Computers & Geosciences Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 399-446, 1993 0098-3004/93 $6.00+ 0.

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Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved Copyright © 1993PergamonPress Ltd

GRAIN2: PREDICTIONS OF PARTICLE SIZE

SEAWARD OF RIVER MOUTHS

J. P. M. SYVITSKI and J. M. ALCOTT

Geological Survey of Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS,
Canada B2Y 4A2

(Received 29 June 1992; accepted 6 October 1992)

Abstract--An ANSI standard FORTRAN-77 numerical model is provided. The model predicts the spatial
and temporal change in seafloor particle size seaward of a river mouth. The model needs the input files
generated by a sister program DELTA2, a 2-D model that simulates the progradation of a river delta and
the resultant fill of one or more marine basins. GRAIN2 tracks four size fractions in the mud-size range:
coarse silt, medium silt, fine silt, and clay. Their spatial distribution is determined using (1) a velocity
distribution developed from a buoyancy-dominated, free, 2-D jet flowing into a highly stratified marine
basin; and (2) a particle-scavenging model that takes into account the biogeochemical affects of settling
of particles in a marine environment (i.e. flocculation). This hemipelagic component is predicted seasonally
(four times a year) based on fluctuations in river velocity and river mouth shape, and on the suspended
load discharged into the sea. Sand deposition is predicted from the seasonal rate of turbidity current
deposition, and from DELTA2. The model is sensitive to changes in river mouth position and thus
sediment supply and sea level fluctuations.

Key Words: Sediment transport simulation, FORTRAN-77 code, Particle scavenging, River deltas.

The temporal variations are affected by fluctuations

INTRODUCTION
Most sediment transported to the marine environment
is through river mouths. At the river mouth, there
is a radical change in hydraulic conditions: outflow
spreading and deceleration, which is influenced by the
density difference between fresh inflowing and saline
basin water, results in rapid deposition of sediment
on the prodelta. Most river water is lighter than the
salty and maybe colder sea water, even when the
contribution from the suspended load is considered.
Being lighter, river water may enter the sea as a
buoyant plume or jet, the character of which depends
on the level of stratification near the river mouth. The
level of stratification is a simple balance between the
buoyancy forces set up by the inflowing freshwater
and processes such as those associated with tidal
action that work to mix freshwater with the denser
and saltier sea water.
G R A I N 2 is a numerical model that can be used to
predict the spatial and temporal change in seafloor
particle size seaward of a river mouth. The spatial
distribution of various grain sizes is determined using:
(1) a velocity distribution developed to simulate a
buoyancy-dominated, free, 2-D jet flowing into a
highly stratified marine basin; (2) a particle-scavenging
model that considers the biogeochemical affects of
settling of particles within a marine environment (i.e.
flocculation); and (3) contributions by sediment grav-
ity flows as predicted from a sister program D E L T A 2
(Syvitski and Daughney, 1992).
in flow characteristics--the circulation factor, and
changes affecting the position of the river m o u t h - -
the distance factor. In the model, the behavior and
distribution of particles discharged from a river
mouth are predicted seasonally (four times a year).
This allows the sediment-water discharge 'rating'
patterns of rivers to be simulated (cf. Syvitski, 1993).
Predictions based on averaged-annual conditions
are not the same as those where seasonal variations,
such as rainy and dry seasons, are considered. At
longer time scales, seafloor grain size will differ with
changes in the river-mouth position. As a river mouth
progrades towards a fixed position within the basin,
the particle size on the seafloor will coarsen. The rate
of that coarsening will depend in part on fluctuations
in the delivery rate of sediment and the rate of delta
front progradation. Conversely, with a rise in sea-
level, the river mouth could migrate landward and,
at the same fixed basin location, seafloor sediment
will become finer. Other factors, including erosional
and slope failure processes near the river mouth, also
will affect the position of the river mouth.
G R A I N 2 needs the input files generated by its
sister program D E L T A 2 (Syvitski and Daughney,
1992), a 2-D model that simulates the progradation
of a river delta and the resultant fill of one or more
marine basins (Syvitski, 1989). D E L T A 2 simulates
four mechanisms that affect the rate and style of
basin-filling: (1) hemipelagic sedimentation of par-
ticles carried seaward by river plumes; (2) delta-front

399
400 J . P . M . SYVITSKIand J. M. ALCOTT
progradation as affected by bedload deposition at the
river mouth; (3) proximal slope bypassing, primarily
by turbidity currents and debris flows; and (4) down-
slope diffusive processes that work to redistribute
previously deposited sediment into deeper water
(Syvitski and Daughney, 1992). Sediment accumula-
tion is predicted spatially from a parabolic partial
differential equation that combines these four depos-
itional mechanisms. The numerical solution employs
a finite difference approximation solved by an explicit
method.
G R A I N 2 uses DELTA2 files that track the ever
changing seafloor bathymetry and thus river mouth
position to calculate the deposition of various particle
sizes in the offshore. Additionally, the sand content
on the seafloor is based on DELTA2 files that track
the initiation, size, runout distance, and accumulation
of sand from sediment gravity flows. Together,
G R A I N and D E L T A provide an opportunity to
examine details of sedimentation events for time
periods less than 105 yr. Sediment-water discharge
conditions, among other parameters, are varied for a
number of user-defined time intervals. The accuracy
of model predictions depends directly on the accuracy
of the initial input parameters and the suitability of
the model assumptions (cf. Syvitski and others, 1988,
for model verification).
Theoretical considerations, the algorithm and
source code of an earlier version of the model,
GRAIN1, are described by Calabrese and Syvitski
(1987). Our objective is to provide readers with a
more numerically robust computer code, written
in ANSI standard FORTRAN-77, that has a
number of advantages over the earlier version. They
include:
(1) More advanced sealevel functions;
(2) More advanced handling of sand deposition by
turbidity currents within irregularly shaped
basins;
(3) More detailed plotting routines generated
from the N C A R / G K S package, rather than
DISPLAY 9.0 used in the earlier GRAIN1
model;
(4) Predictions based on seasonal fluctuations
(rather than annually averaged values) of fiver-
mouth dimensions, river velocity, suspended
sediment load, and bed load.
THEORY
Hemipelagic sedimentation in G R A I N 2 is deter-
mined from the rate that particles settle under a
buoyancy-dominated, free, 2-D jet--suitable for a
river plume flowing into a highly stratified marine
basin. The program requires as input:
*Conventionally January-March, April-June, July-
September, October-December, but program would
work if defined otherwise.
(1) Four seasonally averaged concentrations of
suspended sediment carried by the river, pro-
portioned into four predefined size fractions;*
(2) The first-order removal rate-constant of each
size fraction;
(3) Seasonal velocity of the river flow measured at
the river mouth;
(4) Seasonal dimensions of the hydraulic geometry
of the river mouth; and
(5) The maximum width of the river plume.
Particle-scavenging model
Based on theoretical considerations (Syvitski and
others, 1988), hemipelagic sedimentation is a function
of the initial-grain size distribution and the concen-
tration of suspended sediment particles carried by the
river, and travel time (where to is the time at which
the sediment leaves the river mouth and enters the
basin). It is assumed that sedimentation is the only
way by which particles are removed from the water
column and that the removal rate for a given particle
size is constant through time. It is assumed that
sediment enters a marine basin from a river at some
seasonally averaged initial sediment concentration,
Co, and that this suspended sediment mass subse-
quently undergoes both settling and advection into
the deeper basin waters.
The inventory of suspended particles at the river
mouth, I0, in units of mass per cross-sectional area,
is the initial suspended concentration integrated over
the channel depth h0. If we initially assume a uniform
particle size that has a first-order removal from the
water column as a function of time t, then:
dl/dt = -21 (1)
which can be integrated under the boundary
condition I = I 0 at t = 0, to give,
l ( t ) = I o e -;.t (2)
where )~is a first-order removal rate-constant. For the
situation of a piston or plug flow, t = x / u o , where u0
is the longitudinal plume velocity, x is the distance
along the plume, and Equation (2) becomes:
I ( x ) = I o e --;'' "° . (3)
The removal constant depends on the rate that
suspended sediment particles are scavenged from the
water column, that is as affected by flocculation,
agglomeration, and zooplankton pelletization (Lewis
and Syvitski, 1983) and as affected by advection.
Flocculation is the process that holds particle aggre-
gates together in spite of repulsive electrostatic forces
that are part of the natural chemical makeup of soil
particles. Ions within a saline solution neutralize these
repulsive forces, allowing Van der Waals binding to
occur. Agglomeration operates similarly, through the
action of microflora and bacteria that bind suspended
particles through surface tension and cohesion.
Zooplankton are largely indiscriminate filter feeders
and ingest particles based mostly on size rather than
 Seafloor particle size predictions
composition. Particles are egested in the form of
fecal pellets. Once individual suspended particles
have been joined or packaged together, the speed of
particle settling is enhanced. Mud-sized particles
settle through marine water on the order of days,
even though the depth may be hundreds of meters.
Syvitski and others (1988) determined that a
separate rate constant exists for each particle size.
They determined that 2 was 12.3 day ~ for coarse
silt, 4.7 day ~ for medium silt, 2.7 day ~ for fine silt,
and 2.0 day ~ for clay-sized particles [for details on
arriving at values of 2 readers are referred to Syvitski
and Lewis (1992)]. Thus we may reintroduce 2 as a
variable depending on particle size:
I ( x ) = I o e x~x/,o
where 2d is the first-order removal rate-constant,
for a particle of size d.
Because we assume that suspended sediment is
removed from the system solely by sedimentation
at a rate Z ( x ) , then:
Z ( X ) d = 2dl(X )
and from rearranging Equation (4),
Z ( X ) d = 2dlo e ~;.~,',0),.
At t = 0, the sedimentation rate Z0, of particles of
size d, may be expressed in terms of sediment delivery
by one of the following relationships:
Z o = 2dI o
or after substituting river mouth depth times the
suspended concentration for plume inventory
Zo = 2aho Co
or after substituting the ratio of suspended load Q~,
to river mouth discharge Q0, for suspended sediment
concentration
Z o = .~dhoQsQo I
or after substituting the components of river dis-
charge: fiver mouth depth, width b0, and velocity
Zo = 2dQs(uobo)-1.
Particles of a size d are thus removed from the water
column at a rate Z ( x ) d , defined as:
Z(X)d= Z0e ~,'~01x.
Under plug flow conditions, G R A I N 2 defines the
total hemipelagic sedimentation rate ZT through
Equation (7b) as being equal to the summation of the
individual sedimentation rates, Za, for each size class:
Zr=~Z(t)a=~2dhoCae -~' ford=l...n
where n is the number of size classes defined in the
program (4 at present) and t is time that a particle
of size d takes to reach any position on the seafloor
of the basin. This simple model predicts that the
sedimentation rate under a river plume will decrease
exponentially with increasing distance out from the
401
fiver mouth. However, a river plume issuing into a
marine basin does not behave as a plug flow for any
significant distance and so we must address the 2-D
nature of plume deceleration and spreading.
River p l u m e velocity m o d e l
The velocity distribution of a river plume flowing
into a highly stratified marine basin can be modeled
according to the behavior of a buoyancy-dominated,
free, 2-D jet (cf. Albertson and others, 1950). The
longitudinal and lateral components of the surface
water velocity, are considered to be residual or tidally
averaged values. The velocity distribution within three
dynamic zones of the river plume are considered,
that is zone 1 where the plume is not yet established
(4)
(nearest the fiver mouth) and where the center of the
plume continues to behave as a plug flow, followed
by zone 2 where the established flow decreases as the
plume spreads, and zone 3 where plume spreading is
affected and constrained by the basin boundaries.
Given Equation (9) we solve for the travel time t,
of a given suspended particle, which will depend on
(5)
the spatially changing plume velocity Ux,y, within
these three dynamic zones such that:
(6) Ux,y = Uo e x p [ - (y + 0.1x -- 0.5b0)2(2tr2) -l]
for x ~< 5.2b0, y > b0 - 0.2x
ux,, = Uo( 5.2bo/x ) exp[-y2/(2tr2)]
(7a) for 5.2b0 < x < Xb, y ~< Wp
U~.y = Uo(5.2bo/xb) exp[--y2/(2tr2)]
for x > X b , y <~ Wp (10)
(7b)
where tr = 0.108x is the standard deviation of the
Gaussian velocity distribution across the plume width
Wp, and Xb is the distance to which plume spreading
is affected and constrained by the basin margins,
beyond which the residual plume remains more or
(7c)
less constant. We assume that the plume is a 2-D jet,
thus the conservation of velocity is simply:
c~v/ay = - du / ~ x (11 )
(7d)
where v is the velocity component in the y direction.
If we assume the plume is symmetrical and select
y = 0 along its central axis, then v ( x , y ) = - v ( x ,
- y ) , and the lateral velocity may be determined
(8)
anywhere in the plume. Then with
Ux,y = d x / d t (12)
and using dynamic simulation, the pathway of a
parcel of water can be traced from the river mouth
at a time, t, to any x, y coordinate position within the
(9)
basin. Values of t can be substituted into Equation (9)
to solve for the rate of hemipelagic sedimentation at
any position within the basin.
As particles settle through a deep water column,
lateral diffusion and thus homogenization of sus-
pended sediment concentrations within the water
column result (Syvitski and others, 1988). Thus, in
402 J . P . M . SYVITSK1and J. M. ALCOTT
GRAIN2, we integrate sedimentation rates to the
lateral boundaries of the plume such that:
Z d = (pdWf) -1 .(Zd(x,y)dy (13)
and Zd is the total accumulation rate of sediment
of size fraction d to the seafloor (in units of thickness
per time), Wf is the width of the basin floor. With
Equation (13) we convert sedimentation rates to
sediment accumulation rates with the introduction of
bulk density Pd, values for each of the deposited size
fractions.
Model predictions based on Equation (13) com-
pared favorably with sediment flux data collected
from basins along the coast of Alaska, Norway, and
British Columbia, that differ widely in their sediment
concentrations and discharge conditions (Syvitski
and others, 1988).
In G R A I N 2 we display the temporal and spatial
distribution of the four hemipelagic size fractions as
a percentage of the total hemipelagic sedimentation
rate ZT, as defined in Equation (9). Additionally, the
contribution to the seafloor of a fifth size fraction
(sand) deposited through the action of a sediment
gravity flow B, is obtained from DELTA2. The total
seafloor size distribution is similarly displayed such
that:
1 - Zd= s/(ZT + B)
= [Zd = 1/(ZT + B) + Z d= 2/(ZT + B)
+ Zd=3/(Z T + B) + Za=4/(Z T + B)]. (14)
In examples used in this paper, d = 1 represents clay
particles, d = 2 represents fine silt particles, d = 3
represents medium silt particles, d = 4 represents
coarse silt particles, and d = 5 represents the sand
content of the seafloor.
PROGRAM NOTES AND STRUCTURE
Input files
Six input files are required by GRAIN2, created
and used by the sister program DELTA2 (Syvitski
and Daughney, 1992). The files are: used, floordat,
LVLFILE, LEGDAT, SNDTAB6, and SNDTABT.
Userl is the original input file for DELTA2 (for
a complete description of userl see Syvitski and
Daughney, 1992), from which G R A I N 2 requires:
(1) Basin attributes including length, width, and
floor shape;
(2) Seafloor bulk densities and water column
removal rate constants for each of the particle
sizes;
(3) Seasonally dependent parameters which control
sedimentation (velocity, channel width and
depth, and grain size fractionation concen-
trations);
(4) Distance to the seafloor location at which grain
size characteristics are to be tracked through
time;
(5) Time at which seafloor size characteristics
seaward of the fiver mouth are to be recorded.
The typical userl file consists of several parameter
sets of seasonal values in order to allow for model
changes over time [note: for general sediment load/
yield and runoff data for most of the world's rivers
that have been monitored, readers are referred to
Milliman and Syvitski (1992)].
Floordat is an optional file retrieved from used
when required to produce an irregular basin floor
(i.e. other than linear or parabolic shapes). This file
provides G R A I N 2 with the number of sediment
deposition bins and their length out from the original
river mouth. Bin length is set at 100 m as a default;
if the length of the basin XT is greater than 100 km
then the bin length is XT/1000.
L VLFILE is an output file of DELTA2 and the
record of sealevel (m), time (yr), and the location of
the index bin (bin number) representing the fiver
mouth position. L VLFILE internally is rewound and
read back into G R A I N 2 to obtain the index position
of the river mouth at a given time. This allows
seafloor properties, such as grain size, to be tracked
at a fixed location with respect to the original fiver
mouth, and thus under the influence of prograding
river mouth.
LEGDA T contains variables pertaining to DELTA2
conditions at the user-selected points to be tracked
(i.e. time and location). DELTA2 has been structured
to produce these variables on a seasonal basis. This
input file includes the following information: duration
of the model run (yr), model dimenensions (km),
seasonal track times (yr), and distance (kin) from the
origin specified for tracking the seafloor properties,
and the specific river mouth bin at the track time.
SNDTAB6 and SNDTAB7 are produced by
DELTA2 to provide G R A I N 2 with details about
the quantities of sand accumulation on the seafloor,
along the basin profile for each of the four seasons
at a user-specified time, and during each of the four
seasons at a user specified distance from the model
origin for the duration of the model, respectively.
It is possible to create delta conditions such that
hemipelagic sedimentation does not occur beyond a
certain distance out from the river mouth. A warning
flag has been included to identify this condition.
A restructuring of DELTA2 output is necessary
(Appendix 1) in order to obtain the seasonal version
of G R A I N 2 (Appendix 2). The majority of these
changes are made to the subroutine ITRArE(SEAINT)
and minor changes to the subroutine CLENUP. Out-
put for SNDTAB6 and SNDTAB7 was reconfigured
to produce multidimensional arrays whereby each
column pertains to the data for a season. These data
were recorded previously over four iterations and then
averaged for that period. The results for SNDTAB7
were written previously from CLENUP. This part of the
 Seafloor particle size predictions
model has been moved to subroutine ITRATEin order
to speed up the program by eliminating the need to
pass multidimensional arrays between subroutines.
G R A I N 2 presently is dimensioned to accommodate
input from DELTA2 which has been dimensioned
for a maximum duration of 12,000 yr. Therefore, to
run G R A I N 2 in excess of 12,000 yr, DELTA2 must
first be redimensioned to produce the desired output
and all G R A I N 2 time dependent arrays must be
expanded (cf. Syvitski and Daughney, 1992).
GRAIN2 program
The program code in Appendix 2 contains the
following information:
(1) A list of required input files and their explan-
ations,
(2) A dictionary of 51 variables used in the code,
(3) A list of variables used in plotting tables,
(4) A list of variables obtained from the sister
program DELTA2 and contained in the file
LEGDA T,
(5) The documented code for the main program,
nine main subroutines and three secondary
subroutines. The hierarchy of the subroutine
structure is:
---SEDFLEX ....... I--FLXIN..... I--FNVX
I--FLXOUT.... I--FNVX
---DSTNCE
--PLTBL6
Main program ..........
---DSTNC2
---PLTBL8
---TIMINT .......... I--PLTBL7
---TIMIN2 . . . . . . . . . . t--PLTBL9
SEDFLX calculates the hemipelagic flux of the
four mud-size fractions.
DSTNCE calculates the percentage based on the
mass of each grain size along the basin profile
for a given year.
TIMINT functions similar to that of DSTNCE but
predictions are made for a given location from
the model origin over the duration of the
simulation.
DSTNC2 and TIMIN2 serve the same purposes as
DSTNCE and TIMINT, but take into consideration
the percentage of sand, in addition to the other
four grain sizes.
The subroutines PLTBL6, PLTBL7, PLTBL8, and
PLTBL9 produce plots of the various size frac-
tions against time or distance and as predicted
from the other four subroutines (excluding
SEDFLX) using the N C A R / G K S plot package.
G R A I N 2 operates on a seasonal basis calling
each subroutine four times for each subsequent
iteration using a different set of parameters.
G R A I N 2 presently is configured for use on
a minicomputer (Decsystem 5400) within a
403
U N I X ~ environment (ULTRIX 4.2). Runs
take approximately 1 min for every 2000 yr of
simulation.
Output files
The output file generated by GRAIN2 is D E P O S I T
and consists of ten tables produced by subroutines
DSTNCE, DSTNC2, TIMINT, and TIMIN2, that together
serve as summary files. For each table a graph also
is plotted using the N C A R / G K S package. A partial
listing of the D E P O S I T file given the input file userl
shown in Table 1 is from the data provided in
Table 2. For illustration, a view of the basin shape
and sediment fill history of Itirbilung Fiord, Baffin
Island (Fig. 1), as simulated by DELTA2 and the
userl file of Table 1, is provided.
The first eight tables of D E P O S I T consist of the
distance-dependent grain size composition of the sea-
floor along the axis of the basin, for each of the four
seasons: (1) if deposition was solely from hemipelagic
(river plume) sedimentation (e.g. Tables 2A, 2B, 2D,
2F), and (2) when the deposition includes the impact
of sediment gravity flow events (e.g. Tables 2C, 2E).
These tables and associated plots (Fig. 2), reflect
predictions at the user-specified time interval (2100 yr
after model initiation) of line 7 of user! (cf. Table 1).
The first of two sedimentation periods used in our
example is defined by input parameters provided in
lines 14-34 of used (Table 1). These values reflect
the paleohydraulic conditions of the early Holocene
period and are based on the field studies of Syvitski
and Hein (1991). During that initial period, between
8000 and 5600 yr before present, the hinterland ice
sheet of Baffin Island was rapidly ablating. Bedtoad
was dumped rapidly at the river mouth of the
Itirbilung River that flowed into the head of the
basin, creating over-steepened foreset beds that failed
during the spring and summer seasons. During spring
of the model year 2100, delta front failures created
turbidity currents that transported and deposited
delta front sand between 3.6 and 6 km out from the
river mouth (Fig. 2B). A less extensive sand deposit
was formed during a summertime turbidity current
episode (Fig. 2C). Extensive river plumes during the
spring and summer carried coarse and medium silt
particles many kilometers into the basin (Figs. 2B
and 2C). Only small amounts of very fine-grained
suspended sediment was deposited during the fall
and winter periods (Figs. 2A and 2D).
404 J.P.M. SYVITSKI and J. M. ALCOTT

Table 1. Example of input file to program D E L T A 2 and to G R A I N 2 . These values

define conditions believed to have operated during Holocene period for Itirbilung
Fiord basin o f Baftin Island, North West Territories, Canada (Syvitski and Hein,
1991). Period 8000-5600 yr before present, time of ice sheet ablation within hinter-
land, is defined by first set of parameters (lines 14-34). Period 5600yr to present
is characterized by cool and dry climate and is defined by second set of parameters

*** COMMENT 1
ITIRBILUNG FIORD - SAMPLE CASE
14 EXTENT OF PROFILE (KM) : 0 -- FULL PROFILE 2
590 INITIAL HEIGHT AT MODEL ORIGIN (M) 3
54 DISTANCE FROM ORIGIN TO SILL (KM) 4
2.0 WIDTH OF BASIN BOq'TOM (KM) 5
3 DST. FROM RIVER MOUTH WHERE RATES ARE TRACKED (KM) 6
2100 TIME TO OUTPUT ACCUM. RATES ALONG PROFILE (YRS) 7
5.5 DISTANCE FROM ORIGIN TO TRACK SLOPE (KM) 8
400 DST. FROM BASIN HEAD OVER WHICH TO DUMP BEDLOAD (M) 9
T T=CONTROL BY TIME, D--CONTROL BY DISTANCE 10
I BASIN PROFILE (L=LINEAR, P=PARABOLIC, I=IRREGULAR) 11
3.5 0.1 SLOPE AT WHICH BYPASS STARTS, DEPOSITION ANGLE 12
586 INITIAL DEPTH OF BASIN (M) 13
*** COMMENT 14
0 DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT (SQ.M/YR) 15
2400 YEARS TO RUN MODEL OR KMS TO PROGRADE WITH PARMS 16
400 YEARS OR KILOMETERS BETWEEN PLOTS 17
E LINEAR OR EXPONENTIAL SEA LEVEL CHANGE 1g
-0.009 CONST OR POWR FOR USE IN SEA LEVEL CALCULATIONS 19
0,60,5,0 SEASONAL BEDLOAD (KG/SEC) 20
0.50 FRACTION OF BEDLOAD TO BYPASS 21
30 DISTANCE OVER WHICH TO SPREAD BYPASS (KM) 22
1,170,130,5 : THE FOLLOWING FOUR LINES HOLD INITIAL 23
1,125,115,25 : CONCENTRATION (G/M**3) LEVELS FOR 24
1,100,60,25 : EACH SEASON. 25
1,100,60,15 : EACH LINE DEFINES ONE GRAIN SIZE. 26
14.8,1750 : THESE FOUR LINES ARE FORMAl'FED REMOVAL 27
5.6,1600 : RATE CONSTANT (I/DAY) AND DENSITY 28
3.2,1500 : (KG/M**3). 29
2.4,1400 : EACH LINE DEFINES ONE GRAIN SIZE. 30
0.1,1.3,0.6,0.5 SEASONAL RIVER VELOCITY (M/SEC) 31
20,100,50,10 SEASONAL WIDTH OF RIVER CHANNEL (M) 32
0.1,1.3,1.0,1.0 SEASONAL DEPTH OF RIVER CHANNEL (M) 33
2.0 MAXIMUM WIDTH OF RIVER PLUME (KM) 34
*** COMMENT 14
400 DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT (SQ.M/'YR) 15
5600 YEARS TO RUN MODEL OR KMS TO PROGRADE WITH PARMS 16
400 YEARS OR KILOMETERS BETWEEN PLOTS 17
L LINEAR OR EXPONENTIAL SEA LEVEL CHANGE 18
-0.0018 CONST OR POWR FOR USE IN SEA LEVEL CALCULATIONS 19
0,20,1,0 SEASONAL BEDLOAD (KG/SEC) 20
0.20 FRACTION OF BEDLOAD TO BYPASS 21
30 DISTANCE OVER WHICH TO SPREAD BYPASS (KM) 22
1,70,30,1 : THE FOLLOWING FOUR LINES HOLD INITIAL 23
1,45,25,1 : CONCENTRATION (G/M**3) LEVELS FOR 24
1,30,20,1 : EACH SEASON. 25
1,20,10,1 : EACH LINE DEFINES ONE GRAIN SIZE. 26
14.8,1750 : THESE FOUR LINES ARE FORMA'ITED REMOVAL 27
5.6,1600 : RATE CONSTANT (1/DAY) AND DENSITY 28
3.2,1500 : (KG/M**3). 29
2.4,1400 : EACH LINE DEFINES ONE GRAIN SIZE. 30
0.1,0.6,0.2,0.1 SEASONAL RIVER VELOCITY (M/SEC) 31
1,80,30,10 SEASONAL WIDTH OF RIVER CHANNEL (M) 32
0.1,1.3,1.0,1.0 SEASONAL DEPTH OF RIVER CHANNEL (M) 33
2.0 MAXIMUM WIDTH OF RIVER PLUME (KM) 34
*** COMMENT 14
-400 DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT (SQ.M/YR) 15
 600 SLUMP EVENT

500

SEAFLOOR
400 EROSION
A SEAFLOOR
g
I- 400YEARS ~ ~
-1- 30O
uJ
-r"
20O
ORIGINAL
BASIN SHAPE
100

0 I I I I I I I
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
DISTANCE FROM ORIGINAL RIVER MOUTH (km)
Figure 1. Holocene record of seafloor positions (every 400 yr) in Itirbilung Fiord, Battin Island, given input
parameters as specified in userl (cf. Table 1) and as modeled by DELTA2 program (Syvitski and Daughney,
1992). Two distinctive periods of sediment and water discharge conditions are represented (see text).

Table 2. Portions (not complete listings) of DEPOSIT output profile of program

G R A I N 2 given input userl file shown in Table 1. Four tables (A, B, D, and F) provide
spatial distributions of mud-size fractions along axis o f basin (CS = coarse silt, MS =
medium silt, FS = fine silt, and clay) as percent of total deposition from hemipelagic
deposition [cf. Eq. (13)], and respectively for each of four seasons (winter, spring,
summer, fall) during year (2100) shown in line 7 of userl (cf. Table 1). Turbidites were
generated only during spring and summer seasons, and tables C and E show how seafloor
grain-size properties change as result [cf. Eq. (14)]. Table G shows temporal variation
in grain-size properties as affected by hemipelagic sedimentation, at distance (5.5 km)
from river mouth origin defined in line 8 of userl (Table 1). Table H shows same temporal
variation in grain-size properties, but as affected by both hemipelagic sedimentation and
sediment gravity flow deposition

A. SIZE FRACTIONATION FROM THE RIVER MOUTH AT 2101.0YEARS - WINTER

DISTANCE CS MS FS CLAY
(KM) (%) (%) (%) (%)
0.0 57. 22. 12. 9.
0.5 37. 28. 19. 15.
0.9 12. 32. 30. 26.
1.4 2. 25. 36. 37.
1.8 0. 16. 38. 45.
2.3 0. 9. 37. 54.
2.7 0. 5. 34. 61.
3.2 0. 2. 30. 68.
3.6 0. 1. 26. 73.
4.1 0. 0. 21. 78.
4.6 0. 0. 17. 83.
5.0 0. 0. 14. 86.
etc.

no SIZE FRACTIONATION FROM THE RIVER MOUTH AT 2100.3YEARS - SPRING

DISTANCE CS MS FS CLAY
(KM) (%) (%) (%) (%)
0.0 67. 19. 8. 6.
0.5 66. 19. 9. 7.
0.9 64. 20. 9. 7.
1.4 63. 20. 10. 7.
1.8 61. 21. 10. 8.
2.3 59. 22. 11. 8.
2.7 57. 23. 12. 9.
3.2 54. 24. 12. 10.
3.6 51. 25. 13. 10.
4.1 48. 26. 14. 11.
4.6 45. 27. 15. 12.
5.0 42. 28. 16. 13.
etc. continued overleaf

405
CAGEO 19/3--H
406 J.P.M. SYVITSK1and J. M. ALCOTT

Table 2--continued

C . SIZE FRACTIONATION FROM THE RIVER MOUTH AT 2100.3YEARS - SPRING

DISTANCE CS MS FS C L A Y SND
(KM) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)
3.6 51. 25. 13. 10. 0.
4.1 13. 7. 4. 3. 73.
4.6 14. 9. 5. 4. 68.
5.0 15. 10. 6. 5. 66.
5.5 14. 10. 6. 5. 65.
5.9 36. 30. 18. 15. 0.
etc.

1). SIZE FRACTIONATION FROM THE RIVER MOUTH AT 2100.5YEARS - SUMMER

DISTANCE CS MS FS CLAY
(KM) (%) (%) (%) (%)
0.0 66. 22. 7. 5.
0.5 64. 23. 7. 5.
0.9 61. 25. 8. 6.
1.4 56. 28. 9. 7.
1.8 50. 31. 11. 8.
2.3 44. 34. 12. 10.
2.7 37. 37. 14. 12.
3.2 30. 39. 17. 14.
3.6 24. 41. 19. 16.
4.1 18. 42. 21. 19.
4.6 13. 43. 23. 21.
5.0 9. 42. 25. 24.
e~.

Eo SIZE FRACTIONATION FROM THE RIVER MOUTH AT 2100.5YEARS - SUMMER

DISTANCE CS MS FS C L A Y SND
(KM) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)
3.6 24. 41. 19. 16. 0.
4.1 18. 42. 21. 19. 0.
4.6 13. 43. 23. 21. 0.
5.0 9. 42. 25. 24. 0.
5.5 6. 41. 27. 26. 0.
5.9 1. 8. 6. 6. 79.
6.4 3. 38. 29. 30. 0.
etc.

F. SIZE FRACTIONATION FROM THE RIVER MOUTH AT 2100.8YEARS - FALL

DISTANCE CS MS FS CLAY
(KlVO (%) (%) (%) (%)
0.0 22. 42. 24. 11.
0.5 19. 43. 26. 12.
0.9 14. 44. 29. 14.
1.4 9. 44. 32. 16.
1.8 5. 42. 35. 18.
2.3 2. 39. 38. 21.
2.7 1. 35. 41. 23.
3.2 0. 30. 43. 26.
3.6 0. 26. 45. 29.
4.1 0. 21. 46. 32.
4.6 0. 17. 47. 36.
5.0 0. 14. 47. 39.
etc.
G. SIZE FRACTIONATION AT 5.5 KMFROMORIGIN
TIME CS MS FS CLAY
(YRS) (%) (%) (%) (%)
0. 34. 31. 19. 16.
50. 42. 29. 16. 13.
100. 43. 29. 16. 13.
150. 44. 28. 15. 12.
200. 45. 28. 15. 12.
250. 45. 28. 15. 12.
e~.
7600. 64. 21. 9. 7.
7650. 64. 21. 9. 7.
7700. 64. 21. 9. 6.
7750. 64. 21. 9. 6.
7800. 64. 21. 9. 6.
7850. 64. 21. 9. 6.
 Seafloor particle size predictions 407

Table 2--continued

H. SIZE FRACTIONATION AT 5.5 KM FROM ORIGIN

TIME CS MS FS C L A Y SND2
(YRS) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)
0. 34. 31. 19. 16. 0.
1. 35. 31. 19. 16. O.
51. 42. 29. 16. 13. 0.
101. 33. 21. 12. 10. 24.
151. 34. 21. 12. 9. 24.
201. 36. 22. 12. 10. 20.
251. 36. 22. 12. 9. 21.
e~.
7601. 64. 21. 9. 7. 0.
7651. 64. 21. 9. 7. 0.
7701. 64. 21. 9. 6. 0.
7751. 64. 21. 9. 6. 0.
7801. 50. 16. 7. 5. 23.
7851. 64. 21. 9. 6. 0.

The second sedimentation period between 5600 yr
to the present, is setup to characterize a cool and dry
climate, that is as defined by the second set of lines
14-34 of userl (Table 1). The main hinterland ice
sheet already ablated during this period and seasonal
precipitation was being partly stored throughout the
hinterland as piedmont glaciers (Syvitski and Hein,
1991). With the reduction in river discharge, the
transport of both the suspended load and the bedload
was reduced. Consequently, the transport of coarse
and medium silt particles by the river plume, and
as modeled by GRAIN2, is constrained to the first
5-20 km off the river mouth during the summer and
spring period, respectively (Figs. 3B and 3C). Turbid-
ity currents are no longer generated every spring and
summer period, and those generated are smaller and
less extensive (Figs. 3B and 3C).
The remaining two tables of DEPOSIT record the
time-dependent seafloor grain-size distribution at a
user-defined distance from the model origin, that is
line 8 of userl (Table 1). The predictions are for the
entire model run, that is, the cumulative period
defined by all line 16's within userl. The first of these
two tables (Table 2G) reflects sedimentation solely
from the transport mechanism by the river plume. The
next and final table (2H) includes the contribution and
effect of sediment gravity flow transport coupled with
sediment deposition from hemipelagic sedimentation.
Because the variation in the size of particles deposited
at a given site can be large~:lependent on fluctuations
in the seasonal discharge (cf. Figs. 2 and 3)--and
because our ultimate interest is in the longer term
basin fill history, data given in Tables 2G and 2H
have been calculated on a seasonal basis and then
averaged to produce annual values.
Variation in the texture of seafloor sediments
reflects the long term motion of the sediment point-
source, that is the river mouth. For example, a site
5.5 km from the model origin can be interpreted using
Figure 4B (after Table 2G) as showing:
(1) A period of rapid seafloor coarsening in
response to the rapid progradation of the delta
front during the initial sedimentation period
(0-2400 yr):
(2) A period (2400-4000 yr) of little change in the
seafloor texture as there was no substantive
change in the river mouth position following a
model-generated major failure of the delta
front between the two sedimentation periods
(cf. Fig. 1);
(3) A second period (4000-8000 yr) of seafloor
coarsening in response to renewed river-mouth
progradation.
The same patterns can be interpreted from
Figure 4A, but coupled with the historical frequency
of sediment gravity flow events. For example the
number of sandy turbidites deposited at 5.5 km from
the model origin was greatest between 1500 and
3500 yr into the model run. However, the generation
of turbidites was significantly reduced during second
(cooler and drier) sedimentation period.
SUMMARY
G R A I N 2 predicts the spatial and temporal change
in seafloor particle size fronting a river mouth. The
model needs the input files generated by its sister
program DELTA2 (Syvitski and Daughney, 1992), a
2-D basin fill model that simulates the progradation
of a river delta using multitransport sediment path-
ways. G R A I N 2 tracks four size fractions in the mud-
size range: coarse silt, medium silt, fine silt, and clay.
Their spatial distribution is determined using (1) a
velocity distribution developed from a buoyancy-
dominated, free, 2-D jet flowing into a highly strati-
fied marine basin; and (2) particle-scavenging model
that takes into account the biogeochemical affects
of settling of particles within a marine environment.
This hemipelagic component of the model is predicted
seasonally based on fluctuations in river velocity
and river-mouth shape, and on the suspended load
discharged into the sea. Sand contribution to the
 408 J.P.M. SYVITSKI and J. M. ALCOTT

11 ........................... B
a CS
o MS
SPRING -2101 YR x FS
Qo = 169 ma/s . CLAY
Qs = 84 kg/s • SAND
Ja = 60 kg/s

~o [

40 WINTER-2101 YR
~ ~ Qo" 0.2 ma/s
Qs = 0.0008 kg/s
Je = 0 kg/s
~ 20
g
o ........... ....... i ....................
W
IE

'" C

FALL-2101 YR
/+/ Oo =30 m3(s ~_f f'~ Qo = 5 ma/s
40 ~ / Qs'11k~s /T ~,, Os - 0.35 kg/s

0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
DISTANCE (km)
Figure 2. Seafloor distribution of grain-size fractions (sand, CS = coarse silt, MS = medium silt, FS = fine
silt, and clay), predicted along axis of basin for year (2100) shown in line 7 of user/(cf. Table I), as percent
of total deposition from both hemipelagic sedimentation and sediment gravity flows [cf. Eq. (14)], and
respectively for each of four seasons (A = winter, B = spring, C = summer, D = fall). Also shown on each
figure are seasonal values of suspended load (Qs), bedload ORB),and discharge (Qo) as determined at river
mouth and representative o f input conditions during early Holocene.
 Seafloor particle size predictions 409

100 ,,- . . . . .

A B

6O
WINTER -41 O0 YR
Qo = 0.02 m3/s - JJ .~ Qo = 62.4 m3/s
Qs = 0.000008 kg/s " Jl ---~-- Qs = 10.3 kg/s
40 JB = 0 kg/s

2O

LL
~ O " ' ~ 1 III I I I I I I I I I I I I I I III It I I t [ I L ~1 L I I I I I I I , III t I I [

•~ 1131) ~,~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

o~ ]_ / o cs D
L ~ o MS
/ 7 " × FS
8o r / + CLAY

/ ' SUMMER -41 O0 YR FALL 4 1 0 0 YR

~ k / Qo = 6 m3/s ~-~ ao " 1 reals
~ J/~ es = o.5 k~s ~ ~ Qs" 0.0O04k~s

0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
DISTANCE (kin)

Figure 3. Seafloor distribution of grain-size fractions (sand, CS = coarse silt, MS = medium silt, FS = fine
silt, and clay), predicted along axis of basin for year (4100), as percent of total deposition from both
hemipelagic sedimentation and sediment gravity flows [cf. Eq. (14)], and respectively for each of the
four seasons (A = winter, B = spring, C = summer, D = fall). Discharge levels and sediment input values
(cf. Fig. 2), are representative of input conditions during mid to late Holocene (Table 1).
410 J . P . M . SYVITSKIand J. M. ALCOTT

~oo A

o CS
o MS
x FS
80 + CLAY
SAND

60

40

g 20
9
I--
o
<
I:i:
ii
I-- 0 i i
Z
UJ
~oo B
LU
CO

80

60

0 I l J I t I I I ~ 1 I I I I I I
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
TIME (YEARS)
Figure 4. A--Temporal variation in grain-size properties seafloor as affected by both hemipelagic
sedimentation and sediment gravity flow deposition, at distance (5.5 km) from river-mouth origin defined
in line 8 of userl (Table I); B--temporal variation in grain-size properties as given in A, but as affected
solely by hemipelagic sedimentation.

seafloor is prediced from the seasonal rate of turbid-
ity current deposition, and from DELTA2. Model
simulations are sensitive to changes in river mouth
position, sediment supply and sealevel fluctuations.
The generation of synthetic seismograms remains
our ultimate goal. Because the seafloor texture
and bulk densities are predicted by DELTA2 and
GRAIN2, we have the necessary parameters to
calculate acoustic reflectivities and impedance con-
trasts between sedimentary layers. Future upgrade
plans for G R A I N 2 include advanced simulations
of unsteady sediment gravity flows of both high and
 Seafloor particle size predictions 411

low concentration, and the transport of a multi-
phased system. A 3-D model will be a requirement
Syvitski, J. P. M., Smith, J. N., Calabrese, E. A., and
of any future upgrades.
Acknowledgments--We thank John N. Smith, Bernie
Boudreau, Elizabeth A. Calabrese, and Steve Daughney for
their contribution towards the development of GRAIN2.
Charles Schafer and David Piper are thanked for their
comments on this paper. This manuscript forms Geological
Survey of Canada Contribution No. 18392.
REFERENCES
Albertson, M. L., Dai, Y. B., Jensen, R. A., and Hunter, R.,
1950, Diffusion of submerged jets: American Soc. Civil
Engineers Trans., v. 115, p. 639-697.
Calabrese, E. A., and Syvitski, J. P. M., 1987, Modelling
the growth of a prograding delta: numerics, sensitivity,
program code and users guide: Geol. Survey Canada
Openfile Rept. 1624, 61 p.
Lewis, A. G., and Syvitski, J. P. M. 1983, Interaction of
plankton and suspended sediment in fjords: Sedimentary
Geology, v. 36, no. 1, p. 81 92.
Milliman, J. D., and Syvitski, J. P. M., 1992, Geomorphic/
tectonic control of sediment discharge to the ocean:
the importance of small mountainous rivers: Jour.
Geology, v. 100, p. 525-544.
Syvitski, J. P. M., 1989, Modelling the sedimentary fill of
basins, in Agterberg, F. P., and Bonham-Carter, G. F.,
eds., Statistical Applications in the Earth Sciences: Geol.
Survey Canada Paper 89-9, p. 509-515.
Syvitski, J. P. M., 1993, Fluvial sediments and marine
interactions--a Canadian overview: Canadian Water
Resources Journal, in press.
Syvitski, J. P. M., and Hein, F. J., 1991, Sedimentology of
an Arctic basin: Itirbilung Fiord, Baffin Island, North-
west Territories: Geol. Survey Canada Paper 91-11, 66 p.
Syvitski, J. P. M., and Daughney, S., 1992, DELTA2: delta
progradation and basin filling: Computers & Geosciences,
v. 18, no. 7, p. 839 895.
Syvitski, J. P. M., and Lewis, A. G., 1993, The seasonal
distribution of suspended particles, and their iron and
manganese loading, in a glacial runoff fjord: Geoscience
Canada, v. 19, p. 13-20.
Boudreau, B. P., 1988, Basin sedimentation and the
growth of prograding deltas: Jour. Geophys. Res., C,
v. 93, no. 6, p. 6895-6908.
NOMENCLATURE
b0 = Width of the fiver mouth [L]
B = Accumulation rate of turbidites [L/T]
C d = Concentration of suspended sediment of size fraction
d [M/L 3]
h0 = Depth of the fiver mouth [L]
10 = Inventory of suspended particles at the river mouth
[M/L 2]
l(x)a=Inventory of suspended particles of size d at
longitudinal distance x [M/L 2]
Q0 = Discharge of water at the river mouth [L3/T]
Qs = Suspended load of the issuing fiver plume [M/T]
t = Time IT]
to = Time at t = 0, when the fiver water first exits the
river mouth IT]
u0 = Longitudinal velocity of the river plume at the fiver
mouth [L/T]
Wf = Width of the basin seafloor [L]
Wp~ Maximum width of the river plume [L]
x ~ Distance laterally out from the river mouth [L]
x b = Distance to where the plume spreading is affected
by basin margins [L]
y = Distance longitudinally across the river plume [L]
z 0 = Hemipelagic sedimentation at the river mouth
[M/L~T]
Z ( x b = Sedimentation of particles of size d at longitudinal
distance x out from the river [M/L2T]
z + = Total rate of hemipelagic sedimentation [M/L2T]
Z = Accumulated thickness of sediment deposited from
hemipelagic sedimentation [L/T]
Removal rate of suspended sediment of size d
from the fluvial plume [T i]
Pa = Bulk density values for each of the deposited size
fractions [M/L 3]

APPENDIX 1
The following is a listing of code changes to DELTA2 (Syvitski and Daughney, 1992) required in order to use GRAIN2.
Many changes consist simply of redimensioning variables to seasonal arrays. All further references to inserting or replacing
of common blocks make reference to the blocks below by name.

* V A R I A B L E S F O R C O M M O N BLOCK I T R I N T
REAL SLOPEX,TRACKX, FLOOR(1001),DETIME,DETIM(4)
I N T E G E R TRKPT, BINS, INC
C O M M O N / I T R I N T / S L O P E X , T R A C K X , FLOOR,DETIME,DETIM,
C TRKPT, BINS, INC
SAVE /ITRINT/

* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK CLEAN

INTEGER SEASN,SESON
C O M M O N /CLEAN/ SEASN, S E S O N
S A V E /CLEAN/

* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK PLTT3

I N T E G E R IT3,IT3A, IT3B, I T 3 C , S E A S O N
REAL
X3(1000),YI3(1000),Y23(1000),Y33(1000),Y43(1000),Y53(1000)
REAL Y63(1000),Y63A(1000),Y63B(1000),Y63C(1000)
COMMON /PLTT3/X3,YI3,Y23,Y33,Y43,Y53,Y63,IT3,Y63A, Y63B,Y63C
C IT3A, IT3B, I T 3 C , S E A S O N
S A V E /PLTT3/
412 J.P.M. SYVITSKIand J. M. ALCOTT

* V A R I A B L E S F O R C O M M O N B L O C K PLTT5
I N T E G E R IT5
R E A L X 5 (501), Y I 5 (501) ,Y25 (501) ,Y35 (501), Y45 (501)
REAL Y45A(501),Y45B(501),Y45C(501)
COMMON /PLTT5/X5,YIS,Y25,Y35,Y45,IT5,Y45A, Y45B,Y45C
S A V E / PLTT5 /

* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK GRNUSE

REAL GRNTIM(4),IOFTN(4),IGRNST(4)
I N T E G E R IT6
C O M M O N / G R N U S E / GRNTIM, IGRNST, IOFTN, IT6
SAVE /GRNUSE/

Mainline
-Iine#636 I N T E G E R OLDP, NEWST, SEASNdOIoIe S E A S N
-line #702 replace common blocks ITRINT
-line #707 insert common blocks CLEAN

Subroutine PLTBL3
-line #1220 replace common block ITRINT
-line01225 insertc o m m o n block PLTT3

Subroutine PLTBL5
-line 01473 replace common block PLTT5

Subroutine INIT(SEAINT)
-line01691 replace c o m m o n blocks ITRINT, PLTT3 and PLTT5
-line01740 insert:
DATA IT3,IT3A, IT3B, IT3C /i,i,I,i/
-line #1784 delete:
DETIME = DETIME/TIMCOR
-line01783 insert:
DO8 I=i,4
DETIM(I) = (DETIME + (I/4.0))'4
8 CONTINUE
-line 01794 insert:
* INITIALIZE SEASONAL ARRAYS FOR ITRATE
D O 10 I = I,PTS
Y63(I) = 0.0
Y63A(I) = 0.0
Y63B(I) = 0.0
Y63C(I) = 0.0
i0 CONTINUE
DO 11 I = 1,501
Y45(I) = 0.0
Y45A(I) = 0.0
Y45B(I) = 0.0
Y45C(I) = 0.0
ii CONTINUE

Subroutine I T R A T E ( S E A I N T )
-line 02178 replace common block PLTT5
-line #2195 replace common block GRNUSE
-line02213 replace c o m m o n block ITRINT
-line02218 insertc o m m o n block PLTT3
-line#2243 insertc o m m o n block CLEAN
-line #2256 D A T A NUMPTS, TRKCNT, D E T C N T /I00, -i0, -I0/replace with:
D A T A N U M P T S /100/
-line #2264 insert:
TRKCNT = 0
-line 0 2 4 8 8 DETCNT = DETCNT + 1 replace
with:
DETCNT = 1
-line # 2 4 9 4 IF (TIME .OE. DETIME) T H E N replace
with:
IF ((INC/TZ) .EQ. DETIME) T H E N
-line 02495-6 delete:
D E T I M E = 10.0"'8
DETCNT = 0
- l i n e # 2 5 0 4 IF (DETCNT .EQ. ENDCNT) T H E N replace with:
IF ((DETCNT .EQ. I) .AND. (INC .EQ. DETIM(4))) THEN
 Seafloor particle size predictions 413

-line #2504 insert:

DETIME = 10.0"'8
IGRNST(SEASN) = FIRST
IOFTN(SEASN) = OFTEN
GRNTIM(SEASN) = TIME*TIMCOR
-lines #2540-1 dele~:
Y45(IT5) = (Y25(IT5)/(YI5(IT5)+Y25(IT5))) * 100
WRITE(50,'(FI2.1)')Y45(ITS)
-line #2539 insert:
IF(FLXTRM(I) .EQ. 0 . 0 ) . A N D . ( B Y P A S S ( I ) . E Q . 0.0)) T H E N
Y 4 5 ( I T 5 ) = -95
ELSE
Y45(IT5) = (BYPASS(I)/(BYPASS(I) + FLXTRM(I))) * 100.0
ENDIF
-lines #2549-52 d e ~ :
IGRNST = FIRST
IOFTN = OFTEN
GRNTIM = TIME*TIMCOR
ENDIF
-line #2548 insert:
E L S E I F ( ( D E T C N T .EQ. I ) . A N D . ( I N C .EQ. D E T I M ( 3 ) ) ) T H E N
OFTEN = INT((PTS-FIRST)/NUMPTS)
IT5 = 1
IGRNST(SEASN) = FIRST
IOFTN(SEASN) = OFTEN
GRNTIM(SEASN) = TIME*TIMCOR
D O 1252 I = F I R S T + I , P T S , O F T E N
IF ( ( F L X T R M ( I ) .EQ. 0 . 0 ) . A N D . ( B Y P A S S ( I ) . E Q . 0.0)) T H E N
Y 4 5 A ( I T S ) = -95
ELSE
Y45A(IT5) = (BYPASS(I)/(BYPASS(I) + FLXTRM(I)))*I00.0
ENDIF
IT5 = IT5 + 1
1252 CONTINUE
E L S E I F ( ( D E T C N T .EQ. i) .AND. (INC .EQ. D E T I M ( 2 ) ) T H E N
OFTEN = INT((PTS-FIRST)/NUMPTS)
IT5 = 1
IGRNST(SEASN) = FIRST
IOFTN(SEASN) = OFTEN
GRNTIM(SEASN) = TIME*TIMCOR
DO 1254 I = FIRST+I,PTS,OFTEN
IF ( ( F L X T R M ( I ) .EQ. 0 . 0 ) . A N D . ( B Y P A S S ( I ) . E Q . 0.0)) T H E N
Y 4 5 B ( I T 5 ) = -95
ELSE
Y45B(IT5) = (BYPASS(I)/(BYPASS(I)+FLXTRM(I)))*I00.0
ENDIF
IT5 = IT5 + 1
1254 CONTINUE
E L S E I F ( ( D E T C N T .EQ. i) .AND. (INC .EQ. D E T I M ( 1 ) ) ) T H E N
OFTEN = INT((PTS-FIRST)/NUMPTS)
IT5 = 1
IGRNST(SEASN) = FIRST
IOFTN(SEASN) = OFTEN
GRNTIM(SEASN) = TIME*TIMCOR
SESON = SEASN
~DO 1 2 5 6 I = F I R S T + I , P T S , O F T E N
IF ( ( F L X T R M ( I ) .EQ. 0 . 0 ) . A N D . ( B Y P A S S ( I ) . E Q . 0.0)) T H E N
Y45C(IT5) = -95
ELSE
Y45C(IT5) = (BYPASS(I)/(BYPASS(I) + FLXTRM(I)))*I00.0
ENDIF
IT5 = IT5 + 1
1256 CONTINUE
ENDIF
IF (INC .EQ. ( D E T I M ( 4 ) + I ) ) T H E N
IF ( S E S O N .EQ. i) T H E N
DO 1260 I = 1,IT5
WRITE(50,*)Y45A(I),Y45B(I),Y45C(I),Y45(I)
1260 CONTINUE
E L S E I F ( S E S O N .EQ. 2) T H E N
D O 1 2 6 1 I = 1, IT5
WRITE(50,*)Y45(1),Y45A(I),Y45B(I),Y45C(I)
414 J.P.M. SYvrrsKi and J. M. ALCOTT

1261 CONTINUE
E L S E I F (SESON .EQ. 3) T H E N
D O 1262 I = 1,IT5
WRITE(50,*)Y45C(1),Y45(I),Y45A(I),Y45B(I)
1262 CONTINUE
ELSE
D O 1263 I = 1,IT5
WRITE(50,*)Y45(I),Y45C(I),Y45B(I),Y45A(I)
1263 CONTINUE
ENDIF
ENDIF
-fine #2641 dele~:
TRKCNT = 0
-line # 2 6 4 9 IF (TRKCNT .EQ. ENDCNT) T H E N replace v~th:
IF (TRKCNT.EQ. 5) T H E N
-fine#2650-lde~:
DG2RAD = 3.141592654/180.0
TRKCNT = -I0
-line #2650 inse.:
ENDIF
-line #2655 insert:
IF (TRKPRP) T H E N
IF (TRKPT .GT. START) T H E N
IF (TRKCNT .EQ. 4) T H E N
DG2RAD = 3.141592654/180.0
-fine #2680 d e ~ :
IF(TRKPT .GT. START) THEN
-line #2690 inset:
IF (TRKCNT .EQ. 4) T H E N
-line #2693 de~te:
ENDIF
-line #2692 inset:
IF (OUTSED .EQ. -95) G O T O 77
IF ( ( F L X T R M ( T R K P T ) . E Q . 0.0).AND.(BYPASS(TRKPT).EQ.0.0))THEN
77 Y63(IT3) = -95
ELSE
Y63(IT3)=(BYPASS(TRKPT)/(BYPASS(TRKPT)+FLXTRM(TRKPT)))*I00
ENDIF
IT3 = IT3 + 1
E L S E I F (TRKCNT .EQ. 3 ) T H E N
IF (OUTSED .EQ. -95) G O T O 88
IF ( ( F L X T R M ( T R K P T ) . E Q . 0.0).AND.(BYPASS(TRKPT).EQ.0.0))THEN
88 Y 6 3 A ( I T 3 A ) = -95
ELSE
Y63A(IT3A)=(BYPASS(TRKPT)/(BYPASS(TRKPT)+FLXTRM(TRKPT)))*I00
ENDIF
IT3A = IT3A + 1
E L S E I F (TRKCNT .EQ. 2 ) T H E N
IF (OUTSED .EQ. -95) G O T O 66
IF ( ( F L X T R M ( T R K P T ) . E Q . 0 . 0 ) . A N D . ( B Y P A S S ( T R K P T ) . E Q . 0 . 0 ) ) T H E N
66 Y 6 3 B ( I T 3 B ) = -95
ELSE
Y63B(IT3B)=(BYPASS(TRKPT)/(BYPASS(TRKPT)+FLXTRM(TRKPT)))*I00
ENDIF
IT3B = IT3B ÷ 1
E L S E I F (TRKCNT .EQ. 1)THEN
IF (IT3C .EQ. i) S E A S O N = S E A S N - I
IF (OUTSED .EQ. -95) G O T O 55
IF ((FLXTRM(TRKPT).EQ. 0.0).AND.(BYPASS(TRKPT).EQ.0.0))THEN
55 Y 6 3 C ( I T 3 C ) = -95
ELSE
Y63C(IT3C)=(BYPASS(TRKPT)/(BYPASS(TRKPT)+FLXTRM(TRKPT)))*100
ENDIF
IT3C = IT3C + 1
ENDIF
ENDIF

Subroutine BYPAS
-line #2865 inset:
IF (QBYPAS .EQ. 0) T H E N
D O 99 I = I,PTS
BYPASS(I) = 0.0
 Seafloor particle size predictions 415

99 CONTINUE
ENDIF
-line #2887 insert:
IF (QBYPAS .EQ. 0) T H E N
D O 199 I = I,PTS
BYPASS(I) = 0.0
199 CONTINUE
ENDIF

Subroutine SETST
-line #3287 replace common block ITRINT

Subroutine CLENUP
-line #3516 replace common block GRNUSE
-line#3521 replace c o m m o n block PLTT3
-line#3532 replace c o m m o n block ITRINT
-line #3559 insert:
* O U T P U T T U R B I D I T E S A N D VALUES TO SNDTAB7
DO ii I =1,IT3
IF (Y63(IT3) .GT. 100) Y63(IT3)=I00
II CONTINUE
DO 22 I =1,IT3
IF (Y63A(IT3) .GT. i00) Y63A(IT3)=I00
22 CONTINUE
D O 33 I =1,IT3
IF (Y63B(IT3) .GT. I00) Y63B(IT3)=I00
33 CONTINUE
D O 44 I =1,IT3
IF (Y63C(IT3) .GT. I00) Y63C(IT3)=I00
44 CONTINUE
IF (SEASON .EQ. i) T H E N
D O 1 I = 1, IT3
W R I T E (60, *)Y63C (1) ,Y63B(I) ,Y63A(I) ,Y63 (I)
1 CONTINUE
E L S E I F (SEASON .EQ. 2) T H E N
D O 2 I = 1,IT3
W R I T E (60, *) Y63 (I), Y63C (I Y63B(I) ,Y63A(I)
2 CONTINUE
E L S E I F (SEASON .EQ. 3) T H E N
D O 3 I = 1,IT3
W R I T E ( 6 0 , * ) Y 6 3 A ( I ) , Y 6 3 ( I ) Y63C(I),Y63B(I)
3 CONTINUE
ELSE
D O 4 I = 1,IT3
W R I T E (60, *)Y63B (1) ,Y63A(I) ,Y63 (I) ,Y63C (I)
4 CONTINUE
-lines#3709- I0 delete:
Y63(IT3) = ( Y 4 3 ( I T 3 ) / ( Y 3 3 ( I T 3 ) + Y 4 3 ( I T 3 ) ) ) * I 0 0
WRITE(60,'(FI2.1)')Y63(IT3)
-lines #3733-5 delete:
WRITE(40,'(2(F8.1),F7.I,F8.1,5(14),2(F8.1))')
C S Y E A R , S L E N G T , S D E T I M , STRAKX, IGRNST, IOFTN, IT6,
C INT(TRKOFT),IT3,X3(1),GRNTIM
-line #3732 insert:
WRITE(40,*)SYEAR
WRITE(40,*)SLENGT
WRITE(40,*)DETIM(1)/4,DETIM(2)/4,DETIM(3)/4,DETIM(4)/4
WRITE(40,*)STRAKX
WRITE(40,*)IGRNST(1),IGRNST(2),IGRNST(3),IGRNST(4)
WRITE(40,*)IOFTN(1),IOFTN(2),IOFTN(3),IOFTN(4)
WRITE(40,*)IT6
WRITE(40,*)INT(TRKOFN(4))
WRITE(40,*)IT3
WRITE(40,*)X3(1)
WRITE(40,*)GRNTIM(1),GRNTIM(2),GRNTIM(3),GRNTIM(4)

Line numbers take into account text insertions and deletions provided one follows the operational sequence outlined next.
Line insertions are to be made immediately following the line reference. Deletions and replacements refer to exact line
numbers.
 416 J . P . M . SYVITSKI and J. M. ALCOTT

APPENDIX 2
GRAIN2 Program Listing

PROGRAM GRAIN2
* note:
* Flux rates are calculated based on the values from the first
* parameter set in the input file userl to GRAIN2. Where
* parameters are changed over specified time intervals, output of
* GRAIN2 should be set to make predictions that fall within the time frame
* specified by the first parameter set, i.e. line 7 of userl should be
* less than line 16 of userl. Subsequent parameter sets are ignored.
* Especially important are the parameters river mouth velocity,
* channel width and depth, removal rate constants, bedload, and
* suspended concentration data.

* VERSION 1.0: E.A. CALABRESE - JANUARY 1987

* VERSION 2.0: S. DAUGHNEY - AUGUST 1991

* VERSION 3.0: J.M. ALCOTT - APRIL 1992

* AUTHORS: J.P.M. SYVITSKI, E.A. CALABRESE, S. DAUGHNEY,

* J.M. ALCOTT A N D C. P A R V A T I
* ATLANTIC GEOSCIENCE CENTRE
* GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA
* BOX 1006, DARTMOUTH, N.S.
* CAN. B2Y 4A2

* BACKGROUND
* GRAIN MODELS THE DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENT IN A TWO DIMENSIONAL PLUME
* WHICH SPREADS AFTER ENTERING A STRATIFIED BASIN TO SOME
* MAXIMUM WIDTH DETERMINED BY THE WIDTH OF THE BASIN.
* GRAIN SIZES ARE DEPOSITED SEPARATELY.
* THE PROGRAM COMPUTES THE PROPORTION OF THE DEPOSIT MADE UP
* OF EACH GRAIN SIZE AS A FUNTION OF DISTANCE FROM
* THE RIVER MOUTH. ALSO USING OUTPUT FROM THE MODEL, DELTA2,
* COMPUTES GRAIN SIZE FRACTIONATION AT A PARTICULAR POINT IN THE
* BASIN AS A FUNCTION OF TIME.

FILES
userl -- PROVIDES THE PARAMETERS REQUIRED TO RUN THE MODEL.

LVLFILE -- OUTPUT FROM DELTA, A LIST OF TIMES AT WHICH THE

MODEL WAS PROGRADED

DEPOSIT -- OUTPUT FROM GRAIN, GRAIN SIZE FRACTIONATION AS A

FUNCTION OF DISTANCE AND TIME

LEGDAT -- FILE CONTAINING VARIABLES FOR PLOT LEGENDS

SNDTAB6 -- FILE CONTAINING % SAND DEPOSITED FOR TABLE 6

SNDTAB7 -- FILE CONTAINING % SAND DEPOSITED FOR TABLE 7

* VARIABLES

* BINS -- NUMBER OF COLLECTION BINS ALONG THE LENGTH OF THE

* DELTA (PTS-I)
 Seafloor particle size predictions 417

CHANNL -- CHANNEL WIDTH. WIDTH OF THE RIVER MOUTH IN METRES.

CNTN -- CONCENTRATION. A VECTOR CONTAINING THE CONCENTRATION
OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT AT THE RIVER MOUTH. BROKEN DOWN BY
GRAIN SIZE

DAY2SC -- NUMBER OF SECONDS IN A DAY

DEPTH -- DEPTH OF CHANNEL AT RIVER MOUTH
DESCRIB -- TITLE FOR THE TRIAL/TRIAL DESCRIPTION
DG2RAD -- FACTOR TO CONVERT DEGREES TO RADIANS (PI/180)
DSTINC -- UNSCALED DISTANCE BETWEEN COLLECTION POINTS (METRES)

E -- 2.71828182846...

FLX -- VECTOR STORING THE AVERAGE SUSPENDED SEDIMENT PER YEAR

AT EACH COLLECTION POINT ALONG THE PROFILE

GRAINS -- NUMBER OF GRAIN SIZE FRACTIONS BEING CONSIDERED

HOLD -- STRAKX OR SDETIM CONVERTED TO A CHARACTER VARIABLE

I ---- USED AS AN INDEX

I0 -- MASS OF SEDIMENT IN A COLUMN OF WATER AT THE RIVER MOUTH

J -- USED AS AN INDEX

K -- POWER OF E IN CALCULATING THE X-COMPONENT OF VELOCITY

LENGTH -- DISTANCE FROM MODEL ORIGIN TO SILL. READ IN IN KM.

CONVERTED IMMEDIATELY TO METRES.
LMDA -- (LAMDA) REMOVAL RATE CONSTANT FOR HEMIPELAGIC RAIN
READ IN UNITS 1/DAY. CONVERTED IMMEDIATELY TO I/SEC

MASS -- MASS OF SEDIMENT DEPOSITED (AN ACCUMULATOR)

PLUME -- FINAL WIDTH OF RIVER PLUME (WHEN NO LONGER SPREADING)

PNTFLX -- VECTOR OF COLLECTION POINTS IN A CROSS-SECTION OF
THE DELTA PERPENDICULAR TO BASIN WALLS. USED IN CALCULATING
SUSPENDED SEDIMENT DEPOSITION RATE
PORTN -- A VECTOR WHICH STORES THE PROPORTION OF THE SEDIMENT IN
EACH GRAIN SIZE
PTS -- NUMBER OF POINTS AT WHICH SEDIMENTATION IS BEING CALCULATED
PTSACC -- THE NUMBER OF COLLECTION POINTS IN A CROSS-SECTION
FROM THE ORIGIN

QSDOWN -- AMOUNT OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT DEPOSITED

ROW -- AN INDEX (A R O W OF POINTS FORMS A CROSS-SECTION)

T -- (TIME) A VECTOR USED FOR ACCUMULATING THE TIME REQUIRED

FOR EACH COLUMN OF WATER TO REACH THE CURRENT DISTANCE
FROM THE BASIN HEAD. USED TO CALCULATE FLUX
TIMNEW -- (NEW TIME) TIME OF PROGRADATION NEWLY READ FROM LVLFILE
TIMNXT -- (NEXT TIME) THE NEXT TIME (IN YEARS) AT WHICH TO
CALCULATE PROGRADATION RATE
TIMOLD -- (OLD TIME) THE LAST TIME READ FROM LVLFILE
TINC -- TIME REQUIRED FOR A COLUMN OF WATER TO ADVANCE ACROSS
ONE SQUARE IN THE GRID
TITLE -- THE TITLE ASSIGNED TO A PARTICULAR GRAPH
TOFT -- TIME (IN YEARS) BETWEEN CALCULATION OF PROGRADATION RATES
TOL -- (TOLERANCE) USED TO ALLOW FOR ROUND-OFF ERROR
TRACKX -- PERIODICALLY THE SLOPE AND ACCUMULATION RATES
A GIVEN DISTANCE FROM THE ORIGIN ARE RECORDED.
THIS DISTANCE IS TRACKX.
TRKPNT -- INDEX OF THE COLLECTION POINT THAT REPRESENTS TRACKX
 418 J.P.M. SYVITSKI a n d J. M. ALCOTT

* V0 -- VELOCITY OF RIVER WATER AT RIVER MOUTH (M/SEC)

* VX -- VECTOR, X-COMPONENTS OF VELOCITY AT THE COLLECTION PTS
IN THE CROSS-SECTION PERPENDICULAR TO BASIN WALLS.
USED IN COMPUTING HEMIPELAGIC FLUX
* VXBACK -- THE X-COMPONENT OF VELOCITY ONE SQUARE CLOSER TO THE
RIVER MOUTH AND HALF A SQUARE FARTHER FROM THE CENTRE
OF THE PLUME THAN THE CURRENT POINT.
* VXFRD -- THE X-COMPONENT OF VELOCITY ONE SQUARE FARTHER FROM THE
RIVER MOUTH AND HALF A SQUARE FARTHER FROM THE CENTRE
OF THE PLUME THAN THE CURRENT POINT.
* VY -- Y-COMPONENT (LATERAL COMPONENT) OF VELOCITY IN THE RIVER PLUME
* VYINC -- INCREASE IN THE Y-COMPONENT OF VELOCITY AS WE MOVE OUTWARD
ONE SQUARE FROM THE CENTRE OF THE RIVER PLUME.

* X -- VECTOR CONTAINING THE DISTANCE OF EACH OF THE COLLECTION

POINTS FROM THE RIVER MOUTH. USED IN PLOTTING
* X0 -- THE DISTANCE FROM THE RIVER MOUTH WHERE PLUME DYNAMICS
CHANGE FROM ZONE OF ESTABLISHMENT TO ZONE OF ESTABLISHED
FLOW
* XB -- DISTANCE FROM RIVER MOUTH WHERE PLUME ACHIEVES
* MAXIMUM WIDTH
* XBACK -- X-COORDINATE OF THE POINT IN THE GRID ONE SQUARE CLOSER
*
TO THE RIVER MOUTH THAN CURRENT POINT
* XBPNT -- THE INDEX OF THE COLLECTION POINT THAT REPRESENTS THE
THE POINT IN THE DELTA WHERE THE PLUME REACHES MAXIMUM
WIDTH
* XFRD -- X-COORDINATE OF THE POINT IN THE GRID ONE SQUARE FARTHER
* FROM THE RIVER MOUTH THAN CURRENT POINT
* XMAX -- MAXIMUM VALUE ON THE GRAPHICAL X-AXIS
* XPOS -- X POSITION ON THE GRAPH CORRESPONDING TO THE LEGEND
* XPOSTN -- DISTANCE FROM THE RIVER MOUTH TO CURRENT POSITION
(X P O S I T I O N ) . GIVEN IN METRES.

* Y -- VECTOR OF POINTS REPRESENTING LATERAL POSITION IN THE RIVER.

* USED IN CALCULATING HEMIPELAGIC FLUX.

VARIABLES USED IN PLOTTING TABLES

TABLE 6, 8, i0, 12
X6 (501) , YI6 (501) , Y2 6(501) ,Y36(501),Y46(501),K6
TABLE 7, 9, ii, 1 3
X8(501),YI8(501),Y2 8 (501),Y38(501),Y48(501),Y58 (501),K8
TABLE 14
X7(1001),YI7A(1001) ,Y27A(1001),Y37A(1001),Y47A(1001),K7
TABLE 15
X9 (1001), YIgA(1001), Y29A(1001), Y39A(1001), Y49A(1001), Y59A (1001) ,K9

VARIABLES USED TO STORE SEASONAL VALUES FOR TABLES 14 & 1 5

TABLE 14 - SEASONAL VALUES
X7(1001),Y17B(1001,4),Y27B(1001,4),Y37B(1001,4),Y47B(1001,4),K7
TABLE 15 - SEASONAL VALUES
X9(1001),Y19B(1001,4),Y29B(1001,4),Y39B(1001,4),Y49B(1001,4),Y59B(1001,4),K9

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ~ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

* VARIABLES OBTAINED FROM DELTA

* SYEAR -- SAVED YEARS, THE NUMBER OF YEARS THE MODEL IS TO BE RUN
* SLENGT -- SAVED LENGTH
* SDETIM(4) -- SAVED SEASONAL VALUES OF DETIM(4) FROM DELTA
* STRAKX -- SAVED TRACKX
* IGRNST(4) -- SEASONAL VALUES OF THE POINT THAT REPRESENTS RIVER MOUTH
* AT TIME AT WHICH ACCUMULATION RATES ARE PRINTED
* IOFTN(4) -- SAVED SEASONAL VALUES OF OFTEN, FOR PRINTING ACCUMULATION
 Seafloor particle size predictions 419

DETAILS
IT6 -- N U M B E R O F P O I N T S IN S N D T A B 6
TRKOFT -- I N T E R V A L B E T W E E N S T O R E D D A T A S E T S (IN Y E A R S )
IT3 -- N U M B E R O F P O I N T S IN S N D T A B 7
X 3 (i) -- T I M E O F F I R S T D A T A P O I N T
G R N T IM (4 ) -- S E A S O N A L T I M E S A T W H I C H A C C U M U L A T I O N RATES ARE PRINTED

LOGICAL TITLER, SND6ER, SND7ER

INTEGER I,PTS, ITCNT
REAL LENGTH, SOUTM(4),TIMOL(4),Y56A(501,4),Y57A(1001,4)
REAL MARKER, DETIME,YEAR, TYEAR
CHARACTER FLRGEO
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK PLTT6
INTEGER K6
REAL X6(501),YI6(501),Y26(501),Y36(501),Y46(501),
C Y 5 6 (501)
C O M M O N / P L T T 6 / X 6 , YI6, Y 2 6 , Y36, Y 4 6 , Y56, K 6
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK PLTT7
I N T E G E R K7
REAL Y57(I001)
REAL Y17A(1001),Y27A(1001),Y37A(1001),Y47A(1001),X7B(1001)
COMMON/PLTT7/X7B, YI7A, Y27A, Y37A, Y47A, K7,Y57
SAVE /PLTT7/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK PLTT8
I N T E G E R K8
REAL X8(501),Y18(501),Y28(501),Y38(501),Y48(501),
C Y58(501)
COMMON/PLTT8/X8,Y18,Y28,Y38,Y48,Y58,K8
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK PLTT9
INTEGER K9
REAL YI9A(1001),Y29A(1001),Y39A(1001),Y49A(1001),X9B(1001)
REAL Y59A(1001)
COMMON/PLTT9/X9B,YI9A, Y29A, Y39A, Y49A, Y59A, K9
SAVE /PLTT9/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK MATRIX
INTEGER GRAINS
REAL DSTINC,FLX(1001,4)
CHARACTER DESCRIB*50
COMMON /MATRIX/ FLX, GRAINS,DSTINC,DESCRIB
SAVE /MATRIX/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK PLT
REAL XT(1001)
COMMON /PLT/ XT
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK HDGBLK
REAL SYEAR, SLENGT,SDETIM(4),STRAKX, SOUTIM, GRNTIM(4),GRTIME
INTEGER IGRNST(4),IOFTN(4),IT6, I T K O F T , IT7
REAL TRACKX
COMMON/HDGBLK/ SYEAR, SLENGT, SDETIM, STRAKX, SOUTIM, GRNTIM,
C IGRNST, IOFTN, IT6,IT7,ITKOFT,GRTIME, TRACKX
SAVE /HDGBLK/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK TIM
R E A L T I M N X T , T I M O L D , T I M N X (4) , T I M O L 2 , T I M N X 2 (4) , T I M N T 2
COMMON /TIM/ TIMNXT, TIMOLD, TIMNX, TIMOL2, TIMNX2, TIMNT2
SAVE /TIM/
*VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK /DST/
REAL IGRSTR, IOFT
COMMON /DST/ IGRSTR, IOFT
SAVE /DST/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK SEASON
REAL DAY2SC,CNTN(4),DEPTH,XB,PLUME
REAL CONC(4,4),VEL(4),CHN(4),DPT(4)
COMMON /SEASON/ DAY2SC,CNTN, DEPTH,XB,PLUME,CONC,VEL, CHN,DPT
SAVE /SEASON/
 420 J.P.M. SYVITSKIand J. M. ALCOTT

* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK FINDVX

REAL CHANNL, V0
COMMON /FINDVX/ CHANNL,V0
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK TIME
INTEGER SEASN
COMMON /TIME/ SEASN
SAVE /TIME/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK SED
REAL T(201),Y(201),VX(201),VY(201),LMDA(4),I0(4)
C O M M O N / S E D / T , Y , VX, V Y , L M D A , I0
SAVE /SED/

DATA GRAINS, PTS,BINS,TINC, ITCNT /4,1001, i000,50,0/

OPEN(10,FILE-'DEPOSIT',STATUS-'NEW')
OPEN(II,FILE--'userI',STATUS--'OLD')
OPEN(12,FILE-'floordat',STATUS-'OLD')
OPEN(13,FILE-'LVLFILE',STATUS-'OLD')
OPEN(15,F~LE-'LEGDAT',STATUS-'OLD')
OPEN(20,FILE-'SNDTAB6",STATUSm'OLD ')
OPEN(30,FILE='SNDTAB7',STATUS-'OLD')
C OPEN(33,FILE='CHECK',STATUS='NEW')

TYEAR = 0
* READ PAST FIRST TWO RECORDS IN USER TO COLLECT LENGTH AND
* HENCE COMPUTE DSTINC
READ(II,*,END=9900,ERR--9901)
READ(II," (A)',END--9900,ERR--9901) DESCRIB
* DISCARD ALL EXTRA ' " TRAILING RUN DESCRIPTION
* KPOS IS A TEMPORARY VARIABLE WITH DEFAULT INTEGER DECLARATION
* WHICH DEFINES THE POSITION WITHIN CHARACTER STRING 'DESCRIB'
DO 5 KPOS=50,1,-I
IF (DESCRIB(KPOS:KPOS) .NE. ' ") T H E N
DESCRIB = DESCRIB(I:KPOS) //'$'
G O T O i0
ENDIF
5 CONTINUE
i0 READ(II,*,END--9900,ERR--9901)
R E A D (ii, *, END--9900, E R R - 9 9 0 1 )
R E A D (Ii, *, END--9900, ERR--9901) L E N G T H
* READ PAST UNDESIRED FIELDS
D O 1 5 I--1,2
R E A D (ii, *, END--9900, ERR--9901)
15 CONTINUE
R E A D (ii, *, END--9900, ERR--9901) D E T I M E
MARKER w DETIME
R E A D (Ii, *, END--9900, ERR--9901) T R A C K X
R E A D (11, *, END--9900, ERR--9901)
R E A D (11, ' (A) ' , END--9900, E R R - 9 9 0 1 )
R E A D (Ii," (A) ' , E N D - - 9 9 0 0 , E R R - - 9 9 0 1 ) F L R G E O

IF ( F L R G E O .EQ. "I') T H E N
R E A D (12, *, END--9900, E R R - 9 9 0 1 )
R E A D (12, *, E N D - 9 9 0 0 , E R R - - 9 9 0 i) PTS
B I N S -- P T S - 1
ENDIF

DSTINC -- L E N G T H * 1 0 0 0 . 0 / ( 1 . 0 * (PTS-I))
TITLER -- . F A L S E .
SND6ER - .FALSE.
S N D 7 E R -- . F A L S E .
* INITIALIZE TABLE 6,7,8,9 VECTORS
DO 20 I - 1,501
Y16(I) - 0.0
Y26(I) - 0.0
Y36(I) - 0.0
Y46(I) - 0.0
 Seafloor particle size predictions 421

Y 5 6 I) = 0 . 0
Y I 8 I) - 0 . 0
Y 2 8 I) - 0 . 0
Y 3 8 I) = 0 . 0
Y 4 8 I) = 0 . 0
Y 5 8 I) = 0 . 0
20 CONTINUE
DO 25 I = I,PTS
DO 33 J = 1,GRAINS
Y56A(I,J) = 0.0
Y57A(I,J) = 0.0
33 CONTINUE
25 CONTINUE

R E A D (15, *, E N D = 3 0 , E R R = 3 5 ) S Y E A R
R E A D (15, *, E N D " 3 0 , ERR--35) S L E N G T
R E A D (15, *, END--30, E R R - - 3 5 ) S D E T I M (i), S D E T I M (2), S D E T I M (3), S D E T I M (4)
R E A D (15, *, E N D = 3 0 , E R R - - 3 5 ) S T R A K X
R E A D (15, *, E N D = 3 0 , E R R = 3 5 ) I G R N S T (1 ), I G R N S T (2 ), I G R N S T (3), I G R N S T (4)
R E A D ( 15, *, E N D = 3 0 , ERR--35) I O F T N ( 1 ) , I O F T N ( 2 ) , I O F T N ( 3 ) , I O F T N ( 4 )
R E A D (15, *, E N D = 3 0 , E R R = 3 5 ) I T 6
R E A D (15, *, E N D ~ 3 0 , E R R = 3 5 ) I T K O F T
R E A D ( 15, *, E N D ~ 3 0 , E R R = 3 5 ) I T 7
R E A D (15, *, E N D ~ 3 0 , E R R - - 3 5 ) S O U T I M
R E A D (15, *, E N D = 3 0 , E R R - 3 5 ) G R N T I M ( 1 ) , G R N T I M ( 2 ) , G R N T I M ( 3 ) , G R N T I M ( 4 )
GOTO 40
30 WRITE(*,' (''PGM GRAIN -- NO RECORD IN LEGDAT'')')
TITLER = .TRUE.
GOTO 40
35 WRITE(*, ' (''PGM GRAIN -- ERROR READING LEGDAT'')')
TITLER = .TRUE.
40 CONTINUE

R E A D (20, * , E N D = 6 0 , E R R = 6 5 ) (Y56A(I,J),J = 1,4)

DO 50 I= 2,IT6
READ(20,*,END=70,ERR=65) (Y56A(I,J),J = 1,4)
50 CONTINUE
GOTO 70
60 WRITE(*," (''PGM GRAIN -- NO RECORD IN SNDFIL6"')')
SND6ER ~ .TRUE.
GOTO 70
65 WRITE(*," (''PGM GRAIN -- ERROR READING SNDFIL6"')')
SND6ER = .TRUE.
70 CONTINUE

READ(30,*,END~90,ERR=95) (Y57A(I,J),J = 1,4)

DO 80 I= 2,IT7
READ(30,*,END--100,ERR--95) (Y57A(I,J),J -- 1 , 4 )
80 CONTINUE
GOTO 100
90 WRITE(*,' (''PGM GRAIN -- NO RECORD IN SNDFIL7"')')
SND7ER B .TRUE.
GOTO i00
95 WRITE(*," (''PGM GRAIN -- ERROR READING SNDFIL7"')')
SND7ER = .TRUE.
i00 CONTINUE

DO 105 I = 1,4
READ(II,*,END=9900,ERR-9901)
105 CONTINUE
READ(II,*,END=9900,ERR-9901)YEAR
TYEAR = TYEAR + YEAR
IF (MARKER .LE. T Y E A R ) THEN
DO 106 I = 1,6
READ(II,*,END--9900,ERR--9901)
106 CONTINUE

CAGEO19/3--1
 422 J.P.M. SYvn'sKs and J. M. ALCOTT

ELSE
109 DO 107 I -- 1 , 2 0
READ(II,*,END--9900,ERR--9901)
107 CONTINUE
READ(II,*,END--9900,ERR--9901)YEAR
TYEAR = TYEAR + YEAR
I F ( M A R K E R .LE. T Y E A R ) T H E N
DO 108 I = 1,6
READ(I1,*,END--9900,ERR--9901)
108 CONTINUE
ELSE
GOTO 109
ENDIF
ENDIF
DO 115 I-I,GRAINS
READ(ll,*,END--9900,ERR--9901)
C CONC(I,I),CONC(I,2),CONC(I,3),CONC(I,4)
115 CONTINUE
DAY2SC = 3600.0*24.0
DO 120 I=I,GRAINS
READ(II,*,END=9900,ERR=9901)LMDA(I)
LMDA(I) w LMDA(1) / DAY2SC
120 CONTINUE

READ(II,*,END~9900,ERR--9901)VEL(1),VEL(2),VEL(3),VEL(4)
READ(II,*,END=9900,ERR--9901)CHN(1),CHN(2),CHN(3),CHN(4)
READ(lI,*,END~9900,ERR--9901)DPT(1),DPT(2),DPT(3),DPT(4)
READ(II,*,END=9900,ERR--9901)PLUME

CALCULATE SEASONALLY DEPENDENT VARIABLES

DO 125 I = 1,4
TIMOL(1) = (I-i.0)/4.0
TIMNX(I) = TINC+(I-I.0) /4.0
SOUTM(I) = SOUTIM + (I-i)/4.0
TIMNX2(I) = ITKOFT + SOUTM(I)
125 CONTINUE

CALL OPNGKS
SUPPRESS FRAME ADVANCE BETWEEN CALLS TO EZXY
CALL DISPLA (2,0,0)
SETS MAXIMUM TEXT CHARACTERS P E R L I N E T O 50
CALL AGSETI ('LIN/MA.',50)
DEFINE Y-AXIS RANGE FROM 0 TO 100
CALL AGSETF ('Y/MA.',100.0)
CALL AGSETF ('Y/MI.',0.0)
CALL AGSETI ('L/AN/IS.',90)
ESTABLISH FORMAT FOR GRAPH TITLE
CALL AGSETC ('LAB/NA.','T')
CALL AGSETI ('LIN/NU.',200)
CALL AGSETC ('LIN/TE.'," $')
CALL AGSETI ('LIN/NU.' ,300)
CALL AGSETC ('LIN/TE.' ,DESCRIB)

ASSIGN SEASONAL VARIABLES

555 ITCNT = ITCNT + 1
TIMNT2 ~ 0.0
TIMOL2 ~ 0.0
I F ( I T C N T .EQ. 4) T H E N
V0 = VEL(4)
C H A N N L -- C H N ( 4 )
DEPTH m DPT(4)
GRTIME = GRNTIM(4)
T I M O L D -- T I M O L ( 4 )
TIMNXT = TIMNX(4)
IGRSTR = IGRNST(4)
IOFT ~ IOFTN(4)
 Seafloor particle size predictions 423

TIMOL2 -- SOUTM(4)
TIMNT2 -- TIMNX2(4)
DO 1200 I -- I,PTS
Y56(I) -- Y56A(I,4)
Y57(I) -- Y 5 7 A ( I , 4 )
1200 CONTINUE
D O 1 2 0 5 I--i,4
CNTN(I) ~ CONC(I,4)
1205 CONTINUE
SEASN - 4
ELSEIF (ITCNT .EQ. 3) T H E N
V 0 -- V E L ( 3 )
CHANNL -- CHN(3)
DEPTH - DPT(3)
GRTIME - GRNTIM(3)
TIMOLD -- T I M O L (3)
TIMNXT- TIMNX(3)
IGRSTR -- I G R N S T ( 3 )
IOFT = IOFTN(3)
TIMOL2 -- S O U T M ( 3 )
TIMNT2 ffi T I M N X 2 (3)
DO 1300 I E I,PTS
Y56(I) = Y56A(I,3)
Y57(I) E Y57A(I,3)
1300 CONTINUE
D O 1 2 1 0 I--1,4
CNTN(I) = CONC(I,3)
1210 CONTINUE
SEASN = 3
ELSEIF (ITCNT .EQ. 2) T H E N
V0 = VEL(2)
CHANNL - CHN(2)
DEPTH ~ DPT(2)
GRTIME = GRNTIM(2)
TIMOLD = T I M O L (2)
TIMNXT = TIMNX(2)
IGRSTR - I G R N S T (2)
IOFT - IOFTN(2)
TIMOL2 -- SOUTM(2)
TIMNT2 -- T I M N X 2 (2)
DO 1400 I -- I , P T S
Y56(I) -- Y56A(I,2)
Y 5 7 (I) - Y 5 7 A ( I , 2 )
1400 CONTINUE
DO 1215 I-1,4
CNTN(I) -- C O N C ( I , 2 )
1215 CONTINUE
SEASN - 2
ELSE
V 0 -- V E L ( 1 )
CHANNL -- CHN(1)
DEPTH -- DPT(1)
GRTIME - GRNTIM(1)
TIMOLD -- T I M O L (1)
TIMNXT -- TIMNX(1)
IGRSTR -- IGRNST(1)
I O F T -- I O F T N ( 1 )
TIMOL2 -- S O U T M (I)
TIMNT2 -- T I M N X 2 (i)
DO 1500 I - I,PTS
Y56(I) - Y56A(I,I)
Y 5 7 (I) - Y 5 7 A ( I , I )
1500 CONTINUE
DO 1220 I-1,4
CNTN(I) -- C O N C ( I , I )
1220 CONTINUE
424 J.P.M. SYVITSKIand J. M. ALCOTT

SEASN -- 1
ENDIF

* MODEL THE FLUX RATE AT EACH OF THE COLLECTION POINTS.

CALL SEDFLX(PTS)

* COMPUTE AND OUTPUT GRAIN SIZE FRACTIONATION AS A FUNCTION OF DISTANCE

K6= 1
K7 =I
K8= 1
CALL DSTNCE(PTS)
CALL PLTBL6
CALL FRAME

IF((TITLER) .OR. ( S N D 6 E R ) .OR. (SND7ER)) GOTO 99999

CALL DSTNC2(PTS)
CALL PLTBL8
CALL FRAME

* COMPUTE AND OUTPUT GRAIN SIZE FRACTIONATION AS A FUNCTION OF TIME

* USING OUTPUT FROM DELTA
R E W I N D 13
CALL TIMINT(PTS)

* COMPUTE AND OUTPUT GRAIN SIZE FRACTIONATION AS A FUNCTION OF TIME

* USING OUTPUT FROM DELTA
R E W I N D 13
CALL TIMIN2(PTS)

* C H E C K IF A L L F O U R I T E R A T I O N S HAVE BEEN COMPLETED, IF N O T

* INCRIMENT ITCNT AND CONTINUE
I F ( I T C N T .EQ. 4) G O T O 9 9 9 9 9
GOTO 555

GOTO 99999
9900 WRITE(*,' (''PGM GRAIN -- NO RECORD IN USER'')')
GOTO 99999
9901 WRITE(*,' (''PGM GRAIN -- ERROR READING USER'')')
99999 CLOSE(10)
CLOSE(11)
CLOSE(12)
CLOSE(13)
CLOSE(15)
CLOSE(20)
CLOSE(30)
CALL CLSGKS
STOP
END

SUBROUTINE DSTNCE
IN HEMIPELAGIC RAIN AS DISTANCE FROM THE RIVER MOUTH INCREASES

SUBROUTINE DSTNCE(PTS)
I N T E G E R I,J, P T S
REAL MASS,PORTN(4)
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK HDGBLK
REAL SYEAR, SLENGT,SDETIM(4),STRAKX, SOUTIM, GRNTIM(4),GRTIME
INTEGER IGRNST(4),IOFTN(4),IT6,ITKOFT, IT7
REAL TRACKX
COMMON/HDGBLK/ SYEAR, SLENGT, SDETIM, STRAKX, SOUTIM, GRNTIM,
C IGRNST, IOFTN, IT6,IT7,ITKOFT,GRTIME, TRACKX
SAVE /HDGBLK/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK PLTT6
 Seafloor particle size predictions 425

INTEGER K6
REAL X6(501),YI6(501)',Y26(501),Y36(501),Y46(501),
C Y 5 6 (501)
COMMON/PLTT6/X6, YI6, Y26, Y36, Y46, Y56, K6
SAVE /PLTT6/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK MATRIX
INTEGER GRAINS
REAL DSTINC,FLX(1001,4)
CHARACTER DESCRIB*50
COMMON /MATRIX/ FLX, GRAINS,DSTINC,DESCRIB
SAVE /MATRIX/
*VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK /DST/
REAL IGRSTR, IOFT
COMMON /DST/ IGRSTR, IOFT
SAVE /DST/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK TIME
INTEGER SEASN
COMMON /TIME/ SEASN
SAVE /TIME/

* WRITE HEADINGS
IF (SEASN . E Q . i) T H E N
WRITE(10,' (''SIZE FRACTIONATION FROM THE RIVER MOUTH AT ''
C F8.1,''YEARS - WINTER'')') GRTIME
ELSEIF (SEASN .EQ. 2) T H E N
WRITE(10," (''SIZE FRACTIONATION FROM THE RIVER MOUTH AT "'
C F8.1,''YEARS - SPRING'')') GRTIME
ELSEIF (SEASN .EQ. 3) T H E N
WRITE(10," (''SIZE FRACTIONATION FROM THE RIVER MOUTH AT "'
C F8.1,''YEARS - SUMMER'')') GRTIME
ELSE
WRITE(10," (''SIZE FRACTIONATION FROM THE RIVER MOUTH AT ""
C F8.1,''YEARS - FALL'')') GRTIME
ENDIF
WRITE(10," (''DISTANCE CS MS FS CLAY'')')
W R I T E (i0, ' ('" (KM) (%) (%) (%) (%) '')')
* UNTIL WE'VE RUN OUT OF POINTS, COMPUTE THE PARTICLE SIZE
* FRACTIONATION AT INTERVALS. THE INTERVAL IS SMALLER
* CLOSE TO THE RIVER MOUTH
I = 1
i0 CONTINUE
MASS = 0.0
* CALCULATE THE MASS OF SEDIMENT DEPOSITED PER UNIT AREA
DO 50 J=l,4
MASS = MASS + FLX(I,J)
50 CONTINUE
* CHECK IF FLUX DEPOSITION IS CONTINUING
I F ( M A S S . E Q . 0) T H E N
GOTO 999
ELSE
* CALCULATE THE FRACTION OF EACH GRAIN SIZE
DO 60 J=I,GRAINS
PORTN(J) = 100.0*FLX(I,J) /MASS
60 CONTINUE
ENDIF

WRITE(10," (F7.I,F6.0,3F7.0)') (I-1)*DSTINC/1000.0,

C (PORTN(J) ,J=I,GRAINS)
X6(K6) = (I-l) * D S T I N C / 1 0 0 0 . 0
YI6(K6) = PORTN(1)
Y26(K6) = PORTN(2)
Y36(K6) = PORTN(3)
Y46(K6) -- P O R T N ( 4 )
K6= K6+I

I = I + IOFT
 426 J . P . M . SYVXTSKland J. M. ALCOTT

I F ( I .LE. PTS) GOTO 10

999 CONTINUE
RETURN
END

* SUBROUTINE DSTNC2 -- CALCULATES THE GRAIN SIZE FRACTIONATION

* FROM THE RIVER MOUTH, SINCE SAVING THE OLD HEIGHT AT TIME WHEN
* ACCUMULATION RATES ARE RECORDED (% S A N D IS A L S O I N C L U D E D )

SUBROUTINE D S T N C 2 (PTS)
INTEGER I,J, P T S
R E A L M A S S , P O R T N (4 )
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK HDGBLK
R E A L S Y E A R , S L E N G T , S D E T I M (4 ) , S T R A K X , S O U T I M , G R N T I M (4 ) , G R T I M E
INTEGER IGRNST(4) , IOFTN(4),IT6, ITKOFT, IT7
REAL TRACKX
COMMON/HDGBLK/ SYEAR, SLENGT, SDETIM, STRAKX, SOUTIM, GRNTIM,
C I G R N S T , I O F T N , I T 6 , IT7, I T K O F T , G R T I M E , T R A C K X
S A V E /HDGBLK/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK PLTT6
INTEGER K6
REAL X6(501),YI6(501),Y26(501),Y36(501),Y46(501),
C Y 5 6 (501)
C O M M O N / P L T T 6 / X 6, Y 1 6 , Y 2 6 , Y 3 6 , Y 4 6 , Y 5 6 , K 6
SAVE /PLTT6/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK PLTT8
INTEGER K8
REAL X8(501) ,YI8(501),Y28(501),Y38(501),Y48(501),
C Y 5 8 (501)
COMMON/PLTT8/X8, YI8, Y28, Y38, Y48, Y58, K8
SAVE /PLTT8/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK MATRIX
INTEGER GRAINS
REAL DSTINC,FLX(1001,4)
CHARACTER DESCRIB*50
COMMON /MATRIX/ FLX, GRAINS, DSTINC, DESCRIB
SAVE /MATRIX/
*VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK /DST/
REAL IGRSTR, IOFT
COMMON /DST/ IGRSTR, IOFT
SAVE /DST/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK TIME
INTEGER SEASN
COMMON /TIME/ SEASN
SAVE /TIME/

E N D F I L E I0
* WRITE NEW HEADINGS
I F ( S E A S N .EQ. i) T H E N
W R I T E (i0, " (" " S I Z E F R A C T I O N A T I O N F R O M T H E R I V E R M O U T H A T ' ",
C F8.1,''YEARS - WINTER'')') GRTIME
ELSEIF ( S E A S N .EQ. 2) T H E N
W R I T E (i0, ' (" ' S I Z E F R A C T I O N A T I O N FROM THE RIVER MOUTH AT " " ,
C F8.1,''YEARS - SPRING'')') GRTIME
ELSEIF ( S E A S N .EQ. 3) T H E N
WRITE(10,' (''SIZE FRACTIONATION F R O M T H E R I V E R M O U T H A T ' ',
C F8.1,''YEARS - SUMMER'')') GRTIME
ELSE
W R I T E ( 1 0 , " (' ' S I Z E F R A C T I O N A T I O N F R O M T H E R I V E R M O U T H A T ' ',
C F8.1,''YEARS - FALL'')') GRTIME
ENDIF
W R I T E (i0, " (' " D I S T A N C E CS MS FS CLAY SND' " ) ' )
W R I T E ( 1 0 , " ('" (KM) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)'')')
* UNTIL WE'VE RUN OUT OF POINTS, COMPUTE THE PARTICLE SIZE
* FRACTIONATION AT INTERVALS. T H E I N T E R V A L IS S M A L L E R
 Seafloor particle size predictions 427

* CLOSE TO THE RIVER M O U T H

I -- I G R S T R + i
K 8 -- 1
600 CONTINUE
M A S S -- 0 . 0
* CALCULATE THE MASS OF SEDIMENT DEPOSITED PER UNIT AREA
DO 650 J=I,GRAINS
MASS = MASS + FLX(I,J)
650 CONTINUE
* C H E C K IF F L U X D E P O S I T I O N IS C O N T I N U I N G
IF ( M A S S .EQ. 0) T H E N
GOTO 999
ELSE
* CALCULATE THE FRACTION OF EACH GRAIN SIZE
DO 660 J-I,GRAINS
PORTN(J) m 100.0*FLX(I,J)/MASS
660 CONTINUE
ENDIF

* CHECK FOR -95 FLAG IN SNDTAB6 DATA

IF (Y56(K8) .EQ. -95) G O T O 9 9 9
ABC = 1.0 - Y56(K8) / 100.0

WRITE(10,' (F7.1,F6.0,4F7.0)') (I-1)*DSTINC/1000.0,

C ( P O R T N (J) * A B C , J--l, G R A I N S ) , Y 5 6 (K8)
X8(K8) - (I-l) * D S T I N C / 1 0 0 0 . 0
Y I 8 ( K 8 ) -- P O R T N ( 1 ) * A B C
Y28(K8) = PORTN(2)*ABC
Y 3 8 (K8) = P O R T N ( 3 ) * A B C
Y 4 8 ( K 8 ) -- P O R T N ( 4 ) * A B C
Y58(K8) = Y56(K8)

I = I +IOFT
K8 = K8 + 1
I F ( I .LE. P T S ) G O T O 6 0 0
999 CONTINUE
RETURN
END
********************************************************************
* PLOT VARIABLES OBTAINED IN DSTNCE

SUBROUTINE PLTBL6
REAL XTI (501),YT(501)
CHARACTER TITLE*50, HOLD*4
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK HDGBLK
R E A L S Y E A R , S L E N G T , S D E T I M (4) , S T R A K X , S O U T I M , G R N T I M (4 ) , G R T I M E
INTEGER IGRNST(4),IOFTN(4),IT6, ITKOFT, IT7
REAL TRACKX
COMMON/HDGBLK/ SYEAR, SLENGT, SDETIM, STRAKX, SOUTIM, GRNTIM,
C I G R N S T , I O F T N , IT6, I T 7 , I T K O F T , G R T I M E , T R A C K X
SAVE /HDGBLK/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK PLTT6
INTEGER K6
REAL X6(501),Y16(501),Y26(501),Y36(501),Y46(501),Y56(501)
COMMON/PLTT 6/X6, YI6, Y26, Y36, Y46, Y56, K6
SAVE /PLTT6/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK PLT
R E A L X T (1001)
COMMON /PLT/ XT
SAVE /PLT/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK TIME
INTEGER SEASN
COMMON /TIME/ SEASN
SAVE /TIME/

* SET UP TEXT ASPECTS OF LEGEND

 428 J . P . M . SYVITSKI and J. M. ALCOTT

CALL AGSETC • LAB/NA. " , "LEGEND' )

CALL AGSETF • LAB/BA/X. ', 0 . 8 5 )
CALL AGSETF • LAB/BA/Y. ' , 0.9)
CALL AGSETI • LAB/CE.' ,-i)
CALL AGSETI i" L I N / N U . " , - i 0 0 )
CALL AGSETC I'LIN/TE.', ' - CS$')
CALL AGSETI (" L I N / N U . ", - 2 0 0 )
CALL AGSETC ('LIN/TE.'," - MS$')
CALL AGSETI ('LIN/NU.' ,-300)
CALL AGSETC ('LIN/TE.'," - FS$')
CALL AGSETI (" L I N / N U . ", - 4 0 0 )
CALL AGSETC ('LIN/TE.',' - CLAYS')
CALL AGSETI ('LIN/NU.' ,-500)
CALL AGSETC ('LIN/TE.'," - SANDS')
CALL AGSETI ('LIN/SU." ,-500)
YORG - 0.0
* INITIALIZE THE VECTOR OF X-COORDINATES OF POINTS
DO 200 I=I,K6-1
XT(1) -- X 6 ( I )
IF (YI6(I) .LE. YORG) THEN
YT(I) = YORG
ELSE
YT(I) =YI6(I)
ENDIF
200 CONTINUE
* LABEL X AND Y AXIS
CALL ANOTAT ('DISTANCE (KM) $ • , ' % S E D I M E N T FRACTIONS • • 3 , 0 , 0, 0)
* DEFINE TITLE
ITEMP = INT (GRTIME)
N1 = ITEMP/1000 + 48
N 2 -- I T E M P / 1 0 0 - ITEMP/1000*I0 + 48
N 3 -- I T E M P / 1 0 - ITEMP/100*I0 + 48
N 4 -- I T E M P - ITEMP/10*I0 + 48
HOLD i CHAR(NI) //CHAR(N2) //CHAR(N3) //CHAR(N4)
I F ( N I . E Q . 48) T H E N
HOLD(I:1) = ' '
ELSE
GOTO 210
ENDIF
IF (N2 .EQ. 48) THEN
HOLD (2:2) = • •
ELSE
GOTO 210
ENDIF
IF (N3 .EQ. 48) THEN
H O L D ( 3 : 3 ) -- ' •
ELSE
GOTO 210
ENDIF
210 IF (SEASN . E Q . i) T H E N
TITLE -- " P A R T I C L E SIZE FRACTIONATION WINTER '//HOLD//' YEARS$'
ELSEIF (SEASN . E Q . 2) T H E N
TITLE = 'PARTICLE SIZE FRACTIONATION SPRING '//HOLD//• YEARS$'
ELSEIF (SEASN . E Q . 3) T H E N
TITLE -- ' P A R T I C L E SIZE FRACTIONATION SUMMER '//HOLD//" YEARS$'
ELSE
TITLE -- ' P A R T I C L E SIZE FRACTIONATION FALL '//HOLD//' YEARS$'
ENDIF
CALL AGSETF (' X / M A . • • S L E N G T )
* PLOT FIRST CURVE
CALL EZXY (XT•YT, K6-I,TITLE)
* PUT MARKER POINTS ON CURVE
* I•KINT AND KOUNT ARE TEMPORARY VARIABLES WITH DEFAULT INTEGER
* DECLARATION
KINT -- 2
KOUNT -- ( K 6 - 1 ) / KINT
 Seafloor particle size predictions 429

DO 220 I--I,KOUNT
X T I (I) -- X T ( ( I - 1 ) * K I N T + I )
YT(I) = YT ((I-1)*KINT+I)
220 CONTINUE
* THE NEXT STATEMENT INCREASES THE MARKER SIZE 4X
CALL SETUSV ('MS',4000)
CALL POINTS (XTI,YT, KOUNT,-I,0)
CALL SETUSV ('MS' , i000)
* INITIALIZE THE VECTOR OF X-COORDINATES OF POINTS
DO 300 I=I,K6-1
I F ( Y 2 6 (I) . L E . Y O R G ) THEN
YT(I) -- Y O R G
ELSE
YT(I) mY26(I)
ENDIF
300 CONTINUE
* PLOT SECOND CURVE ON SAME SET OF AXES
CALL EZXY (XT, Y T , K 6 - 1 , " ")
* PUT MARKER POINTS ON CURVE
* I,KINT AND KOUNT ARE TEMPORARY VARIABLES WITH DEFAULT INTEGER
* DEC LARAT I ON
DO 320 I~I,KOUNT
YT(I) = YT((I-1)*KINT+I)
320 CONTINUE
CALL POINTS (XTI,YT,KOUNT,-4,0)
* INITIALIZE THE VECTOR OF X-COORDINATES OF POINTS
DO 400 I=I,K6-1
I F ( Y 3 6 (I) . L E . Y O R G ) THEN
YT(I) = YORG
ELSE
YT(I) =Y36(I)
ENDIF
400 CONTINUE
* PLOT THIRD CURVE ON SAME SET OF AXES
CALL EZXY (XT, Y T , K 6 - 1 , ' ')
* PUT MARKER POINTS ON CURVE
* I,KINT AND KOUNT ARE TEMPORARY VARIABLES WITH DEFAULT INTEGER
* DEC LARAT I ON
DO 420 I--I,KOUNT
YT(I) ~ YT((I-1)*KINT+I)
420 CONTINUE
CALL POINTS ( X T I , Y T , K O U N T , - 5 , 0)
* INITIALIZE THE VECTOR OF X-COORDINATES OF POINTS
DO 500 I=I,K6-1
I F ( Y 4 6 (I) . L E . Y O R G ) THEN
YT(I) = YORG
ELSE
YT(I) --Y46 (I)
ENDIF
500 CONTINUE
* PLOT FOURTH CURVE ON SAME SET OF AXES
CALL EZXY (XT, Y T , K 6 - 1 , " ')
* PUT MARKER POINTS ON CURVE
* I,KINT AND KOUNT ARE TEMPORARY VARIABLES WITH DEFAULT INTEGER
* DEC LARAT I ON
DO 520 I=I,KOUNT
YT(I) = YT((I-1)*KINT+I)
520 CONTINUE
CALL POINTS (XTI,YT,KOUNT,-2,0)
* PLOT SAMPLE OF EACH POINT IN LEGEND
XMAX = SLENGT
XPOS -- X M A X * 0.84
CALL SETUSV ('MS',4000)
CALL POINTS (XPOS,88.85,1,-I,0)
CALL SETUSV ('MS', i000)
CALL POINTS (XPOS, 85.75,1,-4,0)
430 J . P . M . SWITSKI and J. M. ALCOTT

CALL POINTS (XPOS, 82.65,1,-5,0)

CALL POINTS (XPOS,79.55,1,-2,0)
RETURN
END
************************************************************************
* PLOT VARIABLES OBTAINED IN DSTNC2

SUBROUTINE PLTBL8
R E A L X T I (501) , Y T ( 5 0 1 )
CHARACTER TITLE*50, HOLD*4
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK HDGBLK
R E A L S Y E A R , S L E N G T , S D E T I M (4 ) , S T R A K X , S O U T I M , G R N T I M (4 ), G R T I M E
INTEGER IGRNST(4),IOFTN(4),IT6, ITKOFT, IT7
REAL TRACKX
COMMON/HDGBLK/ sYEAR, SLENGT, SDETIM, STRAKX, SOUTIM, GRNTIM,
C IGRNST, IOFTN, IT6, IT7 , ITKOFT, GRTIME, TBACKX
SAVE /HDGBLK/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK PLTT8
INTEGER K8
REAL XS(501),YIS(501),Y28(501),Y38(501),Y48(501),Y58(501)
COMMON/PLTT8/X8, Y18, Y28, Y38, Y48, Y58, K8
SAVE /PLTT8 /
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK PLT
REAL XT (i001)
COMMON /PLT/ XT
SAVE /PLT/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK TIME
INTEGER SEASN
COMMON /TIME/ SEASN
SAVE /TIME/

CALL AGSETC ('LAB/NA.','LEGEND')

CALL AGSETF ('LAB/BA/X.',0.85)
CALL AGSETF ('LAB/BA/Y.', 0.9)
CALL AGSETI ('LAB/CE.',-I)
CALL AGSETI ('LIN/NU.',-500)
CALL AGSETC ('LIN/TE.',' - SANDS')
Y O R G -- 0 . 0
INITIALIZE THE VECTOR OF X-COORDINATES OF POINTS
DO 200 I=I,K8-1
XT(I) = X8(I)
IF ( Y I 8 ( I ) .LE. Y O R G ) T H E N
YT(I) m YORG
ELSE
Y T ( I ) --YI8(I)
ENDIF
200 CONTINUE
LABEL X AND Y AXIS
CALL ANOTAT ('DISTANCE (KM)$','% SEDIMENT FRACTIONS',3,0,0,0)
DEFINE TITLE
I T E M P -- I N T ( G R T I M E )
N1 - ITEMP/1000 + 48
N2 - ITEMP/100 - ITEMP/1000*10 + 48
N3 - ITEMP/10 - ITEMP/100*I0 + 48
N4 = I T E M P - ITEMP/10*I0 + 48
H O L D - - C H A R ( N 1 ) ~~CHAR(N2) / / C H A R ( N 3 ) / / C H A R ( N 4 )
I F (N1 .EQ. 48) T H E N
HOLD(I:I) = " '
ELSE
GOTO 210
E N D IF
I F (N2 .EQ. 48) T H E N
HOLD(2:2) m • ,
ELSE
GOTO 210
 Seafloor particle size predictions 431

E N D I F

IF (N3 . E Q . 48) T H E N
HOLD(3:3) - ' '
ELSE
GOTO 210
ENDIF
210 IF (SEASN .EQ. i) T H E N
T I T L E -- ' P A R T I C L E SIZE FRACTIONATION WINTER " //HOLD//" Y E A R S $"
ELSE IF (SEASN .EQ. 2) T H E N
TITLE - 'PARTICLE SIZE FRACTIONATION SPRING "//HOLD//" YEARS $ '
ELSE IF (SEASN .EQ. 3) T H E N
T I T L E -- " P A R T I C L E SIZE FRACTIONATION SUMMER "//HOLD//" YEARS $ '
ELSE
T I T L E -- ' P A R T I C L E SIZE FRACTIONATION FALL '//HOLD//' YEARS$'
ENDIF
CALL AGSETI ('X/MI.',0)
CALL AGSETF ('X/MA.',SLENGT)
* PLOT FIRST CURVE
CALL EZXY (XT, YT, K 8 - I , T I T L E )
* PUT MARKER POINTS ON CURVE
* I,KINT AND KOUNT ARE TEMPORARY VARIABLES WITH DEFAULT INTEGER
* DECLARATION
K I N T -- 2
KOUNT -- (K8-1) / KINT
DO 220 I--I,KOUNT
XTI(I) = XT((I-1)*KINT+I)
YT(I) = YT((I-1)*KINT+I)
220 CONTINUE
* THE NEXT STATEMENT INCREASES THE MARKER SIZE 4X
CALL SETUSV ('MS',4000)
CALL POINTS (XTI,YT,KOUNT,-I,0)
CALL SETUSV ('MS',1000)
* INITIALIZE THE VECTOR OF X-COORDINATES OF POINTS
DO 300 I--I,K8-1
IF (Y28(I) .LE. YORG) THEN
Y T ( I ) -- Y O R G
ELSE
Y T ( I ) --Y28(I)
ENDIF
300 CONTINUE
* PLOT SECOND CURVE ON SAME SET OF AXES
CALL EZXY (XT, Y T , K 8 - 1 , ' ' )
* PUT MARKER POINTS ON CURVE
* I,KINT AND KOUNT ARE TEMPORARY VARIABLES WITH DEFAULT INTEGER
* DECLARATION
DO 320 I--I,KOUNT
Y T ( I ) -- Y T ( ( I - I ) * K I N T + I )
320 CONTINUE
CALL POINTS (XTI,YT,KOUNT,-4,0)
* INITIALIZE THE VECTOR OF X-COORDINATES OF POINTS
DO 400 I--I,K8-1
I F ( Y 3 8 (I) . L E . Y O R G ) T H E N
Y T ( I ) -- Y O R G
ELSE
Y T ( I ) --Y38 (I)
END IF
400 CONTINUE
* PLOT THIRD CURVE ON SAME SET OF AXES
CALL EZXY (XT, Y T , K 8 - 1 , " ")
* PUT MARKER POINTS ON CURVE
* I,KINT AND KOUNT ARE TEMPORARY VARIABLES WITH DEFAULT INTEGER
* DECLARATION
DO 420 I--I,KOUNT
YT(I) = YT((I-1)*KINT+I)
420 CONTINUE
CALL POINTS ( X T I , YT, K O U N T , -5, 0)
 432 J . P . M . SYVITSKIand J. M. ALCOTT

* INITIALIZE THE VECTOR OF X-COORDINATES OF POINTS

DO 500 I~1,K8-1
IF ( Y 4 8 ( I ) .LE. Y O R G ) T H E N
YT(I) - YORG
ELSE
YT(I) ~Y48(I)
ENDIF
500 CONTINUE
* PLOT FOURTH CURVE ON SAME SET OF AXES
CALL EZXY (XT, Y T , K 8 - 1 , ' ')
* PUT MARKER POINTS ON CURVE
* I,KINT AND KOUNT ARE TEMPORARY VARIABLES WITH DEFAULT INTEGER
* DECLARATION
DO 520 I~I,KOUNT
YT(I) = YT((I-I)*KINT+I)
520 CONTINUE
CALL POINTS (XTI,YT, KOUNT,-2,0)
* INITIALIZE THE VECTOR OF X-COORDINATES OF POINTS
DO 600 I=I,K8-1
IF ( Y 5 8 ( I ) .LE. Y O R G ) T H E N
YT(I) m YORG
ELSE
Y T ( I ) --Y58(I)
ENDIF
600 CONTINUE
* PLOT FIFTH CURVE ON SAME SET OF AXES
CALL EZXY (XT, YT, K 8 - 1 , ' ')
* PUT MARKER POINTS ON CURVE
* I,KINT AND KOUNT ARE TEMPORARY VARIABLES WITH DEFAULT INTEGER
* DECLARATION
DO 620 I=I,KOUNT
YT(I) = YT((I-I)*KINT+I)
620 CONTINUE
CALL POINTS (XTI,YT,KOUNT,-3,0)
* P L O T S A M P L E O F E A C H P O I N T IN L E G E N D
XMAX - SLENGT
XPOS - XMAX * 0.84
CALL SETUSV ('MS',4000)
CALL POINTS (XPOS, 8 8 . 8 5 , 1 , - I , 0 )
CALL SETUSV ('MS',1000)
CALL POINTS (XPOS, 8 5 . 7 5 , 1 , - 4 , 0 )
CALL POINTS (XPOS, 8 2 . 6 5 , 1 , - 5 , 0 )
CALL POINTS (XPOS, 7 9 . 5 5 , 1 , - 2 , 0 )
CALL POINTS (XPOS,76.75,1,-3,0)
RETURN
END
*************************************************************************
* PLOT VARIABLES OBTAINED IN TIMIN2

SUBROUTINE PLTBL7
REAL XTI(1001),YT(1001)
CHARACTER TITLE*50,HOLD*4
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK HDGBLK
REAL SYEAR, SLENGT, SDETIM(4),STRAKX, SOUTIM, GRNTIM(4),GRTIME
INTEGER IGRNST(4),IOFTN(4),IT6,ITKOFT, IT7
REAL TRACKX
COMMON/HDGBLK/ SYEAR, SLENGT, SDETIM, STRAKX, SOUTIM, GRNTIM,
C IGRNST, IOFTN, IT6,ITT,ITKOFT,GRTIME, TRACKX
SAVE /HDGBLK/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK PLTT7
I N T E G E R K7
REAL Y57(1001)
REAL Y17A(1001),Y27A(1001),Y37A(1001),Y47A(1001),X7B(1001)
COMMON/PLTT7/X7B,YI7A, Y27A, Y37A, Y47A, K7,Y57
SAVE /PLTT7/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK PLT
 Seafloor particle size predictions 433

REAL XT (I001)
COMMON /PLT/ XT
SAVE /PLT/

SET UP TEXT ASPECTS OF LEGEND

CALL AGSETC (" L A B / N A . ', ' L E G E N D ' )
CALL AGSETF ('LAB/BA/X.',0.85)
CALL AGSETF ( ' L A B / B A / Y . ' , 0.9)
CALL AGSETI ('LAB/CE.',-I)
CALL AGSETI ('LIN/NU.',-100)
CALL AGSETC ('LIN/TE.'," - CS$')
CALL AGSETI ('LIN/NU.',-200)
CALL AGSETC ('LIN/TE.',' - MS$')
CALL AGSETI ('LIN/NU.',-300)
CALL AGSETC ('LIN/TE.',' - FS$')
CALL AGSETI ('LIN/NU.',-400)
CALL AGSETC ('LIN/TE.',' - CLAYS')
CALL AGSETI ('LIN/NU.',-500)
CALL AGSETC ('LIN/TE.'," - SANDS')
CALL AGSETI ('LIN/SU.',-500)
Y O R G -- 0 . 0
INITIALIZE THE VECTOR OF X-COORDINATES OF POINTS
DO 200 I=I,K7-1
X T ( I ) -- X 7 B ( I )
IF ( Y I 7 A ( I ) .LE. Y O R G ) T H E N
Y T ( I ) -- Y O R G
ELSE
YT(I) =Y17A(I)
END IF
200 CONTINUE
LABEL X AND Y AXIS
CALL ANOTAT ('TIME (YR)$','% SEDIMENT FRACTIONS',3,0,0,0)
DEFINE TITLE
ITEMP m INT (TRACKX)
N1 = ITEMP/1000 + 48
N 2 -- I T E M P / 1 0 0 - ITEMP/1000*I0 + 48
N 3 -- I T E M P / 1 0 - ITEMP/100*I0 + 48
N4 = I T E M P - ITEMP/10*I0 + 48
H O L D = C H A R (N1) / / C H A R (N2) / / C H A R (N3) / / C H A R (N4)
I F (NI .EQ. 48) T H E N
H O L D (i: i) -= " "
ELSE
GOTO 210
ENDIF
I F (N2 .EQ. 48) T H E N
H O L D (2:2) -- " '
ELSE
GOTO 210
ENDIF
I F (N3 .EQ. 48) T H E N
HOLD(3:3) -- ' "
ELSE
GOTO 210
ENDIF
210 T I T L E -- " P A R T I C L E SIZE FRACTIONATION AT '//HOLD//' KM$"
CALL AGSETF (' X / M A . ' , S Y E A R )
PLOT FIRST CURVE
CALL EZXY (XT, Y T , K 7 - I , T I T L E )
PUT MARKER POINTS ON CURVE
I,KINT AND KOUNT ARE TEMPORARY VARIABLES WITH DEFAULT INTEGER
DECLARAT ION
KINT - 2
KOUNT - (K7-1) / KINT
DO 220 I=I,KOUNT
X T I ( I ) -- X T ( ( I - I ) * K I N T + I )

Y T ( I ) -- Y T ( ( I - I ) * K I N T + I )
 434 J.P.M. SYVITSKI and J. M. ALCOTT

220 CONTINUE
* THE NEXT STATEMENT INCREASES THE MARKER SIZE 4X
CALL SETUSV ('MS' , 4 0 0 0 )
CALL POINTS (XTI,YT,KOUNT,-I,0)
CALL SETUSV ('MS',1000)
* INITIALIZE THE VECTOR OF X-COORDINATES OF POINTS
DO 300 I=I,K7-1
IF ( Y 2 7 A ( I ) .LE. Y O R G ) T H E N
YT(I) m YORG
ELSE
Y T ( I ) = Y 2 7 A (I)
ENDIF
300 CONTINUE
* PLOT SECOND CURVE ON SAME SET OF AXES
CALL EZXY (XT, Y T , K 7 - 1 , " ")
* PUT MARKER POINTS ON CURVE
* I,KINT AND KOUNT ARE TEMPORARY VARIABLES WITH DEFAULT INTEGER
* DE CLARAT ION
DO 320 I=I,KOUNT
YT(I) = YT((I-1)*KINT+I)
320 CONTINUE
CALL POINTS (XTI,YT, KOUNT,-4,0)
* INITIALIZE THE VECTOR OF X-COORDINATES OF POINTS
DO 400 I=I,K7-1
IF ( Y 3 7 A ( I ) .LE. Y O R G ) T H E N
YT(I) = YORG
ELSE
YT(I) =Y37A(I)
ENDIF
400 CONTINUE
* PLOT THIRD CURVE ON SAME SET OF AXES
C A L L E Z X Y (XT, Y T , K 7 - 1 , ' ')
* PUT MARKER POINTS ON CURVE
* I,KINT AND KOUNT ARE TEMPORARY VARIABLES WITH DEFAULT INTEGER
* DE CLARAT ION
DO 420 I=I,KOUNT
YT(I) = YT((I-1)*KINT+I)
420 CONTINUE
CALL POINTS (XTI,YT,KOUNT,-5,0)
* INITIALIZE THE VECTOR OF X-COORDINATES OF POINTS
DO 500 I=I,K7-1
IF ( Y 4 7 A ( I ) .LE. Y O R G ) T H E N
Y T ( I ) -- Y O R G
ELSE
Y T ( I ) --Y47A(I)
ENDIF
500 CONTINUE
* PLOT FOURTH CURVE ON SAME SET OF AXES
CALL EZXY (XT, YT, K 7 - 1 , ' ' )
* PUT MARKER POINTS ON CURVE
* I,KINT AND KOUNT ARE TEMPORARY VARIABLES WITH DEFAULT INTEGER
* DE CLARAT ION
DO 520 I--I,KOUNT
Y T ( I ) -- Y T ( ( I - 1 ) * K I N T + I )
520 CONTINUE
CALL POINTS (XTI,YT,KOUNT,-2,0)
* PLOT SAMPLE OF EACH POINT IN LEGEND
X M A X -- S Y E A R
XPOS - XMAX * 0.84
CALL SETUSV ('MS" , 4 0 0 0 )
CALL POINTS (XPOS, 88.85, i,-i,0)
CALL SETUSV ('MS' , 1 0 0 0 )
CALL POINTS (XPOS,85.75,1,-4,0)
CALL POINTS (XPOS, 82.65,1,-5,0)
CALL POINTS (XPOS, 79.55, i,-2,0)
RETURN
 Seafloor particle size predictions 435

END
********************************************************************
* PLOT VARIABLES OBTAINED IN TIMIN2

SUBROUTINE PLTBL9
R E A L X T I (i001) , Y T ( 1 0 0 1 )
CHARACTER TITLE*50, HOLD*4
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK HDGBLK
R E A L S Y E A R , S L E N G T , S D E T I M (4 ) , S T R A K X , S O U T I M , G R N T I M (4 ) , G R T I M E
INTEGER IGRNST(4) , IOFTN(4), IT6, ITKOFT, IT7
REAL TRACKX
COMMON/HDGBLK/ SYEAR, SLENGT, SDETIM, STRAKX, SOUTIM, GRNTIM,
C I G R N S T , I O F T N , IT6, I T 7 , I T K O F T , G R T I M E , T R A C K X
SAVE /HDGBLK/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK PLTT9
INTEGER K9
REAL Y19A(1001),Y29A(1001),Y39A(1001),Y49A(1001),X9B(1001)
REAL Y59A(1001)
C O M M O N / P L T T 9 / X 9 B , Y I 9A, Y 2 9 A , Y 3 9 A , Y 4 9 A , Y 5 9 A , K 9
SAVE /PLTT9/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK PLT
R E A L X T (I001)
COMMON /PLT/ XT
SAVE /PLT/

CALL AGSETC (" L A B / N A . " , ' L E G E N D ' )

CALL AGSETF ('LAB/BA/X.',0.85)
CALL AGSETF ('LAB/BA/Y.',0.9)
CALL AGSETI ('LAB/CE.',-I)
CALL AGSETI ('LIN/NU.' ,-500)
CALL AGSETC ('LIN/TE.',' - SANDS')
YORG = 0.0
* INITIALIZE THE VECTOR OF X-COORDINATES OF POINTS
DO 200 I=I,K9-1
XT(I) = X9B(I)
IF (YI9A(I) .LE. Y O R G ) T H E N
YT(1) m YORG
ELSE
YT(I) =YIgA(I)
ENDIF
200 CONTINUE
* LABEL X AND Y AXIS
CALL ANOTAT ('TIME (YR)$','% SEDIMENT FRACTIONS',3,0,0,0)
* DEFINE TITLE
ITEMP ~ INT (TRACKX)
N1 = ITEMP/1000 + 48
N2 = ITEMP/100 - ITEMP/1000*I0 + 48
N3 = ITEMP/10 - ITEMP/100*I0 + 48
N4 = I T E M P - ITEMP/10*I0 + 48
H O L D -- C H A R ( N 1 ) / / C H A R ( N 2 ) / / C H A R ( N 3 ) / / C H A R ( N 4 )
I F (NI .EQ. 48) T H E N
H O L D (i:i) -- ' "
ELSE
GOTO 210
ENDIF
I F (N2 .EQ. 48) T H E N
HOLD(2:2) = ' '
ELSE
GOTO 210
ENDIF
I F (N3 .EQ. 48) T H E N
HOLD(3:3) -- " "
ELSE
GOTO 210
ENDIF
210 T I T L E -- ' P A R T I C L E S I Z E F R A C T I O N A T I O N AT '//HOLD//' KM$"
 436 J.P.M. SYVITSKI and J. M. ALCOTT

CALL AGSETF (" X / M A . ' , S Y E A R )

* PLOT FIRST CURVE
CALL EZXY (XT, Y T , K 9 - I , T I T L E )
* PUT MARKER POINTS ON CURVE
* I,KINT AND KOUNT ARE TEMPORARY VARIABLES WITH DEFAULT INTEGER
* DECLARATION
KINT = 2
K O U N T = (K9-1) / K I N T
DO 220 I=I,KOUNT
XTI(I) = XT((I-I)*KINT+I)
YT(I) ~ YT((I-I)*KINT+I)
220 CONTINUE
* THE NEXT STATEMENT INCREASES THE MARKER SIZE 4X
CALL SETUSV ('MS',4000)
CALL POINTS (XTI,YT,KOUNT,-I,0)
CALL SETUSV ('MS',1000)
* INITIALIZE THE VECTOR OF X-COORDINATES OF POINTS
DO 300 I=I,K9-1
IF (Y29A(I) .LE. Y O R G ) T H E N
YT(I) = YORG
ELSE
Y T ( I ) --Y29A(I)
ENDIF
300 CONTINUE
* PLOT SECOND CURVE ON SAME SET OF AXES
CALL EZXY (XT,YT,K9-1,' ")
* PUT MARKER POINTS ON CURVE
* I,KINT AND KOUNT ARE TEMPORARY VARIABLES WITH DEFAULT INTEGER
* D ECLARAT ION
DO 320 I~I,KOUNT
YT(I) ~ YT((I-1)*KINT+I)
320 CONTINUE
CALL POINTS (XTI, YT, K O U N T , - 4 , 0 )
* INITIALIZE THE VECTOR OF X-COORDINATES OF POINTS
DO 400 I=I,K9-1
IF ( Y 3 9 A ( I ) .LE. Y O R G ) T H E N
Y T ( I ) -- Y O R G
ELSE
Y T ( I ) = Y 3 9 A (I)
ENDIF
400 CONTINUE
* PLOT THIRD CURVE ON SAME SET OF AXES
CALL EZXY (XT, Y T , K 9 - 1 , ' ')
* PuT MARKER POINTS ON CURVE
* I,KINT AND KOUNT ARE TEMPORARY VARIABLES WITH DEFAULT INTEGER
* DECLARAT ION
DO 420 I--I,KOUNT
Y T ( I ) -- Y T ( ( I - I ) * K I N T + I )
420 CONTINUE
CALL POINTS (XTI,YT,KOUNT,-5,0)
* INITIALIZE THE VECTOR OF X-COORDINATES OF POINTS
DO 500 Iml,K9-1
IF ( Y 4 9 A ( I ) .LE. Y O R G ) T H E N
YT(I) - YORG
ELSE
Y T ( I ) --Y49A(I)
ENDIF
500 CONTINUE
* PLOT FOURTH CURVE ON SAME SET OF AXES
CALL EZXY (XT, Y T , K 9 - 1 , ' ")
* PUT MARKER POINTS ON CURVE
* I,KINT AND KOUNT ARE TEMPORARY VARIABLES WITH DEFAULT INTEGER
* D ECLARAT ION
DO 520 I--I,KOUNT
Y T ( I ) -- Y T ( ( I - I ) * K I N T + I )
520 CONTINUE
 Seafloor particle size predictions 437

CALL POINTS (XTI,YT, KOUNT,-2,0)

* INITIALIZE THE VECTOR OF X-COORDINATES OF POINTS
DO 600 I=I,K9-1
IF ( Y 5 9 A ( I ) .LE. Y O R G ) T H E N
YT(I) = YORG
ELSE
YT(I) mY59A(I)
ENDIF
800 CONTINUE
* PLOT FIFTH CURVE ON SAME SET OF AXES
CALL EZXY (XT, Y T , K 9 - 1 , ' ")
* PUT MARKER POINTS ON CURVE
* I,KINT AND KOUNT ARE TEMPORARY VARIABLES WITH DEFAULT INTEGER
* DECLARATION
DO 620 I=I,KOUNT
YT(I) = YT((I-I)*KINT+I)
620 CONTINUE
CALL POINTS (XTI,YT,KOUNT,-3,0)
* PLOT SAMPLE OF EACH POINT IN LEGEND
XMAX = SYEAR
XPOS = XMAX * 0.84
CALL SETUSV ('MS',4000)
CALL POINTS (XPOS,88.85,1,-I,0)
CALL SETUSV ('MS',1000)
CALL POINTS (XPOS,85.75,1,-4,0)
CALL POINTS (XPOS,82.65,1,-5,0)
CALL POINTS (XPOS,79.55,1,-2,0)
CALL POINTS (XPOS,76.75,1,-3,0)
RETURN
END

* SUBROUTINE TIMINT -- CALCULATES THE GRAIN SIZE FRACTIONATION

* WITH CHANGING TIME IN HEMIPELAGIC RAIN AT A GIVEN DISTANCE
* FROM THE ORIGINAL RIVER MOUTH

SUBROUTINE TIMINT(PTS)
INTEGER I,PTS,TRKPNT,J
REAL MASS,PORTN(4),TIMNEW, DUMMY, SLOC,TOL, TINC, TMASS(1001)
REAL YI7B(1001,4),Y27B(1001,4),Y37B(1001,4)
REAL Y47B(1001,4),TEMP(1001),K7MAX
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK HDGBLK
REAL SYEAR, SLENGT,SDETIM(4),STRAKX, SOUTIM, GRNTIM(4),GRTIME
INTEGER IGRNST(4),IOFTN(4),IT6, ITKOFT, IT7
REAL TRACKX
COMMON/HDGBLK/ SYEAR, SLENGT, SDETIM, STRAKX,SOUTIM, GRNTIM,
C I G R N S T , I O F T N , IT6, I T 7 , I T K O F T , G R T I M E , T R A C K X
SAVE /HDGBLK/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK PLTT7
INTEGER K7
REAL Y57(1001)
REAL Y17A(1001),Y27A(1001),Y37A(1001),Y47A(1001),X7B(1001)
COMMON/PLTT7/X7B, YI7A, Y27A, Y37A, Y47A, K7,Y57
SAVE /PLTT7/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK MATRIX
INTEGER GRAINS
REAL DSTINC,FLX(1001,4)
CHARACTER DESCRIB*50
COMMON /MATRIX/ FLX, GRAINS,DSTINC,DESCRIB
SAVE /MATRIX/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK TIM
REAL TIMNXT, TIMOLD,TIMNX(4),TIMOL2,TIMNX2(4),TIMNT2
COMMON /TIM/ TIMNXT, TIMOLD, TIMNX, TIMOL2,TIMNX2,TIMNT2
SAVE /TIM/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK TIME
INTEGER SEASN
COMMON /TIME/ SEASN

CAGEO 19/~-J
 438 J . P . M . SYVITSKIand J. M. ALCOTT

SAVE /TIME/

DATA TOL, TINC/0.000001,50.0/

J = J + l
TRKPNT = INT(TRACKX*1000.0/DSTINC) + 1

IF (SEASN .GT. i) READ(13,*,ENDm900,ERR=9902)

IF (SEASN .GT. 2) READ(13,*,ENDg900,ERR=9902)
IF (SEASN .GT. 3) READ(13,*,END--900,ERR--9902)

READ(13,' (F20.2,2X,2F20.6)',END--900,ERR=9902)DUMMY, TIMNEW, SLOC

TRKPNT = TRKPNT + SLOC

K7 = 1
OUTPUT THE INITIAL FRACTIONATION
MASS = 0.0
DO 30 I=I,GRAINS
MASS = MASS + FLX(TRKPNT, I)
3O CONTINUE

COMPUTE THE PORTION OF EACH GRAIN SYZE IN THE SEDIMENT

CHECK IF FLUX DEPOSITION IS CONTINUING
IF (MASS . E Q . 0) T H E N
GOTO 99999
ELSE
DO 40 I=I,GRAINS
PORTN(I) = 100.0*FLX(TRKPNT, I)
40 CONTINUE
ENDIF

X7B(K7) = TIMOLD
YI7B(K7,J) -- P O R T N ( 1 )
Y27B(K7,J) = PORTN(2)
Y37B(K7,J) -- P O R T N ( 3 )
Y47B(K7,J) = PORTN(4)
TMASS(K7) = TMASS(K7) + MASS
K7 = K7 + 1

WHILE TRKPNT IS BETWEEN THE RIVER MOUTH(>1) AND THE SILL(<PTS)

AND WE HAVEN'T REACHED THE END OF LVLFILE, COMPUTE AND WRITE
THE SEDIMENTATION RATE AT THIS TIME, AND THEN FIND
THE POSITION OF TRACKX (RELATIVE TO RIVER MOUTH)
AT THE TIME THE NEXT OUTPUT IS REQUIRED
200 CONTINUE
IF((TRKPNT . L E . i) . O R . (TRKPNT .GE. P T S ) ) G O T O 900
IF(TIMNXT .LE. (TIMNEW+TOL))THEN
COMPUTE THE MASS OF SEDIMENT DEPOSITED HERE PER YEAR
MASS = 0.0
DO 300 I--1,GRAINS
MASS = MASS + FLX(TRKPNT, I)
3OO CONTINUE

COMPUTE THE PORTION OF EACH GRAIN SIZE IN THE SEDIMENT

CHECK IF FLUX DEPOSITION IS CONTINUING
IF (MASS . E Q . 0) T H E N
GOTO 99999
ELSE
DO 400 I~I,GRAINS
PORTN(I) -- 1 0 0 . 0 * F L X ( T R K P N T , I)
400 CONTINUE
ENDIF

PRINT THESE RESULTS UNTIL THE NEXT OUTPUT TIME(TIMNXT) IS

AFTER THE TIME OF THE NEXT PROGRADATION.
600 CONTINUE
 Seafloor particle size predictions 439

X7B(K7) -- T I M N X T
YI7B(K7,J) -- P O R T N ( 1 )
Y27B(K7,J) -- P O R T N ( 2 )
Y37B(K7,J) = PORTN(3)
Y47B(K7,J) -- P O R T N ( 4 )
TMASS(K7) -- T M A S S ( K 7 ) + MASS
K 7 -- K 7 + 1
TIMNXT -- T I M N X T + TINC
IF (TIMNXT .LE. (TIMNEW+TOL))GOTO 600

ENDIF

GET THE TIME OF THE NEXT PROGRADATION (REGRADATION)

MOVE TRKPNT ONE STEP
CLOSER TO (AWAY FROM) THE RIVER MOUTH
TIMOLD = TIMNEW
850 R E A D (13, ' ( F 2 0 . 2 , 2 X , 2 F 2 0 . 6 ) ' , E N D - - 9 0 0 , E R R = 9 9 0 2 ) D U M M Y , T I M N E W , S L O C 2
IF (SLOC2 .EQ. S L O C ) T H E N
GOTO 850
ELSE
TRKPNT ~ TRKPNT - SLOC2 + SLOC
SLOC = SLOC2
ENDIF

GOTO 200
900 CONTINUE

ENSURE THAT AVERAGES ARE CALCULATED FOR THE TIME CORRESPONDING

TO THE SEASON WITH THE LONGEST DURATION OF DEPOSITION
I F (J .EQ. I) T H E N
D O 9 1 0 I -- I , K 7 - 1
TEMP(I) -- X7B(I)
910 CONTINUE
K7MAX u K7
ELSE
I F (K7 .GT° K 7 M A X ) THEN
D O 9 2 0 I -- I , K 7 - 1
T E M P (I) - X 7 B ( I )
920 CONTINUE
K7MAX g K7
ENDIF
ENDIF

IF ALL SEASONAL ITERATIONS HAVE BEEN COMPLETED CALCULATE AND

OUTPUT AVERAGED ANNUAL RESULTS
I F (J .EQ. 4) T H E N
ENDF ILE i0
WRITE HEADINGS
WRITE(10,' (''SIZE FRACTIONATION AT'',F6.1,'" KM FROM ORIGIN'') ')
C TRACKX
WRITE(10," ('' ' ' ) ' )
W R I T E (i0, ' ('' TIME CS MS FS CLAY'')')
WRITE(10,' ('' (YRS) (%) (%) (%) (%) '') ')
D O 9 7 0 I -- I , K 7 - 1
IF (TMASS(I) .EQ. 0) G O T O 9 8 0
X7B(I) - TEMP(I)
Y17A(I) - (YITB(I,1)+Y17B(I,2)+Y17B(I,3)+Y17B(I,4))/TMASS(I)
Y27A(I) -- ( Y 2 7 B ( I , I ) + Y 2 7 B ( I , 2 ) + Y 2 7 B ( I , 3 ) + Y 2 7 B ( I , 4 ) ) / T M A S S ( I )
Y37A(I) = (Y37B(I, I)+Y37B(I,2)+Y37B(I,3)+Y37B(I,4)) /TMASS(I)
Y47A(I) -- (Y47B(I, I)+Y47B(I,2)+Y47B(I,3)+Y47B(I,4)) /TMASS(I)
WRITE(10,' (F7.0,F5.0,3F6.0)')
C X7B(I),YI7A(I),Y27A(I),Y37A(I),Y47A(I)
970 CONTINUE
980 CALL PLTBL7
CALL FRAME
ELSE
440 J.P.M. SYVITSK!and J. M, ALCOTT

GOTO 99999
ENDIF

GOTO 99999

9902 WRITE(*," (''SUBROUTINE TIMINT -- E R R O R READING LVLFILE'')')

GOTO 99999
99999 CONTINUE
RETURN
END

* SUBROUTINE T I M I N 2 -- C A L C U L A T E S THE GRAIN SIZE FRACTIONATION

* AT TIME FOR WHICH TRACKING INFORMATION IS R E C O R D E D A T
* TRACKX KM FROM ORIGIN (% S A N D IS A L S O I N C L U D E D )

SUBROUTINE TIMIN2(PTS)
REAL MASS,PORTN(4),TINC, T I M N E W , TOL, T M A S S ( 1 0 0 1 )
REAL DUMMY, SLOC,SLOC2,TEMP(1001),K9MAX
REAL YIgB(1001,4),Y29B(1001,4),Y39B(1001,4)
REAL Y49B(1001,4),Y59B(1001,4)
INTEGER I,TRKPNT, PTS,J
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK TIME
INTEGER SEASN
COMMON /TIME/ SEASN
SAVE /TIME/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK HDGBLK
REAL SYEAR, SLENGT,SDETIM(4),STRAKX, SOUTIM, GRNTIM(4),GRTIME
INTEGER IGRNST(4),IOFTN(4),IT6, I T K O F T , IT7
REAL TRACKX
COMMON/HDGBLK/ SYEAR, SLENGT, SDETIM, STRAKX,SOUTIM, GRNTIM,
C I G R N S T , I O F T N , IT6, I T 7 , I T K O F T , G R T I M E , TRACKX
SAVE /HDGBLK/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK PLTT9
INTEGER K9
REAL YI9A(1001),Y29A(1001),Y39A(1001),Y49A(1001),X9B(1001)
REAL Y59A(1001)
COMMON/PLTT9/X9B,YI9A, Y29A, Y39A, Y49A, Y59A, K9
SAVE /PLTT9/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK PLTT7
INTEGER K7
REAL Y57(I001)
REAL YI7A(1001),Y27A(1001),Y37A(1001),Y47A(1001),XTB(1001)
COMMON/PLTT7/X7B, YI7A, Y27A, Y37A, Y47A, K7,Y57
SAVE /PLTT7/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK MATRIX
INTEGER GRAINS
REAL DSTINC, FLX(1001,4)
CHARACTER DESCRIB*50
COMMON /MATRIX/ FLX, GRAINS, DSTINC, DESCRIB
SAVE /MATRIX/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK TIM
R E A L T I M N X T , T I M O L D , T I M N X (4), T I M O L 2 , T I M N X 2 (4), T I M N T 2
COMMON /TIM/ TIMNXT, TIMOLD, TIMNX, TIMOL2, TIMNX2, TIMNT2
SAVE /TIM/

DATA TOL, T I N C / 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 , 5 0 . 0 /

j u J + l
TRKPNT ~ INT(TRACKX*I000.0/DSTINC) + 1

K9 -- 1

IF (SEASN .GT. 1) READ(13,*,END-7900,ERR-9902)

IF (SEASN .GT. 2) READ(13,*,END--7900,ERR--9902)
IF (SEASN .GT. 3) READ(13,*,END--7900,ERR--9902)
 Seafloor particle size predictions 441

R E A D (13, " ( F 2 0 . 2 , 2 X , 2 F 2 0 . 6 ) ', E N D I 7 9 0 0 , ERR--9902) D U M M Y , T I M N E W , S L O C

TRKPNT = TRKPNT + SLOC

OUTPUT THE INITIAL FRACTIONATION

M A S S -- 0 . 0
DO 200 I--I,GRAINS
M A S S i M A S S + F L X ( T R K P N T , I)
200 CONTINUE

COMPUTE THE PORTION OF EACH GRAIN SIZE IN THE SEDIMENT

C H E C K IF F L U X D E P O S I T I O N IS C O N T I N U I N G
I F ( M A S S .EQ. 0) T H E N
GOTO 99999
ELSE
DO 250 I=I,GRAINS
PORTN(I) -- 1 0 0 . 0 * F L X ( T R K P N T , I)
250 CONTINUE
ENDIF

CHECK FOR -95 FLAG IN SNDTAB7 DATA

IF (Y57(K9) .EQ. -95) G O T O 9 9 9 9 9

X9B(K9) = 0.0
YI9B(K9,J) = PORTN(1)
Y29B(K9,J) = PORTN(2)
Y39B(K9,J) = PORTN(3)
Y49B(K9,J) = PORTN(4)
Y59B(K9,J) = Y57(K9)
T M A S S (K9) -- T M A S S (K9) + MASS
K9 = K9 + 1

W H I L E T R K P N T IS B E T W E E N T H E R I V E R M O U T H ( > 1 ) AND THE SILL(<PTS)

AND WE HAVEN'T REACHED THE END OF LVLFILE, COMPUTE AND WRITE
THE SEDIMENTATION RATE AT THIS TIME, AND THEN FIND
THE POSITION OF TRACKX (RELATIVE TO RIVER MOUTH)
A T T H E T I M E T H E N E X T O U T P U T IS R E Q U I R E D
7200 CONTINUE
IF((TRKPNT .LE. i) .OR. ( T R K P N T .GE. P T S ) ) G O T O 7900
I F ( T I M N T 2 .L E . ( T I M N E W + T O L ) ) T H E N
COMPUTE THE MASS OF SEDIMENT DEPOSITED HERE PER YEAR
MASS - 0.0
DO 7300 I--I,GRAINS
M A S S - M A S S + F L X ( T R K P N T , I)
7300 CONTINUE

COMPUTE THE PORTION OF EACH GRAIN SIZE IN THE SEDIMENT

C H E C K IF F L U X D E P O S I T I O N IS C O N T I N U I N G
I F ( M A S S .EQ. 0) T H E N
GOTO 99999
ELSE
DO 7400 I--I,GRAINS
P O R T N ( I ) -- 1 0 0 . 0 * F L X ( T R K P N T , I)
7400 CONTINUE
ENDIF

PRINT THESE RESULTS UNTIL THE NEXT OUTPUT TIME(TIMNT2) IS

i* AFTER THE TIME OF THE NEXT PROGRADATION.
7600 CONTINUE
K9 -K9 + 1
X9B(K9) - TIMNT2
YI9B(K9,J) -- P O R T N ( 1 )
Y29B(K9,J) - PORTN(2)
Y39B(K9,J) - PORTN(3)
Y49B(K9,J) -- PORTN(4)
Y59B(K9,J) -- Y 5 7 ( K 9 )
T M A S S (K9) -- T M A S S (K9) + M A S S
442 J.P.M. SYVITSKI and J. M. ALCOYr

K 9 -- K 9 + 1
T I M N T 2 -- T I M N T 2 + T I N C
IF(TIMNT2 .LE. ( T I M N E W + T O L ) ) G O T O 7600

ENDIF

GET THE TIME OF THE NEXT PROGRADATION (REGRADATION)

MOVE TRKPNT ONE STEP
CLOSER TO(AWAY FROM) THE RIVER MOUTH
TIMOLD = TIMNEW
850 READ(13," (F20.2,2X,2F20.6)',END--7900,ERR--9902)DUMMY, TIMNEW, SLOC2
I F ( S L O C 2 .EQ. S L O C ) T H E N
GOTO 850
ELSE
TRKPNT = TRKPNT - SLOC2 + SLOC
SLOC = SLOC2
ENDIF

GOTO 7200
7900 CONTINUE

ENSURE THAT AVERAGES ARE CALCULATED FOR THE TIME CORRESPONDING

TO THE SEASON WITH THE LONGEST DURATION OF DEPOSITION
I F (J .EQ. i) T H E N
DO 910 I = I,K9-1
T E M P (I) -- X 9 B ( I )
910 CONTINUE
K9MAX = K9
ELSE
IF (K9 .GT. K 9 M A X ) T H E N
D O 9 2 0 I -- I , K 9 - 1
T E M P (I) -- X9B(I)
920 CONTINUE
K 9 M A X -- K 9
ENDIF
ENDIF

IF ALL SEASONAL ITERATIONS HAVE BEEN COMPLETED CALCULATE AND

OUTPUT AVERAGED ANNUAL RESULTS
I F (J .EQ. 4) T H E N
E N D F I L E I0
WRITE HEADINGS
WRITE(10,' (''SIZE FRACTIONATION AT'',F6.1,'" KM FROM ORIGIN'')')
C TRACKX
W R I T E ( 1 0 , ' ('' ' ' ) ' )
W R I T E (i0, ' ('' TIME CS MS FS CLAY SND2' ' )' )
W R I T E ( 1 0 , " ('" (YRS) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) " ' ) ' )
DO 970 I B I,K9-1
IF ( T M A S S ( I ) .EQ. 0) G O T O 9 8 0
X9B(I) - TEMP(I)
Y 5 9 A ( I ) -- ( Y 5 9 B ( I , I ) + Y 5 9 B ( I , 2 ) + Y 5 9 B ( I , 3 ) + Y 5 9 B ( I , 4 ) ) / 4
A B C -- 1 . 0 - Y 5 9 A ( I ) / 1 0 0
Y I 9 A ( I ) -- ( ( Y I 9 B ( I , I ) + Y I 9 B ( I , 2 ) + y I 9 B ( I , 3 ) + Y I 9 B ( I , 4 ) ) * A B C ) / T M A S S ( I )
Y29A(I) - ((Y29B(I,I)+Y29B(I,2)+Y29B(I,3)+Y29B(I,4))*ABC) /TMASS(I)
Y 3 9 A ( I ) -- ( ( Y 3 9 B ( I , I ) + Y 3 9 B ( I , 2 ) + Y 3 9 B ( I , 3 ) + Y 3 9 B ( I , 4 ) ) * A B C ) /TMASS(I)
Y49A(I) = ((Y49B(I,I)+Y49B(I,2)+Y49B(I,3)+Y49B(I,4))*ABC)/TMASS(I)
W R I T E (10, ' ( F 7 . 0 , F 5 . 0 , 4 F 6 . 0 ) ' )
C X9B(I),YI9A(I),Y29A(I),Y39A(I) ,Y49A(I),Y59A(I)
970 CONTINUE
980 CALL PLTBL9
CALL FRAME
ELSE
GOTO 99999
ENDIF
GOTO 99999
 Seafloor particle size predictions 443

9902 WRITE(*,' (''SUBROUTINE TIMIN2 -- ERROR READING LVLFILE'')')

GOTO 99999
99999 CONTINUE
TRKPNT R 0
TIMNT2 -- 0
SLOC - 0
TIMOL2 -- 0
RETURN
END

* SUBROUTINE SEDFLX -- COMPUTES THE AMOUNT OF SEDIMENT

* DEPOSITED BY HEMIPELAGIC RAIN AT AT INTERVALS OF DSTINC
* METRES. THE SEDIMENT IS BROKEN DOWN BY GRAIN SIZE.
* THE RATE OF DEPOSITION IS CALCULATED AT A NUMBER
* OF POINTS ACROSS THE BASIN, AND THE RESULTS ARE INTEGRATED
* TO COMPUTE THE TOTAL FLUX.

SUBROUTINE SEDFLX(PTS)

INTEGER XBPNT, BINS,PTS, I,ROW, J

* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK SEASON
REAL DAY2SC, CNTN(4),DEPTH,XB,PLUME
REAL CONC(4,4),VEL(4),CHN(4),DPT(4)
COMMON /SEASON/ DAY2SC,CNTN, DEPTH,XB, PLUME,CONC,VEL, CHN,DPT
SAVE /SEASON/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK MATRIX
INTEGER GRAINS
REAL DSTINC,FLX(1001,4)
CHARACTER DESCRIB*50
COMMON /MATRIX/ FLX, GRAINS,DSTINC,DESCRIB
SAVE /MATRIX/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK SED
REAL T(201),Y(201),VX(201),VY(201),LMDA(4),I0(4)
COMMON /SED/ T,Y, VX, VY,LMDA, I0
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK FINDVX
REAL CHANNL, V0
COMMON /FINDVX/ CHANNL,V0
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK HDGBLK
REAL SYEAR, SLENGT,SDETIM(4),STRAKX, SOUTIM, GRNTIM(4),GRTIME
INTEGER IGRNST(4),IOFTN(4),IT6,ITKOFT, IT7
REAL TRACKX
COMMON/HDGBLK/ SYEAR, SLENGT, SDETIM, STRAKX, SOUTIM, GRNTIM,
C IGRNST, IOFTN, IT6, IT7,ITKOFT,GRTIME,TRACKX
SAVE /HDGBLK/

* INITIALIZE FLX MATRIX

D O 2 J--l,4
DO 1 Iml,1001
FLX(I,J) -- 0 . 0
1 CONTINUE
2 CONTINUE

COMPUTE THE POSITION IN THE VECTOR OF THE POINT THAT REPRESENTS XB

THE PLUME IS ASSUMED TO SPREAD A T A 12 D E G R E E ANGLE
DG2RAD = 3.14159265358 / 180.0
XB - 0.5 * (PLUME*I000.0 - CHANNL)/ TAN(12.0 * DG2RAD)
XBPNT m INT(XB/DSTINC) + 1

YR2SEC = 3600.0*24.0*365.0

BINS -- P T S - 1
COMPUTE INVENTORY AND THE INITIAL FLUX IN EACH GRAIN SIZE.
SINCE CNTN IS IN UNITS OF G/M**3, DIVIDE BY i000.0 TO
CONVERT TO KG/M**3
DO 50 I--I,GRAINS
 444 J . P . M . SYWTSKI and J. M. ALCOTT

10(I) = CNTN(I) * DEPTH / i000.0

FLX(I,I) - FLX(I,I) + LMDA(I) * I0(I) * CHANNL
50 CONTINUE

VX(1) = V0
Y(1) -- 0 . 0
VY(1) = 0.0
T(1) -" 0 . 0
DO 200 I--2,201
Y(I) = Y(I-I) + CHANNL/400.0
VX(I) = V0
VY(I) = 0.0
T(I) = 0.0
200 CONTINUE

COMPUTE FLX IN THE NEAR ZONE

DO 500 ROW--2,XBPNT
CALL FLXIN(ROW)
500 CONTINUE

DO 6 0 0 ROW-- X B P N T + I , P T S
CALL FLXOUT(ROW)
600 CONTINUE

RETURN
END
**************************************************************

* SUBROUTINE FLXIN -- COMPUTE THE MASS OF EACH GRAIN SIZE

* DEPOSITED IN A CROSS SECTION OF THE SEAFLOOR UNDER THE SPREADING
* PLUME.
* PNTFLX(1),T(1),Y(1),VX(1),VY(1) ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE COLLECTION
* POINT AT THE CENTRE OF THE PLUME. THE VECTORS REPRESENT COLLECTION
* POINTS IN HALF A LATERAL CROSS-SECTION OF A SYMMETRICAL PLUME.

SUBROUTINE FLXIN(ROW)
REAL X,A,B,PNTFLX(201),XBACK, TINC,VYINC,XFRD,HALFUP
REAL VXBACK, VXFRD,E
INTEGER PTSACC,BINACC,ROW, I,J
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK MATRIX
INTEGER GRAINS
REAL DSTINC,FLX(1001,4)
CHARACTER DESCRIB*50
COMMON /MATRIX/ FLX, GRAINS,DSTINC,DESCRIB
SAVE /MATRIX/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK SED
REAL T(201),Y(201),VX(201),VY(201),LMDA(4),I0(4)
COMMON /SED/ T,Y,VX, VY,LMDA, I0
SAVE /SED/

DATA E,PTSACC,BINACC/2.718281828,201,200/
X -- ( R O W - I ) * D S T I N C
XBACK - X - DSTINC
XFRD -- X + DSTINC

* FOR EACH COLLECTION POINT IN THE HALF CROSS-SECTION, COMPUTE THE

* SEDIMENT DEPOSITED.
DO 100 I=I,PTSACC
* TINC ~ TIME TO CROSS ONE GRID SQUARE TOWARD SEA
T I N C -- D S T I N C / V X ( I )
* COMPUTE NEW LATERAL POSITION AND ACCUMULATED TIME.
Y ( I ) -- Y ( I ) + TINC*VY(I)
T ( I ) -- T ( I ) + TINC

* PLUME. IF I>l, CALCULATE THE LATERAL VELOCITY COMPONENT USING THE

* APPROXIMATION:
 Seafloor particle size predictions 445

* (CHANGE IN VY) / TSTEP -- - ( C H A N G E IN VX) / TSTEP

* VX IS COMPUTED BY FUNCTION FNVX
IF (I .GT. i) THEN
HALFUP = (Y(I)+Y(I-I)) /2.0
VXBACK = FNVX(XBACK,HALFUP)
VXFRD = FNVX(XFRD,HALFUP)
VYINC = -(VXFRD - VXBACK)*(Y(I)-Y(I-I))/(2.0*DSTINC)
VY(I) = VY(I-I) + VYINC
ENDIF
VX(I) = FNVX(X,Y(1) )
100 CONTINUE

* COMPUTE THE TOTAL FLX DEPOSITED IN THE CROSS-SECTION

DO 200 I=I,GRAINS
* COMPUTE THE FLX OF ONE GRAIN SIZE DEPOSITED AT EACH POINT IN
* THE HALF CROSS-SECTION
A = LMDA(I) * I 0 (I)
DO 150 J=I,PTSACC
B = - LMDA(I) * T(J)
* AVOID UNDERFLOW ERROR THAT OCCURS IF POWER OF E IS VERY SMALL
IF (B .GT. -675.0) THEN
PNTFLX(J) = A * (E**B)
ELSE
PNTFLX(J) = 0.0
ENDIF
150 CONTINUE

* INTEGRATE FLX IN THE HALF CROSS-SECTION AND DOUBLE

* NOTE NO DIVISION BY 2 IS EQUIVALENT TO MULTIPLYING THE FLX
* IN HALF THE PLUME B Y 2.
DO 170 J=I,BINACC
FLX(ROW, I) = F L X ( R O W , I)
C + (PNTFLX(J)+PNTFLX(J+I)) * (Y(J+I)-Y(J))
170 CONTINUE
200 CONTINUE
RETURN
END

* FUNCTION FNVX

* COMPUTES THE X-COMPONENT OF VELOCITY AT A POINT (X,Y)

* IN A TWO DIMENSIONAL PLUME. THE ORIGIN IS AT THE CENTRE OF THE
* DELTA HEAD RIVER CHANNEL. X IS LONGITUDINAL POSITION, Y IS THE
* THE LATERAL POSITION
REAL FUNCTION FNVX(X,Y)
REAL X0,X, BORDER, Y,K,C,PI,E
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK FINDVX
REAL CHANNL,V0
COMMON /FINDVX/CHANNL,V0
SAVE /FINDVX/

DATA C,PI,E/.109,3.14159265,2.718281828/
X0 = CHANNL / (SQRT(PI)*C)
IF(X.LT.X0)THEN
BORDER = (I.0-X/X0)*CHANNL/2
IF(Y.GT.BORDER)THEN
K = -(Y + (X*C*SQRT(PI) - CHANNL)/2.0 )**2.0
K = K/(2*C*C*X*X)
FNVX = V0* (E**K)
ELSE
FNVX = V0
ENDIF
ELSE
K = -(Y*Y/(2.0*C*C*X*X))
FNVX = V0 * SQRT(X0/X) * (E**K)
ENDIF
 446 J . P . M . SYVITSKI and J. M. ALCOTT

RETURN
END

* SUBROUTINE FLXOUT -- COMPUTE THE MASS OF EACH GRAIN SIZE DEPOSITED

* IN A HALF CROSS SECTION OF THE SEAFLOOR UNDER A PLUME OF CONSTANT
* WIDTH.
* PNTFLX(1),T(1),Y(1),VX(1),VY(1) ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE COLLECTION
* POINT AT THE CENTRE OF THE PLUME. THE VECTORS REPRESENT COLLECTION
* POINTS IN HALF A LATERAL CROSS-SECTION OF A SYMMETRICAL PLUME.

SUBROUTINE FLXOUT(ROW)
REAL A,B,PNTFLX(201),E
INTEGER BINACC,PTSACC, I,J, ROW
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK MATRIX
INTEGER GRAINS
REAL DSTINC,FLX(1001,4)
CHARACTER DESCRIB*50
COMMON /MATRIX/ F L X , G R A I N S , D S T I N C , D E S C R I B
SAVE /MATRIX/
* VARIABLES FOR COMMON BLOCK SED
REAL T(201),Y(201),VX(201),VY(201),LMDA(4),I0(4)
COMMON /SED/ T,Y, VX, VY,LMDA, I0
SAVE /SED/
DATA E,PTSACC,BINACC/2.718281828,201,200/
DO i00 I=I,PTSACC
T(I) = T(I) + DSTINC/VX(I)
I00 CONTINUE

* COMPUTE THE TOTAL FLX IN THIS CROSS-SECTION FOR EACH GRAIN SIZE
DO 200 I=I,GRAINS
* COMPUTE THE FLX OF ONE GRAIN SIZE DEPOSITED AT EACH POINT IN
* THE CROSS-SECTION
A = LMDA(I) * I0(I)
DO 150 J=I,PTSACC
B = - LMDA(I) * T(J)
I F (B .GT. - 6 7 5 . 0 ) THEN
PNTFLX(J) = A * (E**B)
ELSE
PNTFLX(J) = 0.0
ENDIF
150 CONTINUE

* INTEGRATE FLX IN THE HALF CROSS-SECTION AND DOUBLE

* NOTE NO DIVISION BY 2 IS EQUIVALENT TO MULTIPLYING THE FLX
* IN HALF THE PLUME B Y 2.
DO 170 J=I,BINACC
F L X ( R O W , I) = F L X ( R O W , I)
C + (PNTFLX(J)+PNTFLX(J+I)) * (Y(J+I)-Y(J))
170 CONTINUE
200 CONTINUE
RETURN
END