevZloT saxeldeba, didi gamoRviZeba unda
dadges. manam ki nebismieri teqsti sxva araferia, Tu ara siz-
mrad gamoRviZeba da tkiviliani sinanuli imis gamo, rom nam-
dvili gamoRviZeba jer ar damdgara. mzad xar, moiparo madli
312
da doqtori faustiviT Tu adrian leverkiuniviT, mTeli
danarCeni samyaros winaaRmdeg SeTqmuli, nebismier Zalas da-
umegobrde, vinc ki amaSi dagexmareba, raTa Semdeg moparuli
madli sazeimod gaitano sajarod. mzad xar, bolomde aitano
is mdgomareoba, romelic erTdroulad nebayoflobiTi
autizmicaa da sakuTari Tavis dauflebis vnebiani wadilic.
cdilob, jaSuSiviT Seiparo sakuTari sulis jerac mouxilav
da sakralur sferoebSi, raTa maTi madli miitaco da samyaros
Sens nayofad SesTavazo. es raRaciT bavSvis garyvnas hgavs,
pirvelyofil da xeluxlebel garemoSi borotebis Setanis
im istorias, dostoevski rom aRwers „sasacilo kacis siz-
marSi“. Cven xom yvelas gveguleba raRac faruli da parale-
luri arseboba Tu gamocdileba, romlis moxelvac dauZle-
veli amocanaa. hoda, mzad xar, nebismier xerxs mimarTo, rom
masSi Seiparo, Tavi moikatuno, TiTqos Senc am qveynis mo-
qalaqe xar da Semdeg romSi SeWrili barbarosiviT mopovebu-
li davliT daubrunde SenTvis Cveul da bunebriv arsebobas.
kolbaSi gamoketil maxinj homunkulussac ise Sescicineb,
rogorc Seni Rirebulebisa da mniSvnelobis uzenaes dasturs
da daatareb karidan karze imis imediT, rom vinme mainc daixs-
nis mas kolbidan da arsebobas mianiWebs. arada kolbac Tavad
Segiqmnia da Tavadve gamogiketavs masSi idumali gamocdi-
lebebidan gamotyuebeli da arabunebriv garemoSi moxved-
riT sadRac da odesRac wamierad dalandulis groteskuli
oreuli, ucnauri kloni, madlis moparvis wyalobiT rom Se-
giqmnia, magram sicocxle ver miginiWebia. da Tu mainc miewe-
reba sicocxle – mxolod imitaciaa sicocxlisa. es iqneba
mxolod sicocxlis aCrdili da monaTesave imisa, visac ho-
munkulusi Tvalis gaxelvisTanave miesalma.
Jak derida erTgan ambobs, rom rodesac raimes werda da
amiT Tavisi dekonstruqciuli intervenciiT adre mouxilav
teritoriebs eufleboda, xangamoSvebiT SiSis wamebi ewve-
oda xolme. es ar xdeboda werisas. werisas mas raRac Zleva-
mosilis garduvaloba amoZravebda, romelic misgan moiTxov-
da, ewera is, rasac werda. magram sxva dros, konkretulad ki
CaZinebis wams, erTgvari naxevrad Zilis mdgomareobaSi, uceb,
313
eufleboda Zrwola yvelaferi imis gamo, rasac akeTebda. mis
aracnobierSi SfoTi da SiSi ibudebda. es hgavs mdgomareobas
mavanisa, romelsac esizmreba, rom SiSvelia da SeZrwunebu-
lia imiT, rom yvela xedavs mis siSiSvles. am naxevrad Zilis
mdgomareobaSi eufleboda gancda, rom raRac danaSauleb-
rivi da samarcxvino Caidina, risi gamJRavnebac ar SeiZlebo-
da. TiTqos viRac CasZaxoda da arcxvenda gakeTebulis gamo,
ubrZanebda, Seewyvita es saqmianoba, ukan daexia da nawerebi
daewva.
gaRviZebisTanave yvelaferi es wydeboda. TiTqos nax-
evrad Zilis mdgomareobaSi – ai, swored, mis cnobierebaSi
ukontrolo bzarebi roca Cndeboda – evlineboda daraji da
imas eubneboda, rac TiTqos Tavadac icoda. am dros sruli-
ad naTlad esmoda, rom misi saqmianoba zedmiwevniT serio-
zuli da sabediswero ram iyo. magram rodesac fxizlobda
da muSaobda, darajs eZina da xels ver uSlida imis keTebaSi,
rac, misi sifxizliseuli rwmeniT, unda ekeTebina. Tvlemi-
sas ki es daraji kvlav mianiSnebda, Tu ra saSiS zRvarTan iyo
misuli. mxolod teqstis dabadebis wyurvili fantavda am
Zrwolas da ukve aRarc axsovda darajis sayveduri imis gamo,
rom polemikisa da warmatebis JiniT atanilma, wvrilfexa ba-
cacasaviT moipara madli.
fxizeli daraji mudam gelis. rogorc ki sifxizlis siv-
rce dabzarvas daiwyebs, rogorc ki aimRvreva Cveul kontu-
rebi da mimarTebebi, misi xma Senamde aRwevs da gaxsenebs,
rom homunkulusis SeqmniT sruliad ukanono saqmianobas
ewevi, rom did gamoRviZebamde Tu mainc raime iSveba CveniT,
mxolod imis wyalobiT, rom sakuTari Tavi, sakuTari sxeuli
da sakuTari fiqrebi, rogorc masala SegviTavazebia viRac
sxvisTvis, viRac anonimurisaTvis, romelic Tavad arasodes
iCens Tavs da mxolod ase, sizmrad gamoRviZebaTa meSveobiT
amJRavnebs Tavs. xolo is, Tu vis SearCevs da rodis, mTlianad
mis nebazea damokidebuli. Cven mxolod is SegviZlia, rom sa-
kuTari Tavi SevTavazoT, rogorc masala, sxeuli, romliTac
mas sakuTari Tavis gamoTqma ZaluZs.
arsebobs ki gamosavali amgvari mdgomareobidan, rodesac
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teqstis Sobis garduvalobas cvlis Zrwola imis gamo, rom ra-
Rac danaSauls sCadixar. egeb, erTaderTi, rac am mdgomare-
obam SeiZleba Svas is salieria, evropis fsevdointeleqtu-
alurma mucliTmezRapreobam rom Seqmna, rogorc mocartis
sapirwone? arsebobs ki gamosavali am hegeliseuli ubeduri
cnobierebidan, rodesac individi cdilobs absolutis
tvirTi ikisros da homunkulusebs Sobs? swored amis gamo
xom ar Ciodnen lev tolstoic da Tomas manic, rodesac Tavis
saqmianobas gulaxdilobis Jams codvil saqmianobad Tvlid-
nen?! yvelaferTan erTad, Tomas manma Tavis „romanSi erTi
romanis Sesaxeb“ mianiSna kidec adrian leverkiunis ambis si-
axlove sakuTar bedTan. sabolood, aris ki am saqmianobaSi
raime iseTi, rac mas gaamarTlebda da marad aRusrulebel
saxeldebas aRsrulebul saxeldebad aqcevda? Tu Semoqmede-
ba mxolod absoluturi martoobisaken mimavali gzaa da misi
erTaderTi nayofi kolbaSi Tvalgaxelili xelovnuri arseba
SeiZleba iyos, romelic isevea vagneris nayofi, rogorc misi
naTesavisa da mokeTis – mefistofelisa. erTaderTi nayofi
es hermetuli kolbaa, sadac mxatvars, mwerals, musikoss Tu,
ubralod sakuTari „Sin“-is Seqmnis mcdel adamians sakuTari
Zalisxmeva da, sabolood, sakuTari Tavic ganuTavsebia. ram-
denadac kolba Seuvalia da ar uSvebs sicocxles, am sizifes
Sromis nayofi mxolod SemoqmedebiTi solifsizmi da kompar-
Cikosis qoTnis tyveoba Tu iqneba. am qoTans ki arc fanjrebi
aqvs da arc kari, bzaric ki ara aqvs saimisod, rom am usas-
rulo martoobaSi Svebad macocxlebeli haeris nakadi Semo-
iWras. pirveladi sityvis dadasturebis sasowarkveTl mcde-
lobas misi sapirispiro Sedegi mohyveba am sityvisagan sruli
gaucxovebisa da samaradisod Sens mierve Seqmnil imitaciaSi
gadasaxlebis saxiT. erTi SexedviT, sxva Sedegi SeuZlebelia
mohyves nebayoflobiT autizms, romlis wiaRSic absolutur
sicxesTan da absolutur sicivesTan TamaSi igulisxmeba.
autizmi xom ukve TavisTavadaa usasrulo martoobiT mog-
vrili tkiviliani tkboba absoluturi TviTmkmarobisa da
absoluturi kompetenciis, rac igivea, sruli martoobis im
mdgomareobiT, romelic sakuTar Tavs Senve ganuCine.
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mTeli es saubari aqve SeiZleboda dagvesrulebina, Tu
ara erTi sruliad cxadi, Tumca ki iolad dasaviwyebeli ram:
Sexvedra am sityvis sruli mniSvnelobiT, Sexvedra, rome-
lic umal liturgiaa, vidre ori arsebis urTierTgadayra
da romelic, ra paradoqsuladac ar unda JRerdes, swored
Tavis antipodSi – nebayoflobiTi autizmis zRvrul mar-
toobaSi SeiZleba aRsruldes.
odnav ukan davixioT da erTxelac gavixsenoT salieris
Concerto for piano C major. (2 3) – mSvidi da metafizikuri sevdiT
gaJRenTili winaTgrZnoba droSi usasrulod gaWimuli
braldebisa, sasjelisa im saxelisaTvis, romelic mxolod
imitom daimsaxure, rom saSualo yoveldRiuri adamianebis
gonebaSi adgili gamogeTavisuflebina im meoris, warmosax-
viTi msxverplis gansaTavseblad. salieri aq TiTqos mara-
diuli ostrakizmisaTvis emzadeba da winaswarve moixilavs
im gzebs, romelTa gavlac mouwevs; TiTqos winaswar mosin-
javs imas, rac jer kidev sicocxleSi elis: istoriis upi-
robod uaryofiTi personaJis mdgomareobas, dRes bevrisT-
vis borotebis aTvlis erT-erT wertils rom warmoadgens.
am nawarmoebiT man TiTqos datova uwyeba imisa, rom icoda,
ra eloda da isic esmoda, Tu ramdenad garduvali iyo es. es
aris metyveleba sulisa, romelsac bediswera ki ar miaTrevs,
aramed stoicisturad Tavad, Tavisi nebiT mihyveba mas da
amiT iseTi RvTismsaxurebisaTvis imzadebs Tavs, romlis pa-
tivic mxolod erTeulebs Tu xvdomiaT wilad.
da mainc, aq gaJRerebul usasrulo martoobas, egeb,
swored misi zRvruli daZabulobis mizeziT raRac ucnauri,
zebunebrivi Riaoba eZleva. Tu mocartis Piano Concerto No. 20
in D Minor, KV 466 (3/4)-s gavixsenebT, SeiZleba „mkvlelisa“
da „msxverplis“ gasaubrebac aRmovaCinoT, davinaxoT, er-
Tad rogor qmnian idumal simfoniurobas da rom rogorc
erTis, ise meoris teqsti TiTqos swored am metafizikuri
simfoniurobis mdumarebaSi iSveba. SesaZloa, swored amis aR-
qma dagvexmaros, Soridan mainc SevavloT Tvali adamianuri
yofis im saidumloebas, teqstis dabadeba rom SevarqviT. es
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ori nawarmoebi da maTi idumali simfoniuroba migvaniSnebs,
Tu ra Tavgadasavlebs gadis ori adamianis sulSi TiToeuli
maTganis mier gamJRavnebuli Jestebi, rogori idumali in-
teraqciaa maT Soris, Tanac interaqcia, romelSic mJRavndeba
is, vinc yovelTvis iqaa, „sadaca iyvnen orni gina samni“. am me-
samis uCinari magnetizmi TiTqos orives aiZulebs, miubrund-
nen erTmaneTis mier Tu erTmaneTis meSveobiT gamJRavnebul
Jestebs da mihyvnen maT mogzaurobas sakuTari fiqrebis wi-
aRSi. am urTierTSexebis Semdeg ukve SeuZliaT samogzaurod
gaswion da Tan gaiyolon is cocxali wertilebi Tu sulis
gaRviZebuli dinamika, romlebic erTmaneTis fiqrebSi Cau-
tovebiaT – mas Semdeg, rac erTmaneTs xeli waaSveles, mcire
droiT mainc gadaelaxaT siyrue da sibrmave da am cocxali
da energiiT savse wertilebis TanxlebiT ganagrZoT erTma-
neTis TavgadasavlebTan naziarebi Tavgadasavlebi.
hoda, raRac momentis Semdeg, albaT, im momentisa, rode-
sac mocarti da salieri erTmaneTs Sexvdnen, uCinar er-
TianobaSi ganagrZobdnen mogzaurobas da Tvals adevnebdnen,
Tu rogor moZraobdnen maT sulSi erTmaneTis musikalur
Jestebad gamJRavnebuli fiqrebi. oriveni xom teqstiT iy-
vnen mucladRebulni. oriveni mtanjveli da mZime sisavsiT
iyvnen Sepyrobilni da Tavisi musikalur Jestebad gamJRav-
nebuli fiqrebiT erTmaneTs Svelodnen im saocari wamis
dadgomaSi, rodesac mSvidi sixaruliT SeZlebdnen im mesame
damswres meSveobiT pirvelad saxeldebasTan miaxlebas. am
TanaobiT eaxlebodnen imas, risi gamoTqmac maTi meSveobiT
ufals surda da saxeldebis bibliuri metaforac, albaT,
swored amas niSnavs. Cveni mTavari saqme xom saxeldebaa da
ara Semecneba – pirveladi saqme-saxeldeba. amgvari TanaobiT
ubrundebodnen isini im pirvelad harmonias, romlidanac
odesRac maTi winapari gamoaZeves; rogorc odesRac adamad-
yofilebs, sxva araferi darCenodaT, erTmaneTs solifsis-
turi martoobis gadalaxvaSi miSvelebodnen da dalodebod-
nen logosis TanxmierebaSi saxeldebisa da dasturis madliT
dajildoebis bednier wuTebs.
Tavad samyaroc xom am dasturSi arsebobs. realobis
grZnoba swored rom pirveladi sityvis dadasturebis aqtia.
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sxvagvarad: realobis grZnoba dadasturebisa da saxeldebis
erTianobaa. xolo Tavad saxeldeba SesaZlebelia imdenad,
ramdenadac arsebobs adamianuri interaqcia, ramdenadac es
saxeldeba sxvisi fiqrebis TavgadasavlebSi aisaxeba da amiT
srulfasovan arsebobas moipovebs. amiT avtorsa da aRmqmels
Soris iseve gadailaxeba zRvari, rogorc Semecnebis SemTx-
vevaSi subieqtsa da obieqts Soris, radgan es ukanasknelic
mxolod maSinaa SesaZlebeli, Tu obieqti adasturebs Semec-
nebis aqtis arsebobas. gansxvaveba isaa, rom teqstis dabadeba
garduvalobiT niSnavs ori subieqtis – avtorisa da aRmqme-
lis – interaqcias. amis gare, rogorc ukve ramdenjerme
vTqviT, teqstiT mucladRebas mxolod usasrulo martoo-
bisaken SeiZleba mivyavdeT.
dRevandeli pragmatuli samyaroc xom informaciis – am
pirveladi sityvis ubadruki oreulis – substanciiT aigeba
da ara materiiTa da ideebiT. samyaro, rogorc RvTis keTil-
metyveleba, swored CemiT, Cems mier saxeldebiT dasturde-
ba da amitomac var RvTis „xatisaebr da msgavsebisaebr“. igi
arsebobs iq, sadac uSinaganesi kavSiria keTilmetyvelebasa
da saxeldebas Soris. es ukanaskneli ki, Tu RvTis keTilme-
tyvelebis daZabulobaSia moqceuli erTnairad SeiZleba
xdebodes sityviT, feriT, bgeriT, formiT Tu yoveldRiuri,
sruliad uCinari saqmiT. Semoqmedic da aRmqmelic logosis
daZabulobaSi arian, es ukanasknelic imTaviTve gulisxmobs
adamianuri arsebebis sakomunikacio interaqcias, rogorc
adgils dasturisa. Cven yvelani erTad mis daZabulobaSi, mis
nebelobaSi vimyofebiT da es qmnis Cvens Tanaobas. Cven erT-
maneTis megzurni varT am TanaobaSi da, sokratesi ar iyos,
Cveni Tanaoba maievtikis maradiuli xelovnebis asparezia.
Cven, rogorc yofierebidan „amovardnili“ arsebebi, mud-
mivad komunikaciis eqstazSi varT. Cvens sinamdviles qmnis ara
saganTa sistema, aramed komunikaciis garduvaloba, sxvagva-
rad rom vTqvaT, sityvis eqstaturi daZabuloba. komunikaci-
is am universalur aqtSi Cven unda vSvaT sityva, rogorc ani
da hoe arsebulisa.
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amiT teqstis Sobis mdgomareoba Cveni, rogorc adamiane-
bis Tanaarsebobis „adgilad“ iqceva. Cven varsebobT da Tana-
varsebobT imdenad, ramdenadac yofierebiT mucladRebuli
sityvis an sityviT mucladRebuli yofierebis mdgomareoba-
Si vimyofebiT. ufro metic, nebismieri ram arsebobs imdenad,
ramdenadac Cven yvelani pirveladi logosis wiaRidan misi
gamoTqmis dadasturebis aqtSi vmonawileobT.
sxvagvarad am mdgomareobas jerarSobili teqstis gamoc-
dilebaSi yofnas vuwodebdi. adamiani Tanaziaria pirveladi
sityvisa da Sobs yofierebas, rogorc teqsts. amiT Cven yve-
lani, rogorc iurgen habermasi ambobs, varT ara WeSmarite-
baSi – sityvam moitana da yvelaze saxifaTo iluziaa iluziaTa
Soris, aramed sakomunikacio racionalizmis mdgomareoba-
Si, teqstisa da konteqstis Sobis mdgomareobaSi. Tu am azrs
gaviziarebT, imasac SevniSnavT, rom racio da religiuri
grZnoba ar yofilan erTmaneTs sabediswerod daSorebulni,
rogorc es xSirad hgoniaT xolme. ganazrebaTa am diskursSi
isini garduvalobiT xvdebian erTmaneTs.
amitomac hgavs ase Zalian teqstis agebis procesi sa-
kuTari „Sin“-is agebas. masSi mJRavndeba, Tu ra instrumen-
tebs vflob, Turme, da ras ara, ra gamocdilebebi atareben
imgvar Warb energias, raRac formebSi rom moiTxoven Cemgan
ganTavsebas. yvelaferi sxva sruliad umaqnisi aRmoCndeba im
Wirveuli da Jiniani aqtis winaSe, rogoricaa gamocdilebaTa
daudgromeli vneba, raRac formebi SeiZinon da Cemi „Sin“-
is substanciad iqcnen. da mec lamis pasiurad Tu dabneuli,
ufro ki sakuTari Tavis mtkivneulad nacnobi perspeqtivis
winaTgrZnobiT Sepyrobili mivdev process, Tu rogor cdi-
lobs Cemive (isev da isev, mtkivneulad nacnobi) perspeqtiva
gamJRavndes da Tavi aigos, rogorc erTTdroulad sakuTari
Tavi da sakuTari samyofeli. sakuTar „Sin“-Tan erTad iba-
debi da sakuTari igiveobis konturebs mosinjav da aRmoaCen,
rom raRac ucnauri wesiT Cveni yvelas adamianuri Tanaoba am
identobis pirvelprincipi yofila.
da riT ar aris yvelaferi es uxilavi liturgia? Cveni
Tanaoba TiTqos dasturia Cvenive erTobisa. amiT – avtorisa
da aRmqmelis SexvedriT aRsruldeba saidumloeba Sexved-
319
risa da Tanayofnisa, idumalad TanamSromeli nebelobebisa,
TavianTi ZalisxmeviT misi Tanayofna rom unda uzrunvel-
yon. mniSveloba ara aqvs, Sexvedris monawileni saidan arian
mosulni, romeli msoflmxedvelobidan, romeli kulturu-
li garemodan, romeli aRmsareblobidan. mTavaria, rom maT
miagnes erTmaneTs im pirvelad TanaobaSi, sadac gza da WeS-
mariteba sufevs da saidanac arian gamosulebi, Tumca ki es
Tanaoba Turme, „aqve ars“ da mJRavndeba maSinve, roca ki ga-
gebisa da Tanalmobobis wami gaielvebs.
solifsistur martoobaSi SeuZlebelia adamadyofnis
sixaruli. igi mxolod sxvebTan erTad aris SesaZlebeli. es
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba moxdes, Tu sityviT, bgeriT,
feriT Tu ragindara saqmiT aRWurvili sxvasac grZnob Sen-
Tan erTad, Sens TanaobaSi da sxvasac ityueb RvTis sity-
vis dadasturebis aqtSi. amiT Semoqmedeba Sordeba im say-
velpuro mniSvnelobas, gadis im farglebidan, romelsac
sityviereba, musika, mxatvroba da sxvani hqvia da adamianuri
moRvaweobis nebismier sferos swvdeba da liturgiul mniS-
vnelobas iZens. Semoqmedeba, sayvelpuro azriT, mxolod
miniSnebaa imaze, risi aRsrulebac gvqmnis Cvenc, rogorc
adamianebs da qmnis im samyarosac, romelSic Tavs ganvicdiT.
Tu ara RvTis sityvis dadasturebis aqti, adamianuri Tavi-
sufleba qimera iqneboda, radgan swored am dasturSi varT
xatisaebr da msgavsebisasebr erTni SemoqmedTan. aqedanaa is
pasuxismgeblobac, romelic Cven, rogorc, gvsurs Tu ara, am
dadasturebis aqtSi myof arsebebs gvekisreba, radgan is ga-
remo, romelSic vcxovrobT, swored es dasturia. Cven an
RvTis keTilmetyvelebas vadasturebT, an kidev usasrulo
martoobaSi myofebi miTqma-moTqmaSi yurmokrulis kloni-
rebas vcdilobT da kolbaSi gamoketil sinamdviles vqmniT.
Cven, rogorc bibliuri meSvide dRis arsebebi, yvela sxva
arsebisagan gansxvavebiT, konteqstisa da komunikaciis amo-
canis winaSe aRmovCndiT. esaa Cveni, rogorc adamianebis bedis-
wera. amitomac teqsti, rogorc komunikaciis sivrcis Seqmnis
mcdeloba, Cveni arsebobis garduval „adgils“ warmoadgens.
Cven ara varT sivrcesa da droSi. Cven sityvis, rogorc lo-
320
gosis daZabulobaSi varT. Cven mudmivad mis daZabulobaSi,
mis nebelobaSi vimyofebiT da es qmnis Cveni komunikaciis Ta-
naziar sivrces da ara sivrce-droiTi ganzomilebebi. Cven,
rogorc yofierebidan „amovardnili“ arsebebi, mudmivad
komunikaciis eqstazSi varT. ukve vTqviT, rom Cvens sinamd-
viles qmnis ara saganTa sistema, aramed komunikaciis gar-
duvaloba, sxvagvarad – sityvis eqstaturi daZabuloba. ko-
munikaciis am universalur aqtSi Cven unda vSvaT teqsti da
amiT is, rac odesRac moxda israelSi mariamis mucladRebis,
Sobis, epifaniis, jvarcmisa da aRdgomis Semdeg warmoadgens
mudmiv pirvelnimuSs imisa, rasac Cven aRvasrulebT.
mTelma am msjelobebma TiTqos sadRac sxvagan wagviy-
vana da xelidan gagveqca Tavad is, ris dabadebazec unda
gvesaubra – teqsti, rogorc aseTi, rogorc adgili, sadac
avtori da aRqmeli erTmaneTs xvdebian da sadac aRmqmeli
xelaxla gadis (Tumca ki ukve moniSnul) gzas, rac gaiara av-
torma. cxadia, aRmqmelis svla aRar aRiwereba martirolo-
giur kategoriebSi. igi adasturebs teqsts Tavadac erTve-
ba sityvis, bgeris, ferisa Tu formis im TamaSebSi, romelic
avtoris meSveobiT gamJRavnda da akeTebs mTavars – imas, ris
gareSec avtors xelT mxolod kolbaSi Caketili homunku-
lusi SerCeboda. igi gadaalaxinebs avtors Tavis usasrulo
martoobas da teqstis horizontSi xvdeba mas. esaa teqstis
meore da namdvili dabadeba. aRmqmeli am dros is bebiaqalia,
romelic mSobiarobis tkivilebs Svebisaken ukvalavs gzas. es
ar aris im rigis Sexvedra, romelic mocartisa da salieris
Sexvedris saxiT aRvwereT. esaa Sexvedra teqstSi, sityvis,
feris, bgeris, formisa Tu saqmis nebelobaSi. is, rac avto-
risaTvis usasrulo martoobis maxe iyo, aRmqmelis wyalobiT
metafizikuri Sexvedris Riaobad gvevlineba. davazustebT:
es SeiZleba iyos Sexvedra pirveladi sityvis emanaciaTa – si-
tyvis, bgeris, feris, formis Tu qmedebis cxovelmyofel ne-
belobaSi. Tu es moxda, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom teqsti iSva da
sicocxlis uflebac moipova.
321
XX saukunis Teoriuli
azrovnebis istoriidan
Jak lakani*
fsiqologia da metafsiqologia
WeSmariteba da codna.
kbilis eqimebis kogito.
me (je) – es igive ar aris, rac
[Cemi sakuTari] me (moi), subieqti
– igive ar aris, rac individi.
1920 wlis krizisi.
1
axali perspeqtivebi, romlebic froidma aRmoaCina, mo-
wodebuli iyo, wina warmodgenebi gaeuqmebina. magram, amis
miuxedavad, aTasobiT SeumCneveli Zvrisa da damaxinjebebis
gamo teqnikur terminTa gamoyenebisas raRac iseTi moxda,
ris Sedegadac sakuTari me-s cneba qveynierebas kvlav moev-
lina saxiT, romelic ara mxolod ar pasuxobda froiduli
Teoriis arqiteqtonikis, rogorc erTiani mTelis, moTxov-
nebs, aramed amJRavnebda tendencias, – rogorc amas, sxvaTa
Soris, Riadac aRiarebdnen, – es codna ganezavebina zogad
fsiqologiaSi, ese igi, mocemul SemTxvevaSi, analitikuram-
del fsiqologiaSi. ramdenadac Teoria da praqtika erT-
maneTisagan ganuyofelia, amdenad analitikuri urTierT-
moqmedebac, TviT mimarTuleba analitikuri praqtikisa,
aRreuli aRmoCnda. is, rac dRes fsiqoanalizis teqnikaSi
xdeba, amis naTeli dadasturebaa.
es saqme Zalze gamoucnobad rCeba. magram is Cven ase
Zlier ar agvaRelvebda, saubari rom exebodes ubralod
konfliqts sxvadasxva skolebs – retrogradebsa da prog-
resistebs, ptolomeoselebsa da kopernikelebs – Soris. mo-
323
cemul SemTxvevaSi raRac ufro seriozuli xdeba. saubaria
imaze, rom analizi, adamianur urTierTobaTa es gamaTavisu-
flebeli, mademistificirebeli operacia, erTi mxriv, da,
meore mxriv, adamianisaTvis, miT ufro, Tanamedrove adami-
anisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli fundamenturi iluzia `cdismie-
ri gamocdilebisa~ – erTmaneTTan konkretul da Zalze efeq-
tur TanamSromlobaSi Caebnen.
Tanamedrove adamians sakuTar Tavze nawilobriv gulub-
ryvilo, nawilobriv ki detalurad damuSavebuli Sexedu-
leba aqvs. misi Tavdajerebuloba, rom ase da asea mowyobi-
li, Camoyalibda bundovan, mis kulturaSi miRebul cnebaTa
arealSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom mis warmodgenaSi es rwmena
bunebrivi midrekilebis nayofia, sinamdvileSi is masSi dRe-
vandeli civilizaciebis aqtiuri, yovelmxrivi zemoqmede-
bis Sedegad Cndeba. yoveli Cemi Tezisi imaSi mdgomareobs,
rom froidis teqnika misi Tavdapirveli saxiT gadalaxavs
am iluzias, romelmac adamianur subieqturobaze savse-
biT konkretuli Zalaufleba SeiZina. Sesabamisad, SeiZleba,
kiTxva ase daisvas: dauSvebs ki fsiqoanalizi, TandaTan rom
aiZulon, Tvali daxuWos imaze, rac mis winaSe wamierad sa-
burvelaxdili aRmoCnda, Tu piriqiT, amas ufro reliefuri
da ganaxlebuli saxiT warmoaCens?
swored amitomac, sasargeblod CavTvaleT, sruliad gan-
sazRvruli stilis gansazRvrul naSromebs mivmarToT.
Cemi azriT, uadgilo iqneboda, Cven mier gamoTqmuli
mosazrebani dagveyo calkeul mimarTulebebad, TavTavian-
Ti ganviTarebis WrilSi. ase magaliTad, is, razec guSindel
leqciaSi aleqsandre koirem isaubra platonis dialogis
funqciasTan dakavSirebiT, – amodioda ra menonis dialogi-
dan, – sruliad bunebrivad Tavsdeba im msjelobaTa mimdi-
nareobaSi, romelsac Cven aq gTavazobT. samSabaTis leqciebi,
romlebsac samarTlianad vuwodebT riggareSes – swored
imas emsaxureba, rom yovel Tqvengans Camouyalibdes jer
kidev upasuxod darCenili kiTxvebi im sferoebidan, rom-
lebic mocemuli seminaris Temas esazRvreba.
guSin saRamos Cemi mokle gamosvlisas (menonis gantole-
baTa gardaqmnasTan dakavSirebiT) me ramdenime sityviT
324
Tqveni yuradReba mivapyre imas, rasac SeiZleba vuwodoT
WeSmaritebis funqcia Casaxvis mdgomareobaSi. saqme is gax-
lavT, rom codnas, romelTanac WeSmaritebis Canasaxia dakav-
Sirebuli, SeuZlebelia, ar hqondes sakuTari inercia – iner-
cia, romlis ZaliT is raRacas kargavs TviT im Tvisebisagan,
romlis wyalobiTac saerTod iwyebs sakuTar Tavze fiqrs.
sxva sityvebiT, igi aSkara midrekilebas avlens sakuTari
sazrisis (arsis – m.k.) ignorirebisadmi. amasTan, es degrada-
cia arsad ar Cans ise naTlad, rogorc fsiqoanalizSi, da
ukve es faqtic mowmobs, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovani arCeva-
ni keTdeba iq, sadac fsiqoanalizi adamianuri subieqturobis
gansazRvruli saxis ganviTarebaSi erTveba.
WeSmaritebisa da codnis es uCveulo orazrovneba da-
sawyisidanve SeimCneva – marTalia, TviT sawyisamde Cven ve-
rasodes mivaRwevT, magram miviRoT sawyisad (Tavisebur
`koordinatTa sawyisad~) Tundac platoni. guSin Cven es or-
azrovneba SevniSneT menonSi, magram amave warmatebiT Segve-
Zlo, gangveWvrita is protagoraSic, romelzec guSin sauba-
ri ar yofila.
vin aris sokrate? es gaxlavT adamiani, romelmac adami-
anur subieqturobas pirvelad misca stili, misgan ki gamo-
vida cneba codnisa, romelic pasuxobda gansazRvruli saxis
erTianobis moTxovnilebebs. esaa swored is codna, romelic
eqsperimentuli disciplinis saxiT win uswrebda mecniere-
bis nebismier progress. Cven jer kidev mogviwevs imis dadge-
na, saxeldobr, ras niSnavs mecnierebis avtonomia eqsperimen-
tuli registrisadmi. amgvarad, rogorc ki saTaves udebs im
axal `yofierebas-samyaroSi~ – romelsac aq subieqturobas
vuwodeb – sokrate myisierad aRmoaCens, rom mecnierebas
sulac ara aqvs unari, aCvenos gzebi, romlebic adamianTa
modgmas misTvis yvelaze ZvirfasTan, aretesTan – am umaR-
les srulqmnilebasTan miiyvans. ukve aq xdeba Taviseburi de-
centrireba: erTi mxriv, swored es saTnoeba uxsnis codnas
moqmedebis vels, meore mxriv, mis gadacemasTan, memkvidre-
obiTobasTan, aRzrdasTan mimarTebiT es saTnoeba mis zRvars
miRma aRmoCndeba. da, imis nacvlad, rom amas Tavi avaridoT,
325
da sakuTari Tavi davarwmunoT, rom bolos da bolos yve-
laferi mogvardeba, rom Cven winaSe sokrateseburi ironiaa,
da rom, adre Tu gvian, mecniereba ukana ricxviT am problemas
Tavs gaarTmevs, sjobs, amaze axlave davfiqrdeT. miT umetes,
rom aqamde amasTan mimarTebiT Sesaxeb istoriam sanugeSo ve-
raferi mogvitana.
mainc ra moxda sokrates droidan? mravali sxvadasxva
ram, da maT Soris: qveynierebas me-s cneba moevlina.
rodesac qveynierebas raRac moevlineba, raRac iseTi,
rac Cven, iZulebulni varT, axlad miviCnioT, roca war-
moiqmneba saganTa sxva wesrigi, Cven winaSe myisve ixsneba
axali perspeqtiva warsulSi da sakuTar Tavs veubnebiT:
`SeuZlebelia, es odesme sxvagvarad yofiliyo, es xom uxso-
vari droidan ase iyo~. nuTu sakuTar TavSi amgvari ram ar
SegviniSnavs?
aiReT, magaliTad, enis warmoSoba. Cven gvgonia, TiTqos
iyo momenti, rodesac am planetaze laparaki unda daewyoT.
Sesabamisad, Cven vaRiarebT, rom adgili hqonda raRacis war-
moSobas. magram, dawyebuli im momentidan, rodesac warmoq-
nili, misTvis damaxasiaTebeli struqturiTurT, aviTviseT,
aRmoCnda, rom simboloebis daxmarebis gareSe, romlebic
yovelTvis SeiZleboda, gamoeyenebinaT, Cven absoluturad
uunaroni varT imis gansjisas, Tu ra uswrebda am yvelafers
win. Cven yovelTvis gveCveneba, TiTqos is, rac warmoiSva,
droSi ganusazRvrelad xangrZlivad arsebobs – Tavis saku-
Tar sazRvrebs miRma gadaWimuli. Cven ar ZalgviZs, es axali
wesrigi azrobrivad gavauqmoT. da es SeiZleba vamtkicoT
nebismieri movlenis mimarT, samyaros warmoSobis CaTvliT.
roca vfiqrobT, zustad aseve ar SegviZlia, gverdi avu-
aroT Cven mier istoriis msvlelobaSi SeTvisebul sakuTari
me-s registrs, Tumca xandaxan saqme gvaqvs sakuTar Tavze
adamianis fiqrebis nakvalevTan im epoqebSi, rodesac es re-
gistri, rogorc aseTi, aqtiurad ar gamoiyeneboda.
amasTan dakavSirebiT, Cven gvgonia, rom sokratesa da
mis Tanamosaubreebs farulad ukve hqondaT warmodgena am
centralur funqciaze, rom sakuTari me maTTan, Cans, ukve
asrulebda imis analogiur funqcias, rasac dRes asrulebs
326
– ara mxolod sakuTar Tavze Teoriul fiqrebSi, aramed saku-
Tar miswrafebaTa, survilTa spontanur aRqmaSi, sakuTarisa
da sxvisis garCevaSi da (gamijvnaSi – m.k.) imisa, rasac Cven
vaRiarebT sakuTari pirovnebis namdvil gamoxatulebad da
imisa, rasac ukuvagdebT, rogorc parazits. da Zalze Znelad
Tu warmovidgenT, rom odesRac es fsiqologia Cven saerTod
ar gvqonda.
simarTlea Tu ara es yvelaferi? am kiTxvis dasma yvela
SemTxvevaSi Rirs.
misi dasma niSnavs, scado, aRmoaCino raRac momenti, ro-
melSic cneba me nebas gvaZlevs, igi Casaxvis momentSi davi-
naxoT. amisTvis Sors wasvla arc aris saWiro – Cven winaSe
jer isev cincxali mowmobebia. sakmarisia, davubrundeT im,
arcTu Soreul epoqas, rodesac Cvens cxovrebaSi iseTi se-
riozuli Zvrebi moxda, rom gvecineba kidec, roca protago-
rasTan vkiTxulobT, sokratesTan misuls, rogor gamosZaxa
maspinZelma: `ei, SemodiT, vinaa mand?~ stumarma ki upasuxa:
`es me var, protagora~. sasaciloa imitom, rom, rogorc pla-
toni SemTxveviT moixseniebs, yvelaferi srul sibneleSi
xdeba. amisaTvis aravis arasodes miuqcevia yuradReba, rad-
gan aman, SeiZleba, mxolod is adamianebi daainteresos, rom-
lebic, Cven msgavsad, sul cota, samocdaTxuTmeti welia,
rac eleqtronuli naTuriT sargebloben.
CaxedeT literaturas. Tqven amtkicebT, rom yovelive
es marTlac axasiaTebs im adamianebs, romlebic fiqroben,
magram sakuTari me-s Taviseburi, met-naklebad spontanuri
gageba yovelTvis arsebobda im adamianebSic, romlebic ar
fiqroben. magram Tqven ra iciT amis Sesaxeb? Tavad Tqven xom
im adamianebs ekuTvniT, romlebic fiqroben, an, ukidures
SemTxvevaSi, memkvidreni xarT adamianebisa, romlebic amaze
fiqrobdnen. asea Tu ise, imis nacvlad, rom am kiTxvas Tavi
avaridoT, vecadoT, masSi ukeT gaverkveT.
am juris adamianebs, romlebsac Cven pirobiTad dantis-
tebad movixseniebT, mtkiced swamT msoflio wesrigis arse-
boba, radgan hgoniaT, rom naTeli azrovnebis kanonebi da
procedurebi ukve gadmocemulia b-ni dekartes mier msje-
lobaSi meTodis Sesaxeb. Tumca misi vazrovneb, maSasadame,
327
varsebob – fundamenturi principi yvelafrisaTvis, rac
axal subieqturobas exeba – arc ise martivia, rogorc am dan-
tistebs hgoniaT, da moiZebnebian adamianebi, romlebic mzad
arian, masSi wminda wylis TaRliToba aRiaron. Tu marTalia,
rom cnobiereba sakuTari TavisTvis gamWvirvalea da saku-
Tar Tavs, rogorc aseTs, Seicnobs, maSin naTelia, rom amiT
me (je) misTvis ufro gamWvirvale ar xdeba. is mas obieqtisa-
gan gansxvavebuli wesiT ar eZleva. cnobierebis mier obieq-
tis aRqma mas mis Tvisebebze dauyovnebliv warmodgenas ar
aZlevs. igive xdeba cnobierebis mier me-s aRqmisas.
sxva sityvebiT, maSinac ki, Tu me Cven winaSe marTlac war-
modgeba refleqsiis aqtSi, sadac cnobiereba, rogorc uSu-
alo mocemuloba, sakuTari TavisaTvis gamWvirvalea, es jer
kidev sulac ar niSnavs imas, rom es realoba – romlis arse-
bobis aRiarebac, TavisTavad, arcTu ise cotaa – amiT sru-
lad amoiwura.
filosofiuri xasiaTis mosazrebebma Cven TandaTan sa-
kuTari me-s wminda formalur gagebamde migviyvana, metic
– maT am funqciisadmi kritikuli damokidebuleba Cagvi-
nerges. adamianuri azri jer kidev uaryofs im ideas, TiTqos
sakuTari me warmoadgens substancias, ganixilavs ra mas,
upiratesad, rogorc miTs, romelic mkacr mecnierul kri-
tikas eqvemdebareba. ara aqvs arsebiTi mniSvneloba, kano-
nieria es azri, Tu ara, es azri, romelsac loki, kanti da
fsiqofiziologebi, iZulebulni iyvnen, gahyolodnen, – mar-
Talia, TavianTi mizezebiT da sakuTar winapirobebze dayr-
dnobiT – ecada, masSi wminda wylis iluzia daenaxa. yvela
isini udidesi eWviT epyrobodnen me-s funqcias, radgan masSi
met-naklebi sicxadiT myarad ikidebda fexs substanciona-
lizmi – religiuri warmodgena sulze, rogorc ukvdavebis
TvisebiT dajildoebul substanciaze.
istoriam gansacvifrebeli fokusi Cagvitara: sakmarisi
iyo, mxolod wamierad arad Cagvegdo froidis swavlebis is
mxare, romelmac safuZvlebis Seryeva da, azris ganviTare-
bis garkveuli tradiciiT, SesaZloa, progresic ki moitana,
rom dauyovnebliv aRmovCndiT im kritikulamdel epoqaSi,
romelsac filosofia didi xania daSorda!
328
Tavis droze, froidis moZRvrebis daxasiaTebisas, mas
kopernikiseuli gadatrialeba vuwodeT. es ar niSnavs, rom
yvela arakopernikiseuli usaTuod erTmniSvnelovania. ada-
mianebi dedamiwas amgvar usasrulo dablobad yovelTvis ro-
di warmoidgendnen, zogjer isini mas sazRvrebs miawerdnen,
sxvadasxva formebsac, vTqvaT, qalis Sliapisas. magram bo-
los da bolos isini im azramde mividnen, rom aris raRac, qve-
moT ganlagebuli – vTqvaT, centrSi, – da masze, rogorc sa-
fuZvelze, Sendeba danarCeni samyaro. Tumca CvenTvis Zneli
warmosadgenia, ra SeeZlo efiqra sakuTar me-ze sokrates
Tanamedroves, magram misTvis raRac centrSi unda yofili-
yo ganlagebuli da ar Cans, rom amas sokrate eWvis TvaliT
uyurebda. ufro savaraudoa, rom es raRac mas naklebad ax-
senebda im sakuTar me-s, romelic sawyiss sadRac XVI sauku-
neSi an XVII saukunis pirvel meoTxedSi iRebs. magram esec
da isic safuZvelSi, centrSi ido. da ai, am warmodgenasTan
mimarTebiT froidis aRmoCena gaxldaT swored koperniki-
seuli gadatrialeba – centri gadatanili aRmoCnda. am aR-
moCenis azrs kargad gamoxatavs rembos brwyinvale formula
(cnobilia, rom poetebi, romlebmac ar ician, ras amboben,
amis miuxedavad, yovelTvis pirvelni amboben): `me – es sxvaa~.
2
oRond epataJze ar wamoegoT, arc ifiqroT, gavardeT
quCaSi da iyviroT: me sxva var, – es, damerwmuneT, kargs
arafers mogitanT. ufro metic, aki amiT araferi Tqmula.
Tavdapirvelad unda SevityoT, ra aris es `sxva~. am termi-
niT zedmetad moxibvla ar Rirs.
Cven erTi Zveli kolega gvyavs, mcire xniT TanamSrom-
lobda tan modernSi (axali dro), romelsac, rogorc iciT,
eqsistencializmis Jurnals uwodeben. da ai, erTxel man
gangvacvifra gancxadebiT, rom fsiqoanalizis warmatebiT
gavlisTvis aucilebelia unari, sxva aRiqva, rogorc ase-
Tio. gamomivida Wkviani! `da ra gaqvT mxedvelobaSi, rode-
sac ambobT: sxva?~ – SeiZleba umal vkiTxoT mas. `sxva – vinaa
es: Tqveni msgavsi, Tqveni moyvasi, Tqveni me-s ideali, Tu,
329
ubralod, carieli geja? gana isini yvelani sxvani ar arian?~
aracnobieri srulad sxlteba im utyuari sagnebis wridan,
romlebSic adamiani sakuTar Tavs Seicnobs, rogorc saku-
Tar me-s. swored am wris gareSe arsebobs raRac, romelsac
sruli ufleba aqvs, me-d iwodebodes da romelic am uflebas
im faqtiT aCvenebs, rom qveynierebas swored maSin evlineba,
roca sakuTar Tavze, rogorc me-ze, ganacxadebs. da es gax-
lavT swored is, risi codnac (aRiarebac – m.k.) ar surs sa-
kuTari me-s sferos, da romelic yovelTvis mzadaa, analizSi
Tavi warmoadginos (mogvaCvenos – m.k.), rogorc me-m.
am registrSi yvelaze reliefurad warmoCndeba mniS-
vneloba imisa, rasac froidi aracnobierze gvauwyebs. iman,
rom Tavisi azri termin `aracnobieris~ daxmarebiT gamoxata,
froidi namdvil winaaRmdegobebamde miiyvana in adiecto, mas
mouxda eTqva, rom es man Tavadac uwyoda da (sic venia verba!)
amis gamo ganuwyvetliv ixdida bodiSs – aracnobieri azre-
bis Taobaze. yovelive es Zalze uxerxuli iyo, radgan im epo-
qis enobriv urTierTobaTa pirobebSi, rodesac man pirvelad
Camoayaliba Tavisi ideebi, is iZulebuli iyo, esargebla im
warmodgeniT, rom yvelaferi, romlisganac sakuTari me Sen-
deboda, aseve ekuTvnoda cnobierebis rigs. magram es sulac
ar gaxlavT cxadi. Tu is zogjer asec saubrobs, amis mizezi
filosofiuri azris garkveuli gezia, romelic im epoqaSi sa-
kuTar me-s da cnobierebas ganixilavda, rogorc or, Tanabari
Rirebulebis sidides. magram rac ufro Sors midis froidi,
miT ufro uWirs, cnobierebas Tavisi adgili ganusazRvros.
ase rom, nebsiT Tu uneblied, igi iZulebulia, aRiaros, rom
saerTod SeuZlebelia, cnobierebas adgili mouZebno. Tan-
daTan igeba dialeqtika, romelSic me ukve ar emTxveva sa-
kuTar me-s. bolos da bolos, froidi sabolood nebdeba: aq
saxezea, – ambobs is, – pirobebi, romlebic jer kidev xelidan
gvisxltdeba; mxolod momavali gvaCvenebs, raSia aq saqme.
mimdinare wels Cven vecdebiT, swored is gavarkvioT, Tu
romeli adgili SeiZleba mivuCinoT cnobierebas froidis
mier SemoTavazebul funqcionalizaciaSi.
Cven winaSe froidi axal perspeqtivas xsnis – perspeqti-
vas, romelic subieqturobis Seswavlis revolucionizirebas
330
axdens. masSi aSkara xdeba, rom subieqti ar emTxveva individs.
es gansxvaveba, romelic dasawyisSi me subieqturi planiT
vaCvene, aranakleb SeigrZnoba – da amas mecnieruli Tval-
sazrisiT marTlac gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs – obieqtur
planSic.
Tu Cven bihevioristebis Tvalsazrisze davdgebiT da
ganvixilavT im yvelafers, rac `adamianis~ saxeliT cnobil
cxovelSi, organizmis saxiT aRebul individSi obieqturad
gveZleva, maSin uTuod aRmovaCenT rig Tvisebebs, gadaad-
gilebebs, manevrebs, urTierTdamokidebulebebs da qcevis am
wesebis organizebis mixedviT swored rom SevZlebT ganvsa-
joT, Tu ramdenad metad aqvs unari individs, swor gzas ga-
dauxvios im sagnebis dasaufleblad, romlebic ganisazRvreba,
rogorc mizani. swored amiT SeviqmniT warmodgenas gare sam-
yarosTan misi kavSirebis ganviTarebaze, ganvsazRvravT misi
gonivrulobis xarisxs, davadgenT dones, Skalas, romliTac
SegveZleba, gavzomoT xarisxi srulyofilebisa, anu aretesi
(saTnoebisa – m.k.), misi saxe. amrigad, is axali, rac froidma
mogvitana, SemdegSi mdgomareobs: subieqtis yvela is samu-
Sao, romelzec axla vsaubrobdiT, sruliad araa mimarTuli
RerZulisadmi, romlis gaswvriv gadaadgilebac daemTxve-
oda individualuri pirovnebis gonivrulobis, Rirsebebis,
srulyofilebis zrdas.
froidi gvarwmunebs, rom subieqti – es araa misi goneba,
is sxva RerZze mdebareobs, igi gonebisadmi eqscentrulia.
subieqti, romelic funqcionirebs, rogorc subieqti, war-
moadgens raRac sxvas, vidre garegan samyarosTan adaptirebu-
li organizmi, da mTeli misi saqcieli laparakobs – misTvis,
visac xelewifeba, es xma gaigonos – sruliad sxva adgilidan,
vidre is RerZia, romelsac Cven vxedavT, roca am subieqts
ganvixilavT, rogorc individis funqcias – interesTa im
gansazRvruli nakrebis mqones, individualuri aretes ideas
rom efuZneba.
vecadoT, jerjerobiT am topologiur metaforas mivyveT
– subieqti individTan mimarTebiT decentrirebulia. fraza:
`me – es sxva var~ sakuTar TavSi swored am azrs Seicavs.
331
es azri raRac xarisxiT ukve centraluri kartezianuli
intuiciis velebze SeimCneva. sakmarisia, dekartes kiTxvisas
dantistis saTvale moixsnaT, Tqven masTan umalve mTel rig
gamocanebs aRmoaCenT, romelTagan erT-erTi egreT wode-
bul matyuara RmerTs exeba. saqme isaa, rom iRebT ra iaraRad
sakuTari me-s cnebas, Tqven nebsiT Tu uneblied gulisxmobT,
rom sadRac kartebia Secvlili. saboloo angariSiT, matyu-
ra RmerTi – es imis reintegrirebis saSualebaa, rac uaryo-
fili iyo, ektopia.
zustad am dros erT-erTma Tavisufalma moazrovnem,
sakuTari Tavi salonuri mWevrmetyvelebis savarjiSoebs
rom miuZRvna (swored iq, salonebSi, zogjer saocari ambebi
xdeba, da fuW garTobebSi movlenaTa axali wesrigi Cndeba), –
ucnaurma tipma, laroSfukos saxeliT, romelic odnavadac
ar pasuxobda klasikaze moarul warmodgenebs, ratomRac
gadawyvita, raRac saocari euwyebina saganze, aqamde aravis
gansakuTrebul interess rom ar iwvevda, – Tavmoyvareobaze.
sasaciloa, rom misgan naTqvami amdenad skandaluri aRmoC-
nda, – kacma rom Tqvas, aseTi ra Tqva? man mxolod da mxolod
yuradReba miapyro im faqts, rom, erTi SexedviT, yvelaze
ufro dauinteresebel Cvens saqciels didebis survili war-
marTavs. maT Soris iseTebsac, sadac Cven mgznebare siyvaru-
li an sikeTis farulad keTebis survili gvamoZravebs.
mainc ras amtkicebda igi? amtkicebda ki is, rom Cven yve-
lafers siamovnebisaTvis vakeTebT? es Zalze mniSvnelovani
sakiTxia, radgan froidTan yvelaferi swored siamovnebis
irgvliv igeba. Tu laroSfukos surda, martooden es eTq-
va, man mxolod is gaimeora, rasac uxsovari droidan yvela
filosofiuri skola amtkicebs, – ra Tqma unda, sinamdvileSi
uxsovari droidan araferi xdeba, magram Tqven xom SesaniS-
navad xvdebiT, mocemul SemTxvevaSi ra maqvs mxedvelobaSi.
sokrates droidan adamianebi Tvlian, rom siamovneba – es sa-
kuTari sikeTis Ziebaa. adamiani, rasac ar unda fiqrobdes, si-
amovnebisaken iswrafvis, Tavis sikeTes udgas kvalSi. kiTxva
mxolod is gaxlavT, aris Tu ara adamianuri modgmis konkre-
tuli nimuSi, misTvis aq da axla damaxasiaTebeli yoveldRi-
uri reaqciebiT, sakmarisad gonieri, raTa Tavisi namdvili
332
sikeTe gamoicnos, da Tu xvdeba, sad Zevs es sikeTe, maSin im
siamovnebasac iRebs, romelic sikeTes axlavs. bentamma es
Teoria mis ukidures Sedegebamde ganaviTara.
magram laroSfuko sul sxva rameze miaqcevs Cvens yurad-
Rebas – im garemoebaze, rom, rodesac TiTqos dauinterese-
bel saqciels CavdivarT, Cven gvgonia, TiTqos uars vambobT
uSualo siamovnebaze da umaRlesi rangis sikeTes veswraf-
viT, magram Cven vtyuvdebiT. axali swored esaa. es sulac
ar gaxlavT zogadi Teoria, romelic gvarwmunebs, TiTqos
yvela adamianur funqcias egoizmi marTavs. amgvari azri
gvxvdeba wminda Tomas siyvarulis fizikur TeoriaSi, rome-
lic iuwyeba, rom subieqti siyvarulSi Tavis sakuTar sike-
Tes eZebs. amboben, rom wminda Tomas, romelic aq mxolod
imeorebda mravali saukunis win Tqmuls, vinme giiom-de-
sent-amuri SeekamaTa, romelic amtkicebda, SeuZlebelia,
siyvaruli sakuTari sikeTis Ziebamde davideso. laroSfuko-
sTan skandaluria ara is, rom Tavmoyvareobas igi nebismieri
adamianuri qcevis safuZvelSi debs, aramed is, rom igi cru,
aranamdvili aRmoCndeba. Cvens ego-s axasiaTebs erTgvari he-
donizmi, da ai, swored is gvatyuebs, gvarTmevs ra rogorc
uSualo siamovnebas, aseve kmayofilebasac, romelic SeiZle-
boda, masze sakuTari Tavis upiratesobis SegnebiT gangve-
cada. aq pirvelad xdeba planebis dayofa, suraTSi pirvelad
Cndeba siRrme, romelic ormagi xedvis – diplopiis – efeqti-
sas, Tvals gvixels imaze, Tu rogor xdeba realuri planis
gamocalkeveba.
es koncefcia im tradiciaSi ewereba, romelic parale-
luria filosofiuri tradiciisa, – moralistebis tradi-
ciaSi. moralistebi is adamianebi ki ar arian, romlebic mor-
alze specializdebian, aramed isini, vinc moralur qcevas an
Cveulebebs imis perspeqtivaSi ganixilaven, rasac WeSmari-
tebas eZaxian. am tradicias agvirgvinebs nicSes moralis ge-
nealogia, romelic jer kidev srulad Zevs im, garkveuli sa-
xiT, uaryofiT perspeqtivaSi, sadac yoveli adamianuri qceva
uwyveti cdomilebis saxiT warmodgeba. ai, swored am RruSi,
am WurWelSi Caedineba froidiseuli WeSmaritebis nakadi.
diax, Tqven cdebiT, magram WeSmariteba arsebobs, ubralod
igi sxva adgilas aris. da froidi gveubneba, saxeldobr, sad.
333
is, rac am momentSi moulodnelad mexis dartymasaviT
iWreba, – es seqsualuri instinqtia, libido. magram ra aris
es seqsualuri instinqti? da libido? pirveladi procesi?
Tqven fiqrobT, rom es TqvenTvis cnobilia, – da mec aseve, –
magram es sulac ar niSnavs, rom amaSi didad darwmunebulni
varT. es sakiTxebi ufro yuradRebiT Seswavlas imsaxurebs da
mimdinare wels swored amiT davkavdebiT.
3
ra gvaqvs dRevandel dRes? Teoriuli kakafonia, Tval-
sazrisTa gasaocari cvlileba. ratom? pirvel rigSi imitom,
rom 1920 wlis Semdeg metafsiqologiaSi dawerili naSromebi
froidis Semdgomi pirveli da meore Taobis mier – ara misi
wonis adamianTa mier – naSromebia, romlebic mcdarad wa-
ikiTxes da sruliad bodviTi suliskveTebiT ganmartes.
saerTod, ratom miiCnia froidma Tavis movaleobad, Semo-
etana es axali, topikuris, metafsiqologiuris saxeliT cno-
bili cnebebi: me, ze-me, igi? saqme isaa, rom misi aRmoCenis
Sedegad aRmocenebul cdaSi gaCnda Semobrunebis momenti,
konkretuli krizisi. is, kacma rom Tqvas, imaSi mdgomareobs,
rom axalma me-m, romelTanac dialogi unda wargvemarTa, gan-
sazRvruli drois amowurvis Semdeg uari gviTxra, epasuxa.
es krizisi ueWvelobiT Cndeba istoriul mowmobeb-
Si, romlebic 1910 da 1920 wlebis periods exeba. pirveli
fsiqoanalizuri aRmoCenebis Semdeg subieqtebi TiTqmis
saswaulebrivad ikurnebodnen – Cven amas dRemde vgrZnobT,
roca guldasmiT vkiTxulobT froidis dakvirvebebs, mis
TvalismomWrel axsna-ganmartebebs, romlebsac bolo ar
uCans. magram faqti faqtad rCeba: saqme TandaTan sul uare-
sad da uaresad midioda, da droTa ganmavlobaSi Sedegebi
Zalze mokrZalebuli gaxda.
swored es gvaZlevs nebas, vifiqroT, rom garkveul-
wilad, me marTali var, rodesac subieqturobis arsebobaze
da imaze migiTiTebT, rom droTa msvlelobaSi cvlilebisas
is mihyveba raRac mizezobriobas, raRac, misTvis damaxasi-
334
aTebel dialeqtikas, romelic erTi subieqturobidan meo-
reze gadadis da Cans, raime saxis individualur gavlenas ar
ganicdis. am pirobiT erTeulebSi, – maTi kerZo Tavisebure-
bebis ZaliT, subieqturobebad rom saxeldeba, – raRac xdeba,
raRac iketeba, raRac winaaRmdegobas wevs – mainc ra?
ai, swored 1920 wels, ese igi, Semobrunebis momentis Sem-
deg, romelzec me es-esaa vilaparake, analitikur teqnikaSi
damdgari krizisis Semdeg froidi saWirod Tvlis, brunvaSi
Semoitanos axali metafsiqologiuri cnebebi. da Tu yurad-
RebiT wavikiTxavT, ras wers froidi, 1920 wlidan dawyebuli,
naTeli gaxdeba, rom Zalze mWidro kavSiri arsebobs teqni-
kis momaval krizissa da am axali cnebebis Seqmnas Soris. mag-
ram amisTvis unda waikiTxo misi naSromebi, amasTan, sasur-
velia, im rigiT, rogorc iyvnen dawerilni. TviT faqti, rom
`siamovnebis principis iqeTa mxares~ dawerilia ufro adre,
vidre `koleqtiuri fsiqoanalizi da sakuTari me-s analizi~,
da ufro adre, vidre `me da igi~, CvenSi iseT kiTxvebs iwvevs,
romlebic sakuTari Tavis winaSe aravis arasodes dausvams.
is, riTac 1920 wlidan sargeblobs froidi, – es damate-
biTi cnebebia, im dros aucilebelni imisaTvis, rom subi-
eqtis decentrirebis principi xeluxleblad Semoinaxos.
magram imis nacvlad, rom maswavlebels, rogorc saWiroa,
gaugon, moswavleebma mxiaruli yiJina astexes: `vaSa! ai, Cvenc
SevxvdiT! Cveni patara da mamaci me isev CvenTanaa! Cven zoga-
di fsiqologiis gzas davubrundiT!~ da rogor ar unda dab-
runde iq sixaruliT, Tuki ganTqmuli zogadi fsiqologia –
es ara ubralod moxerxebuli, aramed yvelasa da TiToeulis
fsiqologiaa? gamoCnda axali SesaZlebloba imis rwmunebi-
sa, rom `Cemi me~ zustad centrSi mdebareobs, – ai, ram gaaxa-
ra yvela! da genialuri monaCmaxebi, romlebzec axla okeanis
sxva napiridan aRwevs cnobebi, amis ukanaskneli mtkicebu-
leba gaxlavT.
batonma hartmanma, fsiqoanalizis am qerubimma, mogvita-
na keTili uwyeba, romelic nebas gvaZlevs, bolos da bolos,
mSvidad viZinoT, – uwyeba avtonomiuri egos arsebobaze.
swored es ego, – froidis aRmoCenis momentidan yovelTvis
335
rom ganixileboda, rogorc konfliqtebis wyaro, kidec rom
ganisazRvros, rogorc realobasTan damakavSirebeli fun-
qcia, – mainc CaiTvleba raRac iseTad, romlis damorCileba
realobis damorCilebis darad, dramatulad mimdinareobs.
ai, swored es ego – moulodnelad ukan gvibrundeba, rogorc
raRac centraluri mocemuloba. romel Sinagan aucileb-
lobas pasuxobs survili amtkico, TiTqos sadRac unda arse-
bobdes autonomus ego?
es rwmena scdeba subieqtis individualuri gulubryvi-
lobis farglebs, subieqtisa, romelsac `sjera sakuTari
Tavis~, ese igi, swams, TiTqos is swored `is aris~, – erTob
gavrcelebuli sigiJe, magram ara sruli, ramdenadac rwme-
naTa sferos ganekuTvneba. naTelia, rom Cven yvelas gvaqvs
tendencia, gvwamdes is, rom Cven es Cvena varT. magram ukeT
daakvirdiT – nuTu amaSi amdenad myarad varT darwmune-
bulni? Zalze bevr da sruliad konkretul garemoebebSi amis
Sesaxeb eWvebi gviCndeba, Tumca mainc ar viSliT, pirovnebad
vigrZnoT Tavi. ase rom, sulac ar apireben, am gulubryvilo
rwmenisaken mogvaqcion. laparakia sociologiur movlena-
ze, roca analizi gamodis, rogorc teqnika an, Tu gnebavT,
ceremoniali – Taviseburi mRvdelTmsaxureba, miRebuli gan-
sazRvrul socialur konteqstSi.
ratom dasWirdaT, kvlav ganecxadebinaT avtonomiuri
ego-s transcendentur realobaze? Tu axlodan davakvir-
debiT, aRmoCndeba, rom laparakia egoze gansxvavebul indi-
videbTan, – aq egalitarulis safrTxe ar aris. Cven vubrun-
debiT gasagnebul warmodgenebs, romelTa Tanaxmad, garda
imisa, rom individebi arseboben, amasTan, erTni ufro did-
xans arseboben, vidre meoreni. swored aseTi warmodgene-
biT arian mowamlulni, met-naklebad aSkarad, `Zlieri me-s~
da `susti me-s~ is cnebebi, romlebsac amJamad mimarTaven,
Tavi rom daaRwion problemebs, romlebic ukavSirdeba
rogorc nevrozebis gagebas, ise analitikuri teqnikis swor
gamoyenebas.
Tavis dros da Tavis adgilas Cven amas kvlav
davubrundebiT.
336
amgvarad, mimdinare wels Cven gavagrZelebT sakuTa-
ri me-s cnebis Seswavlas da kritikas froidis TeoriaSi,
davazustebT am cnebis azrs froidiseuli aRmoCenisa da
fsiqologiuri teqnikis Suqze. paralelurad Cven Sevudge-
biT am cnebidan zogierTi Tanamedrove daskvnebis Seswavlas,
romlebic individuumebs Soris urTierTobaTa fsiqoanali-
tikuri ganxilvis gansazRvrul wesTan arian dakavSirebulni.
froidiseuli metafsiqologia 1920 wels ar warmoSobi-
la. is froidTan dasawyisidanve saxezea – ixileT misi pirve-
li samecniero Sromebis krebuli, mimowera flisTan, amave
periodis metafsiqologiuri naSromebi – bolos is mis mier
`sizmrebis ganmartebaSi~ ganviTardeba. 1910 da 1920 wlebs
Soris misi kvali aseve sakmarisad SesamCnevia, raSic SesaZ-
lebloba gqondaT, gasul wels Cvens seminarebze darwmu-
nebuliyaviT. 1920 wlidan dawyebuli, Cven SevdivarT masSi,
rasac SeiZleba vuwodoT ukanaskneli metafsiqologiuri
periodi. `siamovnebis principis iqeTa mxares~ aris am pe-
riodis pirveli teqsti da masSi sakvanZo rols asrulebs.
is yvelaze ufro rTulic gaxlavT. yvela misi saidumlos
dauyovnebliv gamocnoba Cvens Zalebs aRemateba, magram ra
vqnaT, Tuki yvelaferi swored ase moxda – froidma es teqsti
manamde dawera, vidre Tavisi topikis damuSavebas moaswrebda.
amitomac, mis Seswavlas im dromde gadavdebT, vidre mis
momdevno naSromebSi kargad ar gaverkveviT – an ar gvego-
neba, rom gaverkvieT, uamisod seriozuli Secdomebis riskis
winaSe aRmovCndebiT. isec xdeba, rom analitikosebis umrav-
lesobas TiTqos ena waerTmeva xolme, roca saxelganTqmul
sikvdilis instiqtze Camovardeba saubari.
me gTxovdiT, rom romelime Tqvengani, – magaliTad, le-
fevr-pontalisi, – Tavazianad dagvTanxmdes, waikiTxos `si-
amovnebis principis iqeTa mxares~ da es naSromi Cvens audi-
torias warmoudginos.
maia jaliaSvili
340
se mTis jansaRi haeriT, miTiuri warmodgenebiT, zRaprebiTa
da legendebiT – axal ganzomilebebs warmoSobda da mikro-
kosmosis modelirebas axdenda.
cnobilia, rogor icvleba piesa scenaze ganxorcielebi-
sas. reJisori da msaxiobebi mas axal sicocxles sZenen. teq-
sti Tavidan ibadeba da icvleba garemos Sesabamisad. am gare-
mos ki msaxiobebi, reJisori da mayurebeli erTad qmnian.
sagulisxmoa is mRelvareba da mokrZaleba, rasac avtori
masalaze muSaobisas ganicdida. saba metreveli erT inter-
viuSi aRniSnavs: `mTeli eqvsi Tve TiTqos mwerlis xma damdevda:
amas rogor bedav, ram gagakadnierao. piesaSi specialurad
ar Sevitane is nawarmoebebi, romlebic Tavadve aqcia kinod,
moveride imaTac, rasac skolebSi aswavlian. xelovnebaSi
CemTvis mTavaria gansakuTrebuli forma da amaRelvebeli
Sinaarsi. swored aseT qargaze avage scenari goderZi Coxe-
lis mTeli Semoqmedebis gaTvaliswinebiT~. man am piesaSi gaa-
cocxla sxvadasxva moTxrobis (`Cemi wigni~, `adamianT sevda~,
`bedisweris Teatri~, `marTa~, `RmerTis Svilebi~, `moxevis
sadRegrZelo~ da sxv.) personaJebi da scenis erT sada da te-
vad mikrosamyaroSi Semoiyvana mTeli sofeli, Tavisi warma-
vali Tu maradiuli satkivriT. swored es sofeli, rogorc,
zogadad, wuTisofeli, TiTqos arRvevs scenasa da mayure-
bels Soris arsebul sazRvars da SemoiWreba realur yofaSi.
es scena ki, erTi mxriv, sarkiseburad ireklavs yofas, me-
ore mxriv, yovelives gardaqmnis da mxatvrul simboloebad
aqcevs.
speqtaklis reJisorebi arian irakli gogia da laSa gog-
niaSvili. maTi es erToblivi namuSevari mowmobs, ramdenad
mniSvnelovania erovnuli da zogadsakacobrio idealebis
warmoCena scenaze. Tanamedrove qarTuli Teatri msoflio
Teatralur tendenciebs misdevs da sruliad gansxvavebul,
originalur, epoqis Sesabamisi suliskveTebis warmodgenebs
sTavazobs mayurebels. am amocanis gadawyvetaSi axmetelis
Teatri yvelagan gamorCeulia Tavisi tradiciiT, esTetiki-
Ta da stilistikiT, inovaciuri ZiebebiT. ra Tqma unda, am
TeatrSi sxvadasxva dros gansxvavebuli msoflmxedvisa da
Sexedulebebis reJisorebi muSaobdnen, magram misi saxe yve-
laze metad mainc Tamam eqsperimentebTan asocirdeba.
341
Tbilisis gareubanSi arsebuli axmetelis Teatri maco-
cxlebeli Senakadia dedaqalaqis kulturuli cxovrebisa.
Teatrs xelmZRvanelobs dRes gamorCeuli xelweris xelo-
vani irakli gogia, romelsac miaCnia, rom `Teatri suliT
mkurnalobaa~. axmetelis Teatramde oTxi weli zugdidis
Teatris direqtori da samxatvro xelmZRvaneli iyo, Semdeg
mcire xans mozardmayurebelTa TeatrSi imuSava, parale-
lurad, ilias universitetSi reJisorebs aswavlida da xe-
lovnebis fakultetze leqciebs kiTxulobda. mizandasaxu-
li, energiuli da SemoqmedebiTi ZiebebiT aRsavse irakli
gogia speqtaklebs sxvadasxva TeatrSi (rusTavelSi, marja-
niSvilSi) dgamda. axalgazrda reJisors ukve aqvs warmatebiT
dadgmuli speqtaklebi, maT Soris, gamovarCevT 2013 wels
jon marelis piesis `langustis sicilis~ mixedviT marja-
niSvilis Teatris scenaze dadgmul speqtakls `memuarebi~,
romelSic scenis didostatebi: oTar meRvineTuxucesi da
guranda gabunia monawileobdnen. agreTve, iliaunis Teat-
rSi dadgmul speqtakls `lifti~ (piesis avtorebi: ismail
imanovi, naTela osmanli), axalgazrda msaxiobTa monawile-
obiT, `piloni~ (foTis TeatrSi daidga rezo kldiaSvilis
piesis mixedviT). reJisoris niWze metyvelebs isic, rom mas
SeuZlia klasikis axleburi wakiTxva da Tanamedrovedrove-
obis suliskveTebis gamoxatva. amitomacaa, rom mis speqtak-
lebs ar aklia mayurebeli. jer kidev doqtoranti iyo irakli
gogia, rodesac misma speqtaklma `ferflis planetam~ (devid
zan mairovicis radiopiesis mixedviT) 2012 wels saerTaSoriso
aRiareba moipova, kerZod, minskSi gamarTul Teatraluri xe-
lovnebis msoflio kongresisa da sauniversiteto Teatrebis
saerTaSoriso festivalze saukeTeso speqtaklad dasaxelda.
laSa gogniaSvilis speqtaklebsac kargad icnobs Tana-
medrove Teatraluri samyaro: gansakuTrebiT gamovarCevT
2014 wels cxinvalis TeatrSi dadgmul evgeni Svarcis pie-
sas `konkia~, aTenSi dadgmul speqtakls – `firosmans~. misma
speqtaklma `beslanma~ ukrainis festival `mandrivi viSakze~
meore adgili daikava, agreTve, `wiTel zols~. mis speqtak-
lebs gamoarCevs Tanamedrove aqtualur TemebTan mZafri da
342
kritikuli Sexmianeba, humanizmisa da zneobrivi idealebisT-
vis brZolisa da sifxizlis paTosi.
laSa gogniaSvilma erT interviuSi aRniSna: `nebismieri
CvenganisaTvis Zalian axlobelia goderZi Coxeli, magram
roca misi Semoqmedeba scenaze gadagaqvs da cdilob, perso-
naJebi gaacocxlo, sirTuleebs awydebi. ar ginda, dakargo is
sibrZne, romelic mis nawarmoebebSia. Tan es yvelaferi moq-
medebas moargo, rom mxolod monologi ar gamovides. Zali-
an bevri xerxis mofiqreba dagvWirda, rom mwerlis xelwera
mayureblamde ara gansxvavebuli, aramed pirvelyofili sa-
xiT mogvetana~.
reJisorebma da scenaristma SesaniSnavad iTanamSromles
da warmatebasac miaRwies. sagulisxmo reJisoruli mignebaa
borjRaliT gamoxatuli keriis dadgma scenaze, swored es
keria, rogorc ojaxis, soflis, qveynisa Tu mTeli samyaros
macocxlebeli simbolo, Semoikrebs garSemo yvela perso-
naJs. am keriis garSemo TamaSdeba dramatuli istoriebi,
romelTac yoveli personaJi mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTe-
beli metyvelebis, Jestebis maneriT acocxlebs.
speqtaklis dasawyisSive gaismis yofis fundameturi
kiTxvebi: ra aris sicocxle? ra aris sikvdili? goderZi Cox-
elis metaforuli pasuxebi: `sicocxle adamianad arsebobis
tkbili sevdaa~, xolo `sikvdili – adamianad aryofnis sevda~
Tavidanve SesZravs mayurebels da CarTavs scenaze mimdinare
adamianur komediasa Tu tragediaSi.
mSvenieri reJisoruli gadawyvetaa, roca Tavidan, pir-
velsave epizodSi mayurebeli yvela personaJs erTad xedavs
statikur mdgomareobaSi. isini ucxoni arian, magram Semdeg
TiToeuli maTgani cal-calke Semodis scenaze, Tavis sixa-
rulsa Tu tkivils, Tavis dardsa da ocnebas uziarebs mayu-
rebels da speqtaklis bolos, roca isini isev erTad gamoCn-
debian yvelani scenaze, mayurebeli ukve aRar aris maT mimarT
gulgrili. reJisorebmac SeZles da isini gaacnes mayure-
bels, suli, guli da goneba SeuZres mas, kaTarzisi gamoiwvi-
es da Sin wasulebs gaayoles adamianad yofnisTvis aucile-
beli fiqri siyvarulsa, sikeTesa, samSoblos erTgulebasa da
rwmenaze.
343
gamokveTil saxasiaTo rolebs qmnian msaxiobebi, maT So-
ris gamorCeulia ofelia, Seqspiris ofeliaseburi araamqvey-
niuri umankoebiT, gulubryvilobiTa da Tanve erTgvari
amqveyniuri, garemoebebiT ganpirobebuli eSmakobiT, moir-
gos is roli, romelsac sofeli `moiTxovs~ misgan. msaxiobi
gvanca kandelaki SesaniSnavad gadmoscems personaJis sulSi
datrialebul dramas, romelic gulisxmobs yofiT prob-
lemebTan gamklavebis siZneles. goderZi Coxels personaJi
monasterSi mihyavs, am piesaSic asea. bolos, mas Semdeg, rac
Seasrulebs amqveyniur rols, daexmara soflelebs Tavisi
moulodneli angelozobiT, isic monastrisken midis, Tumca
manamde is sofels gaumxels Tavis miwierobas.
saintereso saxea scenaze mudmivad myofi mefandure
ymawvili, romlis rols asrulebs giorgi cxadaZe. igi TiT-
qos drois simboloa. ymawvili mTeli speqtaklis ganmav-
lobaSi ukravs fandurze moqmedebis Sesaferis sxvadasxva
melodias da mReris iseve ritmulad da bunebrivad, rogorc
drois mdinarebaa, marad Tanmdevi da SeumCneveli.
dauviwyaria gia jafariZis baTareka, romlis mier war-
moTqmuli yoveli fraza TiTqos sabrZolo iaraRia boro-
tebasTan sabrZolvelad. msaxiobi axerxebs personaJis samya-
ros udanakargod motanas mayureblamde, masSi aRZravs vaJ-
kacuri suliskveTebasa da Cagrulis Tanadgomis, moyvasis-
Tvis Tavganwirvis survils.
mzia taliaSvilis marTas saxe mogvagonebs oTaraanT
qvrivisebur Seudreklobas, romelsac mxolod Svilis tra-
gikuli aRsasruli bzaravs. msaxiobs zustad, yovelgvari
xelovnuri dramatulobis gareSe moaqvs mayurebelTan an-
gelosurisa da demonuris Sexvedrisas warmoqmnili eldis
arsi. marTas gulSi CviliviviT Caxutebuli `vefxistyaosa-
ni~ mayurebels imeds aRuZravs, rom mSveniereba, sabolood,
arsad ikargeba, is daZlevs sikvdilis borkilebsac da gaTa-
visuflebuli maradiulad moevlineba wuTisofels.
mayurebeli sulSeZruli ismenda mtredisa da kacis me-
gobrobis STambeWdav istorias. msaxiob mamuka mazavriSvi-
lis apareka namdvilad amxels msaxiobis ostatobas. man Se-
344
Zlo mTeli sxeuli imgvarad gardaeqmna, rom misi mzerisas
mayurebels hqonoda misi sulis gaCxrekis gancda. ubedure-
bisa da bednierebis saocari nazavis gamoxatva msaxiobma Se-
Zlo da mayurebels fiqris nakadebi aRuZra.
saintereso iyo beqnu qafianiZis mwerali, romlis saxe-
Si gamoikveTeboda erTgvari Tavdajerebulobaca da dabne-
ulobac. mayurebeli xedavs, rogor eWideba mis sulSi erT-
maneTs warmaval, materialuri samyarosTan mijaWvulobis
gancda da ukvdavebasTan ziarebis wyurvili.
speqtaklSi aris mTavari da meorexarisxovani rolebi,
rogorc cxovrebaSi, magram sxvadasxva Taobis msaxiobebi
yvela rols SesaniSnavad asruleben. mayurebels SesZravs
neli badalaSvilis sofio, lika quTaTelaZis ninua, nino ci-
makuriZis salome, jaba jafariZis jRuna, vaJa ciciloSvi-
lis gagila, Tamar beJuaSvilisa da TamTa pataSuris poli-
tikosebi – erTgvari parodirebuli saxeebi. gigi migriaulis
mejvare, vasil SixaSvilis, andrea gvelesianis, maiko vawaZis,
Sorena zubiaSvilsa da valeri toronjaZis Sesrulebuli
mezobelTa saxeebi.
msaxiobebi axerxeben, xmis intonaciuri mimoxvriT, Jest-
mimikiTa da moZraobiT mayurebels uCvenon, ra sulieri
Zvrebi xdeba adamianSi, rogor icvlebian, gardaiqmnebian. pi-
esis materialur sivrceSi xilvad horizontalze ganviTa-
rebuli ambebi gamoZaxils pouloben uxilav sulier verti-
kalze, romelic xSirad msaxiobTa mravlismTqmel mzerasa
da gamometyvelebaSi mJRavndeba.
SemsrulebelTa Soris iyvnen rogorc gamocdili, aseve
gamoucdeli msaxiobebi, magram isini erT ansambls, erTgvar
orkestrs qmnidnen, yvela Tavisi energetikuli veliT iyo
CarTuli am magur dro-sivrceSi, romelic magnitiviT izi-
davda mayurebels, amitom reagirebda darbazi mimdinare am-
bebze taSiT, dumiliTa Tu Tvals momdgari cremlebiT.
reJisorebTan erTad speqtaklis erTianobas qmnian mxat-
vari: marika kvaWaZe, qoreografi: giorgi razmaZe, reJisoris
TanaSemwe: rusudan SoSitaSvili. yoveli maTganis Rvawli
TvalsaCinoa.
345
erT interviuSi SesaniSnavi poeti, goderZi Coxelis me-
gobari tariel xarxelauri aRniSnavs: `sul axlaxan axmete-
lis TeatrSi viyavi, sadac goderZis nawarmoebebis mixedviT,
pirvelad saqarTveloSi daidga speqtakli. pirvelive wuTi-
dan SiSma amitaca, rogor SeiZleba goderZi Coxeli aiyvano
ai, aseT patara scenaze, Tan amdeni msaxiobebiT. oci kaci
mainc idga scenaze. magram spektaklis damTavrebis Semdeg
gakvirvebuli davrCi. rogor SeZlo reJisorma, rom goderZis
xasiaTi ar dakargvoda speqtakls, is didi tkivili, romel-
mac goderZi Coxelis guli ase dafliTa. ai, am speqtaklSi
davinaxe, rogor idga is mwervalze~.
erT moTxrobaSi goderZi Coxeli wers: „mgonia, rom gu-
damayris xeoba didi wignia. mTebi ydebada aqvs am wigns da
SigniT uamravi moTxroba weria. mze da mTvare manaToblad
myvanan, vzivar CemTvis. gadaSlili maqvs es ucnauri wigni da
vkiTxulob“ („Cemi wigni“).
speqtalis Semqmnelebma, mTelma samsaxiobo dasma, am ja-
dosnuri wigni-speqtaklis wamkiTxvelad TeatrSi misuli ma-
yurebelic aqcia da is bedniereba mianiWa, romelic sikeTisa
da siyvarulis maradiulobaSi garwmunebs.
346
sesili Zebniauri
zaza firaliSvili –
irakli farjiani da Sexvedris metafizika
meditaciebidan meditaciebamde
da ratom farjiani?
350
Cveul sistemasa da mimarTebebs, memkvidreobiT miRebul war-
modgenaTa sistemas da Zenonis SeCerebuli isris msgavsad,
wertilis usasrulobaSi gviTrevs, romelic SesaZloa axali
sinamdvilis saTaved gadaiqces. swored `aq da axla~ aris is
wre, romliskenac unda mivdiode, rogorc Cemi `Sinisaken~.
farjiani ar cdilobs kulturis im formebis mxatvrul
formebSi ganmeorebas, romelTa garemocvaSic daibada. igi
mTlianad kulturis vibraciaTa rezonansSia moqceuli da
Tavisi ZalisxmeviT axal sicocxles, axal dinamikas aniWebs mas.
farjiani ar aris kreatori am sityvis pirdapiri da tra-
diciuli mniSvnelobiT. igi Tanamyofia da ara kreatori, igi
ar qmnis saganTa simulaciur oreulebs. Tavisi mxatvro-
biT farjiani aris „samyaroSi uCinrad moxvedrili arseba,
romelic yoveldRiuri SexvedrebiT adasturebs am samyaros
arsebobas da amgvar SexvedraTa dokumentebs qmnis“. farji-
ani mTeli arsebiT cdilobs gaaSiSvlos sicocxle, konture-
bis maqsimaluri SesustebiT gaamJRavnos is, rac am konturebs
miRmaa.
farjianis sixaruli aris ara „mxatvruli sinamdvilis“
Seqmnisa da demonstrirebis, aramed `misalmebis~ infantilu-
ri sixaruli.
farjianTan feri TiTqmis srul avtonomiurobas iZens
da garkveulobis sazRvrebs arRvevs. igi iqceva energiis im
epicentrad, saidanac yofierebis mTeli sisrule amoifrqve-
va da Tavad Cvenc mogvicavs. Mmagram farjianis SemTxvevaSi
aris kidev raRaca sxva – ferTmetyvelebis dResaswaulze
meti. es aris sikvdilis Tanaobis gancda, roliTac wlebis
ganmavlobaSi cxovrobda da „mis sicxades versad daaRwevda
Tavs – iqneb, arc ucdia, Tuki ramem Seqmna farjiani, swored
sikvdilis Tanaobis am mudmivma da, Tu SeiZleba iTqvas,
rutinulma gamocdilebam“.
farjiani aris Cveni megzuri, romelmac sikvdilis molo-
dini samyarosTan mimarTebis instrumentad aqcia. man SeZlo
da am molodinis rezonansSi moaqcia mTeli Tavisi cxovreba,
amiT moipova is, rasac Semdeg ferebisa da konturebis meS-
veobiT gamoxatavda. swored farjianTan erTad gancdili
sikvdilis molodinis metafizikuri sevda gvaiZulebs, rom
Tanaobis aqtSi vimoZraoT molodinis zRvarze. Cvens adami-
351
anur yofasac swored es aniWebs sakuTriv adamianur sazriss.
amiT „Cven imTaviTve warmovadgenT metafizikuri sevdiT,
rogorc pirveladi da umTavresi ZaliT amoZravebul ar-
sebebs, romlebic miimarTebian ara mxolod socialuri me-
qanizmebiT regulirebadi interaqciisaken, arame iqiT, sadac
Cveni pirveladi da saerTo gamocdilebania, sadac aris is,
rasac Cveni pirveladi eklesiuroba SeiZleba vuwodoT“.
farjiani ar svams pirvelad kiTxvebs. pirveladi kiTxva
misi bunebrivi mdgomareobaa, rac imgvari zRvruli daZabu-
lobiT yofnas niSnavs, sikvdilamde gardacvaleba rom unda
moitanos. amgvari kiTxvebi ki SeiZleba daibados iq, sadac
pirveladi Sexvedris, „aq da axla“ Tanaobis totalobaa.
farjianis mxatvroba swored am vnebiani daZabulobiTa da
zRvruli intensiurobiT aris damuxtuli. yofnisa da aryof-
nis sunTqva farjianTan iseve igrZnoba, rogorc SopenTan da
amiT orives Semoqmedeba damSvidobebis tkiviliani sevdiT,
sikvdilis mudmivi da uwyveti Tanaobis tkiviliT savse molo-
diniT aris gaJRenTili. am molodinSi xan mdumarebisa da
Caqrobis elementia ufro meti, rogorc yvavilebis 1989 wlis
seriaSi, xan ki demiurguli karnavalis gancda, rogorc es
1990 wlis naxatebSia. uerTmaneTod isini TiTqmis araso-des
moicema. maTi Tanayofnaa is „namdvilze unamdvilesi sinamd-
vile“, romlis gagebis vnebac gansazRvravda farjianis gzas.
Tu ginda, mihyve farjians da scado misi namuSevrebis
verbaluri eqvivalentis Seqmna, Tu ginda, rom masTan erTad
gaiaro gza, romelsac igi Tavisi yvavilebis seriiT gadis,
unda SeZloda ganicado is Zrwola, romelsac atarebda mxat-
vari imis gamo, rac mis sxeulSi xdeboda – nela, zogjer Se-
umCnevlad, zogjer boboqrad, magram yvela SemTxvevaSi ul-
mobeli TanamimdevrobiTa da mizandasaxulebiT. unda SeZlo
da Sens sxeulSi aRmoaCino is wertilebi, romlebic TiTqos-
da Sengan damoukideblad inaxaven ambavs garduvali daSore-
bisa da garduvali Sexvedris Sesaxeb. es Sexvedra TiTqos
ukve aqvea, xelSesaxebad, nivTierad, mTeli Tavisi zRvruli
namdvilobiT.
Semoqmedeba sxva araferia, Tu ara mistikuri qorwineba
ferTan, bgerasTan, sityvasTan, Tu ara mitoveba im kavSire-
bisa, romelic TavisTavad mogeca maSin, rodesac yofiere-
352
baSi igrZeni Tavi, da axali kavSirebis mopoveba. adamiani xom
swored Zveli kavSirebis mitovebis unaris gamoa adamiani, ne-
bismieri sxva arsebisagan gansxvavebiT. igi adamiania swored
imitom da imdenad, ramdenadac mTeli Tavisi Zalisxmeva am
axali kavSirebis, am „mistikuri qorwinebis“ mosapoveblad
SeiZleba warmarTos, odesRac gaucxovebul ferTan Tu si-
tyvasTan Tananebelobis mosapoveblad – da amiT Tavisufle-
bac moipovos. sabolood ki am gziT daibrunos is, rac sadRac
da odesRac daukargavs, rogorc gandevnil kosmiur princs,
TavnebobaSi rom moisurva Tavisuflebis mopoveba, Semdeg
uZRebi SviliviT mimoixetiala Tavis mierve Seqmnili usazR-
vrod gaucxovebuli da mtrulad momarTuli samyaro da kvlav
miubrunda Tavisi Semoqmedis wiaRs.
gzadagza ki cTunebaa sakuTari Tavis mignebisa. gzadagza
cTunebaa imisa, rom mosinjo es totaloba da Sens Tavs gada-
eyaro. da swored am dros Cndeba avtoportreti, rogorc Seni
Tavis, rogorc uflis Jestis sicxadesa da uSualobaSi xil-
vis mcdeloba. xetialic xom sxva araferia, Tu ara sakuTari
Tavisken mimarTuli sulis arqeologia da droSi gafantuli
Sexvedrebi sakuTar TavTan.
Sexvedris metafizika warmoadgens axal paradigmas mwer-
lobaSi, romelic erTi fraziT – „Sin dabruneba“ – gamoixa-
teba. avtoris mier meditaciebidan meditaciebamde gavlili
gza distanciidan Cans, rogorc gza „Sinisaken“ – cnobierebis
sruliad axali ganzomilebisaken, romelSic „goneba grZno-
badia, xolo grZnoba racionaluri“.
girCevT, rom es distancia moxsnaT da TiToeulma Tqven-
ganmac irakli farjianTan Sexvedris metafizikaSi, avtorTan
da mxatvarTan TanaobaSi, gaiaroT es unikaluri gza „Sinisa-
ken“, sakuTari yudrosaken. gzadagza usaTuod sakuTar Tav-
sac gadaveyrebiT da avtoportretis, rogorc uflis Jesti-
sa da sakuTari Tavis sicxadis, “aq da amJamad” Cveni yofnis
konturebic moixazeba, romelic qselSi dakargulebs TiTq-
mis ukve migvaviwyda da „selfebis“isteriiT Sepyrobilebi,
mxolod vizualurad, lamis parodiebad qceuli formebiT
vcdilobT vaCvenoT samyaros da erTmaneTs, rom varsebobT
da Cvenc aq varT.
353
wignebi 2014-2015
354
Teimuraz doiaSvili, levan bregaZe.
vkiTxulobT klasikas.
Tbilisi: `inteleqti~, 2014
355
politikuri mwerlobis, `komunisturi agiografiis~ msofl-
mxedvelobrivi birTvi, warmoCenilia misi ZiriTadi tenden-
ciebi, „soveturi“ konceptebi, paradigmuli modelebi da
struqtura.
wigni gankuTvnilia studentebis, maswavleblebis, spe-
cialistebisa da qarTuli literaturiT dainteresebul
mkiTxvelTaTvis.
zaza firaliSvili.
irakli farjiani da Sexvedris metafizika.
Tbilisi: „artanuji“, 2015
356
malxaz xarbedia. teqsti da simarTle.
kritika, literaturuli politika, dakvirvebebi.
Tbilisi: `azri~, 2014
357
sarCevi
Tvalsazrisi
gia arganaSvili
naTesavi qarTvelTa............................................................................3
veqtorebi
maia jaliaSvili
absurdi – vanilis motkbo surneliT
irakli samsonaZis piesebis krebulze
`komediidan tragediamde absurdis bileTiT~.......................27
lali avaliani
Varia.......................................................................................................42
nona kupreiSvili
saiT, Sen, mweralo? ...........................................................................53
inga milorava
`sazRvrisiqiTa qalaqebis~ aTinaTebi
(guCa kvaracxelas poeturi krebuli `aTinaTebi~)................61
ada nemsaZe
`buSis quCiT dawyebuli demokratiis~
realuri suraTi.................................................................................70
sofo wulaia
levan beriZis romani `fora~.........................................................83
miranda tyeSelaSvili
dakarguli saqarTvelos ZiebaSi..................................................90
Tamar CixlaZe
interviuebs miRma
danaxuli koletis portreti.....................................................103
358
maka joxaZe
`icxovre sam droSi~
portretebi ojaxur interierSi................................................112
zoia cxadaia
`...es ukidegano sircxvili~...
(daur naWyebias romanis
`Ramis napirebi~ gamo) ....................................................................133
kultura
amiran arabuli
`samzeos gamovesalme~
(yofna-aryofna. saflavis qva
da mwuxarebis sagaloblebi)........................................................144
saba metreveli
TamaSis xelovneba............................................................................178
xelovneba
ana kldiaSvili
`axali figuracia~ da
80-iani wlebis qarTuli mxatvroba...........................................209
lela oCiauri
igavSi dabruneba
uaxlesi qarTuli kinos erTi Zveli
„ganaxlebuli“ tendenciis garSemo..........................................222
Jurnalistika
SamiliSvili
„melodramatuli mediakulturis“
qarTuli paradigmebi.....................................................................238
Memoria
manana kvataia
msoflmxedvelobrivi orientirebis ZiebaSi.........................248
359
maia jaliaSvili
dionisuri tician tabiZis poeziaSi..........................................259
levan bregaZe
erTi metateqstis istoriisaTvis.............................................274
ada nemsaZe
amorZalebis miTi tician tabiZis
mxatvrul prozaSi...........................................................................279
lili metreveli
paradoqsuli Sesityvebani
tician tabiZis SemoqmedebaSi......................................................291
salome boboxiZe
vis eZRvneba
`gaWianurebuli madrigali~? .....................................................296
ESSAY
zaza firaliSvili
teqstis dabadeba.............................................................................301
XX saukunis Teoriuli
azrovnebis istoriidan
Jak lakani
fsiqologia da metafsiqologia...............................................322
gamoxmaureba, recenzia
maia jaliaSvili
cxovrebis wigni scenaze
STabeWdilebebi goderZi Coxelis
moTxrobebis mixedviT Seqmnil
speqtaklze `bedisweris Teatri~..............................................338
sesili Zebniauri
zaza firaliSvili –
irakli farjiani da Sexvedris metafizika............................347
wignebi 2014-2015..................................................................................354
360