CORE VALUES

Military Core Values from the AFP CODE OF ETHICS.

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Preamble
WE, THE MEMBERS OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES, IMPLORING ENLIGHTENMENT FROM ALMIGHTY GOD, IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE AND MAINTAIN A PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION, WORTHY OF
PUBLIC TRUST AND RESPECT, FAITHFUL TO ITS CONSTITUTIONAL MANDATE AS THE PROTECTOR OF THE PEOPLE, THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATE, THE DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS AND THE INTEGRITY OF THE
NATIONAL TERRITORY, FREELY AND COLLECTIVELY COMMIT OURSELVES AS OUR WAY OF LIFE, TO ABIDE BY AND ADHERE TO THE PROVISIONS OF THIS CODE OF ETHICS WHICH WE HEREBY DO ORDAIN AND
PROMULGATE.

1.2. Article I- Identity

Section 1. Constitutional Mandate - The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) recognizes the Constitution of the Republic as the legitimate expression of the people's will. It is mandated to serve and protect the
people and secure the sovereignty of the state and the integrity of its national territory from internal and external threats. In view thereof, the AFP pledges allegiance to the Filipino people, adheres to the principle of
supremacy of civilian authority over the military at all times and vows to uphold and defend the Constitution.

Section 2. Organization and Chain of Command - The AFP is duly created by law as an integral part of the Executive Branch of the Government. It is a well-organized and disciplined body composed of a citizen
armed force necessary for the defense and security of the State. It is headed by the President as the Commander-in-Chief who exercises control, supervision and authority through a Chain of Command headed by the
Chief of Staff.

For operational efficiency and effectiveness, the AFP is presently composed of three (3) Major Services: the Philippine Army (P A) which conducts ground combat operations, the Philippine Air Force (PAF) which secures
the Philippine air space and the Philippine Navy (PN) which secures the Philippine territorial waters. Each service considers the other services as brothers-in-arms and members of one big family. All AFP services
maintain harmonious and mutually supportive relationship with each other and other government entities.

Section 3. Commitment, Measures and Standards - The AFP 3hall maintain a high level of credibility to gain the trust, confidence and respect of the Filipino people. It shall manifest a high level of competence and
standard of performance in all its undertakings.

1.3. Article II- AFP History

Section 1. Historical Perspective - The AFP identifies itself with the Filipino people's historical struggles for freedom and justice and their vigilance against any attempt to violate the country's integrity and
sovereignty. In retrospect, it recognizes the role of our forefathers as freedom fighters and honors them for their democratic and nationalistic aspirations.

The AFP, as the embodiment of the cherished martial values and traditions of the Filipino people, traces its roots to certain historical events foremost of which is the Battle of Mactan on 27 April 1521 where Lapu-Lapu,
the acknowledged father of the AFP, first signalled our love for freedom; the Dagohoy Revolt in 1744, the Muslim resistance and other similar uprisings against Spanish colonialism manifesting our fight against foreign
domination; the founding of the Katipunan on 07 July 1892 by Andres Bonifacio, considered as the father of the Philippine Army, who exemplified Filipino solidarity; the Tejeros Convention on 22 March 1897 which
proclaimed officially our desire for complete Independence and thereafter gave birth to the Philippine Army. Subsequently, the Philippine Navy was created on 20 May 1898.

On 12 June 1898, the Philippine Independence was declared at Kawit, Cavite, and for the first time, the Philippine Flag was unfurled by Gen Emilio Aguinaldo and our National Hymn was played. The Filipino-American
hostilities between 1898 and 1899 further demonstrated the Filipino soldier's best in terms of honor, valor, loyalty, duty and solidarity despite the overwhelming superiority of the enemy forces. To hasten the
Philippine campaign on peace and order,. the Philippine Military Academy was organized on 25 October 1898, followed by the Philippine Constabulary on 08 August 1901.

On 21 December 1935, the National Defense Act was enacted officially to create the AFP. The Defense of Bataan and Corregidor from the outbreak. of World War II until 09 April and 06 May 1942 respectively against
the Japanese invasion forces, the active Philippine guerilla movement and the successful Anti-Huk campaign also best exemplified the Filipino soldiers heroism and love of country. The Philippine Air Force was later
established on 01 July 1947. Moreover, it is also noteworthy that the AFP had participated in international peace keeping efforts as its commitment to the United Nations such as the Philippine Expeditionary Force to
Korea (PEFTOK) in the early 50's, the Philippine Air Force Contingent in Congo, Africa in the early 60's and the Philippine Civic Action Group (PHILCAG) in South Vietnam in the late 60's; After the EDSA event, the AFP has
vigorously pursued a national reconciliation effort for peace and progress.

Section 2. Lessons Learned from the Dark Pages of AFP History - The AFP recognizes and resolves to correct misdeeds of some of its members who sacrificed national interest for individual gains, committed graft
and corruption, perpetuated the ill effects of martial law, including the deteriorating 1-3 effect on the AFP and national economy caused by the unsuccessful coup attempts which betrayed the AFP's tradition of ethical
and professional conduct. These misdeeds tainted the good image of the organization. Therefore, the AFP, recognizing these shortcomings and misdeeds, vows to evoke from its members the will to put the interest of
the country and the service above self, to enhance solidarity, to promote professionalism, and to inculcate vigilance and preparedness against all threats to the Republic.

1.4. Article III- The AFP Creed and Stand on Basic Issues
Section 1. The AFP Core Values - The profession of arms, as a noble calling, demands from its members not only specialized knowledge and skills but also a distinct lifestyle governed by a commonly held
belief-system containing nonnegotiable enduring core values of honor, loyalty, valor, duty and solidarity. This system guides the way members live their lives, perform their duties, and account for their behavior under
all circumstances of peace and conflict situations. Every member of the AFP shall voluntarily bind himself to build and sustain his character and life-style with the core values as foundation, otherwise he shall have no
place in the military service.

WE, THEREFORE, EXPRESS THE FOLLOWING CREED:

1.1. We believe in honor as our crowning value as it is more precious than life itself. It is the hallmark of our military conduct, which implies our clear consciousness of personal dignity and worth. We associate it with
good reputation, and is the immortal, sacred part of our character, the violation of which should bring about shame in us and the dignity to impose on ourselves the requisite restitution.

In peace or war, our word shall be our bond. Thus, to us honor also means truthfulness, sincerity, honesty, uprightness, credibility and avoidance of deception, so that our written or spoken word may be accepted
without question. OUT facts shall be identified as facts, and our opinions for what they are. To us, honor means integrity, for we commit ourselves to live a modest and decent life. We shall not lie, cheat, steal, violate
moral and ethical codes nor tolerate the violations of same. As honorable soldiers, we shall rise and live above the frailties of other men in less exacting professions.

Honor demands from us a commitment to also act according to the other values in this Creed. For it is on the basis of trust and confidence that all of us shall exist as members of the AFP.

1.2. We believe in unflinching loyalty. Our Oath of Office requires us to be loyal to our nation and to obey the mandate to support and defend the Constitution. We shall be obedient to the duly constituted political
order. We shall support the Chain of Command and obey all lawful orders of those legally appointed over us.
To us, loyalty, to the unit shall imply that we express in words and in deeds, strong support to those who lead us, those whom we lead and all those who serve with us. To us, loyalty enhances dedication and pride in our
unit, fosters cohesion, and promotes sincere concern for the well-being of our fellow soldiers. It is the best expression of our fidelity to God, our country and fellowmen, and our adherence to democratic principles,
constitutional mandate and legal authority.

1.3. We believe in valor as the Power and strength. courage and ability to overcome fear to carry-out our mission and to accomplish what is seemingly impossible. To us, valor goes beyond the physical dimension of
boldness and endurance to pain and hardships. With this value, we shall have the moral courage to stand for what is right and persevere to make it difficult for friends, superiors, peers and comrades alike to do the
wrong thing.

We also recognize that the spiritual aspect of valor is shown by composure, calmness and presence of mind. In situations demanding from us an act of exceptional bravery, we shall remain ever serene and never allow
ourselves to be taken by surprise. In the heat of battle, we shall maintain presence of mind, in the presence of menacing danger or death we shall retain self-control. We shall have benevolence for those who are
suffering and in distress, for the weak, the loser and the vanquished. We shall be polite at all times for it is the outward manifestation of our self-respect and respect for others, and in it, we find a reserve of force, which
we will tap and unleash only at the most appropriate times.

1.4. We believe in duty as the value of obedience and disciplined performance despite difficulty and danger. To us, duty is a personal act of responsibility manifested by accomplishing all assigned tasks to the fullest of
one's capability, meeting all out commitments and taking opportunities to improve ourselves for the good of the service.

We believe that duty requires acceptance of responsibility not only for our own actions but also for the actions of those entrusted to our care. To us, duty subsumes professionalism and competence which are
prerequisites to confidence, pride and esprit-decorps. Our units will function effectively when we know and execute our jobs properly.

We believe that duty is selfless service in which the welfare and the accomplishment of the mission comes ahead of our individual desires. We best serve the nation when we resist the temptation to pursue our
self-interest, for the AFP can’not function effectively if it becomes merely a collection of self-serving individuals.

To us, duty is rendering service that demands our willingness to sacrifice even if it means giving up our lives in defense of our country.

1.5. We believe in solidarity for it is the consolidating and integrating value to which all of us bind ourselves with the rest of our comrades-in-arms. With it, we reject divisive fraternal organizations within the AFP. We
believe that a well-trained, well-led military unit shall develop pride and esprit-de- corps. Our leaders shall foster esprit-de-corps by ensuring that we will know the importance of our mission. When we lead others, we
shall establish a strong bond by showing them our personal as well as professional examples of excellence. For we recognize that our organization as a whole relies on our ability to do our job to the best of our ability in
teamwork with others. Indeed, solidarity to us is the value that links us in a constantly, self-rectifying, harmonious and dynamic system bound by the motto: "Maka-Diyos, MakaBansa, Maka-Tao, Maka-Kalikasan".

Section 2. The AFP Stand on Basic Issues - The employment of the AFP in many areas of national concern which lie beyond the traditional martial role of the organization, both in the country and abroad, has ushered
in a lot of misunderstandings and confusions not only in the mind of the soldier but also in that of the ordinary citizen. It is therefore very necessary and important for the AFP to clearly define its stand on the following
issues:

2.1. The AFP Organization - The AFP organization shall be so designed, structured, staffed and manned as to be able to carry out its missions and functions effectively through the optimum use of resources. It shall
allow full development and equipage of both active and reserve forces, and the greater involvement of the citizenry not only in the defense of the state but also in civil assistance activities during disasters, calamities,
and national emergencies.

2.2. Supremacy of Civilian Authority - The AFP shall at all times uphold the supremacy of civilian authority over the military. The President as Commander-in-Chief of all the armed force$ shall exercise command and
control over the armed forces: The AFP shall respect laws enacted by Congress, enforced writs issued by the judiciary, carry out directives of the Comelec under circumstances provided by law and subscribe to
regulations enacted by the Commission on Audit concerning the management of funds.

2.3. Chain of Command - The AFP shall follow the chain of command. Every officer and soldier shall obey the lawful orders of his immediate superior. Anyone who shall refuse or fail to carry out a lawful order from the
military chain of command shall be subject to military discipline. On other hand, commanders shall exercise their authority over their subordinates with prudence and shall accept responsibility for their actions.
Command responsibility shall extend to the level as determined by an appropriate and competent board.

2.4. Military Leadership - The military leadership shall have ability to influence members of the organizations in the fulfillment of its roles, obligations and functions. It shall have a sincere concern towards the morale
and welfare of the members. It shall also be credible and able to promote opportunities for genuine reconciliation and solidarity for the sake of peace.

2.5. Research and Technology - The AFP shall be the prime mover of research and technology in the manufacture of armaments and electronic hardware, in aircraft and shipbuilding and full utilization of indigenous
defense materiel based on our belief, care and attitude in the preservation, development and protection of our natural resources.

2.6. People's Support - The AFP firmly acknowledges people's support as vital to achieving peace and order. Thus, it shall respect living conditions, beliefs, ways of life, and the totality of the environment of all sectors
to ensure their acceptance of the AFP as their own.

2.7. National Development - The AFP shall be the people's partner in promoting peace, national development and progress.

2.8. Partisan Politics - The AFP recognizes the sanctity of its insulation from partisan politics. Its involvement in politics shall be strictly limited to the exercise of its members' right of suffrage and in ensuring the
security and delivery of ballots to the concerned government entities during election if and when deputized to do so. The AFP therefore pledges not to interfere nor be an instrument of any politically motivated
activities. AFP members required to go through the Commission on Appointments shall conduct themselves honorably, resisting the temptation to resort to behavior that seeks political favor in exchange for
subservience.

2.9. Mass Media - The mass media is an effective vehicle of change and progress. The AFP shall maintain an "open-media policy." It shall respect the media's freedom of movement and access to vital sources of
information and freedom of expression limited only by the law on classified information. It shall develop a positive working relationship with the media in order to broaden popular understanding, draw appreciation of
the national security programs and seek self-improvement. However, only the CSAFP, Major Service Commanders and their respective authorized representatives shall be allowed to make official media releases.

2.10. Spiritual Life - The AFP shall encourage the practice of one's religious faith for the good of the service. The constitutional provision of the separation of church and state shall not only allow but shall promote the
free exercise of religion in the AFP.

2.11. Family Life - The AFP shall recognize that its members are human beings with the same family obligations as other people. It shall therefore support activities that will strengthen husband-wife, parents-children
and family-community relationships; provide facilities conducive to a wholesome home and community life and protect military dependents especially minors, from exploitation and drug abuse.

2.12. Democracy - The AFP adheres to the principle of democracy that the government is of the people, by the people and for the people. The real power and authority in the governance of the nation emanates from
its citizens. The AFP recognizes its role to protect the people and asserts its rights to participate in democratic processes in which it is legally allowed to do so, but it shall never allow itself to be used to subvert the
sovereign will of the majority neither would it lend its power to stifle the rights of the minority. 2.13. National Interest - Foremost in the mind of the AFP shall be the realization that national interest serves the
common good of the citizenry. This shall be the overriding factor to which the AFP fully commits itself in all missions it shall undertake.

2.14. Peace - Peace is a priceless gift to mankind which connotes freedom from any hostilities such as political, social and economic ills. It is the tranquility, orderliness and harmony among people based on justice. The
AFP as the vanguard of peace shall ensure its preservation, restoration and enhancement, for change and development can only be attained through peaceful environment.

2.15. War - War is defined as the use of organized military force by a state to achieve its ends against the physical opposition of a hostile state or states. War in developing countries, however, has gained a new
dimension as wholistic and total approach to the solution of socio-political conflicts. War is resorted to only when all peaceful means shall have failed and no other option is left to resolve the conflict. The AFP thus
prefers peace to war. Hence, it strongly supports any activity or program geared towards reconciliation But in the conduct: of, war, the AFP shall be able and willing to perform hazardous missions with the right use of
force, the least 1oss of lives, and' the swiftest favorable outcome. It shall maintain a high state of readiness through sustained training and updating of its logistical needs to ensure victory. The AFP shall be always 'ready
to defend and suppress any external or internal threats; It must be vigilant without being oppressive
2.16. Use of Armed Force - The AFP shall exercise the utmost restraint and precaution in the use of armed force to implement policies. If the use of arms is inevitable, it must be sanctioned by the duly established
political system using only reasonable force as 'necessary to fulfill its mission. It shall be directed only against the enemies of the state, not against innocent civilians nor non-combatants, and most of all not against its
own people and government.

2.17. Social Justice - The AFP shall subscribe to the promotion of social justice. It shall understand that the humanization of laws, adoption of legal measures towards the equalization of social and economic forces, are
means to maintain equilibrium of relationships in the community.

2.18. Human Rights - The AFP shall respect the inherent dignity of a human being and his inalienable rights as contained in the "Universal Declaration of Human Rights" and other declarations to which our country is a
signatory. As such the AFP shall pledge itself to protect and promote these rights.

2.19. Enemies of the State - The AFP shall consider as enemies of the state those who shall violate the sovereignty of the Philippines as an independent and a democratic state; those who shall subscribe to violence as
a means to achieve their ends and those who do not adhere to the internationally accepted principles of peace, equality, justice, freedom and friendship; those who shall not accept the supremacy of civilian authority
over the military; those who shall dismember the country or any part thereof; those who shall foment chaos and disorder and obstruct the achievement of the common good; those who shall engage in organized
crimes that threaten the security of the state~ and those who shall organize the populace for the purpose of alienating their allegiance from the state. The AFP shall control and suppress the enemies of the state and in
coordination with other government agencies, shall try to bring them back to the mainstream of society through rehabilitation. It shall treat the enemies of the state according to the laws of the land.

2.20. Principled Critiques/Cause-Oriented Groups - The AFP shall not stifle dissent or label the principled critiques and/or cause-oriented groups as threats to national security and/or enemies of the state as dissent
and opposition are important features to ensure a healthy and dynamic democracy.

1.5. Article IV- AFP Membership

Section 1. General Statement - The AFP members make up the most important asset of all the organization's resources. Efforts shall, therefore, be exerted to attract only the best qualified and most deserving, in order
to maintain the high standards, set forth in this Code. The AFP membership is composed of the Commissioned Officers and the enlisted personnel.

Section 2. Procurement System - The AFP shall adopt an efficient system of procurement that shall ensure uniform and strict implementation of established policies and procedures in order to upgrade the quality of
its members. Extreme care must be made in the setting of criteria that shall not discriminate skilled and/or gifted applicants. Procurement of personnel shall be proportionately taken from all regions of the archipelago
in order to have an equitable regional representation nationwide.

Section 3. Membership Qualifications - The following shall be the minimum criteria in the selection of applicants:

3.1. Commissioned Officers Granted by the President of the Philippines of a commission and rank appropriate to his/her line and expertise after meeting all the following requirements:

3.1.1. Must be a natural born citizen, of good moral character, physically and mentally fit and within the age brackets prescribed by AFP regulations.

3.1.2. Must at least be a Baccalaureate Degree holder.

3.1.3. Must have gone through at least the basic commissioned officer's training in any of the service schools here and abroad or in any private or public educational institution duly authorized to conduct said training.

3.1.4. Must have attained an above average IQ rating in the AFP Aptitude Test Battery prepared and administered in accordance with AFP Regulations.

3.2. Enlisted Personnel.

3.2.1. Must be a natural born citizen of good moral character, physically and mentally fit, single, and within the age bracket of from 18 to 26 years of age;

3.2.2. Must have earned-at least 72 units in college or its equivalent.

3.2.3. Must have attained an average IQ rating in the general military classification test prepared and administered in accordance with AFP regulations.

3.2.4. Must be of a minimum height as set forth in AFP regulations.

Section 4. Education and Training - It shall be the responsibility of both the AFP an organization and every member of the AFP as individuals for the purpose of enhancing proficiency in the service. Where there will
be conflict between the organization and the individual's need, the exigency of the service shall prevail.

The thrust of military education and training shall include the continued build-up and sustenance of the core values of honor, loyalty, valor, duty and solidarity and the maintenance of professionalism in the
organization.

For the purpose of career development and advancement, no commissioned officer or enlisted personnel shall be assigned to any AFP unit without first undergoing the proper orientation and basic training being
conducted by appropriate AFP training schools.

Section 5. Retention of the Service - Reserve officers in the active service, not covered by Executive Order 79 who wish to remain in the AFP and whose performance qualify them for retention in the service shall
signify their intention in a duly endorsed Personnel Action Form. This provision shall be rendered inoperative as soon as integration of reserve and regular officers in one seniority list by major services shall have been
implemented in accordance with Section 12.8 of Article VII.

Enlisted personnel shall be retained in the service after serving three years through a reenlistment requirements provided by AFP regulations, unless amended.

Section 6. Promotion - The AFP shall offer equal opportunities for its members of all ranks and specialties to develop their potentials. But only the best qualified and most deserving can be assured of promotion and
be guaranteed a progressive military career.

Promotion of officers shall be open and limited only to those who fully satisfy the criteria of seniority, competence, standard of accomplishment and soundness of character. A competitive promotional written and
physical examination for each grade shall be administered to help determine the best qualified for promotion. Subjective criterion for selection like career reputation shall have limited equivalent weight in order to
avoid abuse of discretion or influence of popularity on decisions.

Enlisted personnel shall be promoted according to the standardized criteria similar to that for officers set forth by AFP regulations. Meritorious promotion shall be awarded to th08e qualified, but limited only up to the
grade of E-7 (MSg).

Section 7. Retirement, Separation, Benefits - All AFP personnel are given the opportunity to serve the AFP until their optional or compulsory retirement in accordance with existing rules and regulations.
 Separation of military personnel shall only be either by voluntary decision on their part or separation for cause. Grounds for separation shall include illegal and immoral acts, and inefficiency as determined by an
appropriate board. In the case of officers, being twice deferred in promotion shall also cause their separation from the service.

Benefits provided by law for services rendered shall be given fully to military personnel upon their retirement or honorable separation. Claims for benefits shall be attended to expeditiously by cognizant offices.

Section 8. Death and Disability Benefits - An AFP personnel and/or his heirs shall be entitled to all benefits relative to the death or permanent incapacity of said personnel, as provided for under pertinent laws.

1.6. Article V - Military Professionalism

Section 1. General Statement - The members of the AFP are public servants who are oath-bound to fulfill the lofty mandate of the Constitution. The peculiarity of military service which requires the right to bear arms
calls for a corresponding assurance of professionalism from every military man.

Section 2. Professionalism - The expert application of specialized skills based on an organized body of knowledge and in accordance with laws and/or Code of Ethics with the highest degree of excellence in the
accomplishment of the mission.

Section 3. Standards of Military Professionalism - Every member of the AFP shall observe the following as guidelines in the discharge of their official duties:

3.1. Standard of Loyalty - all military personnel shall be loyal and true to the Republic of the Philippines, the Constitution, the AFP and to the people at all times. They shall obey the duly constituted authority and
abide by laws, legal orders, good morals, good customs, and promote order and public safety.

3.2. Standard of Competence all military personnel must possess the knowledge, skill, physical attributes and character traits necessary to attain outstanding performance of duty and accomplishment of the mission.

3.3. Standard of Ethics - The military community is a part of a larger society - the Filipino society. Hence, every military personnel must observe and conform to the accepted principles of right conduct being observed
in the society of which he/she is a part. Among these principles of right behavior expected in Philippine society and other civilized societies are honesty, justice, truthfulness and concern for others. Honesty should be
practiced in all dealings with persons and material resources. Military personnel shall render service to everyone regardless of his status in life. His/her word is taken on face value because he is not supposed to tell a lie.
He/She should show concern for the well-being of others to include enemies who have surrendered or have been captured. He/She should be a trusted steward of resources under his care.

3.4. Standard of Morals - Man is a rational being. Man is also a moral being who is given the capacity to determine what is right and do it and what is wrong and avoid it. In a society, there are accepted practices,
customs and traditions which are necessary in the ordering of community such as respect for elders and authority, fidelity to an oath and/or vow.

It is therefore expected of a soldier to respect his superiors, peers and subordinates. He must be faithful to his pledge as a soldier to serve his country above self. When married, helshe must be faithful and true to
his/her vow of fidelity to wife/husband. He must not only protect his personal honor but that of others as well. Transparency and openness must characterize the dealings/transactions of every soldier. However, in such
situation, he must not lose sight of the fact that there are certain matters/information which must be safeguarded because they involve the security of state.

Section 4. Unprofessional Acts - Behaviors that fall short of the professional standard set forth in this Code are considered unprofessional acts. Specifically, the following constitute offenses falling under this category:

4.1. Acts of Disloyalty - Acts or omissions betraying one's faith, duty and commitment to God, country, people, Constitutional government, AFP chain of command, unit or office and its mission. The following are
examples:

4.1.1. Any form of cowardice, desertion or abandonment of post, duty, assignment without leave and with the intent not to return for any reason; or advising, aiding a deserter to commit such acts, or entertaining
him without informing the latter's commander or unit, such as: when an officer, who having tendered his resignation and prior due notice of its acceptance, quits his post or duties without leave and with intent to
absent himself permanently; when an enlisted personnel, without first having received a regular discharge, again enlists in the AFP or in any foreign armed forces; when he quits his organization or place of duty with the
intent to avoid hazardous duty or to shirk important service; or abandons his post; or advises or aids another to desert, or entertains a deserter;

4.1.2. Contempt or disrespect by words or deeds towards the Commander in-Chief and appropriate civilian authorities, one's superior officers or non-commissioned officers, such as when one uses contemptuous or
disrespectful words; behaves with disrespect; neglects customary salute; exhibits undue familiarity, marked disdain, indifference, insolence, impertinence; displays other rudeness in the presence of a superior officer;
commits character assassination; bypasses chain of command or usurps/deprives authority; or prevents superior officers in the lawful exercise of their functions without reasonable justification; strikes a superior officer;
draws or lifts any weapon against a superior; offers any violence against a superior; willfully disobeys any lawful command of a superior; strikes or assaults an NCO; attempts or threatens to strike or assault an NCO;
willfully disobeys the lawful order of an NCO; uses threatening or insulting language; behaves in an insubordinate or disrespectful manner toward an NCO;

4.1.3. Any attempt to create, or participate in any violent action against the duly constituted government, or its subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities, or engaging in any mutiny or sedition in any company,
party, post, camp, detachment, or other command, such as when one conspires and proposes to commit treason; misprision of treason; coup-deetat; attempts to create a mutiny or sedition; begins or joins in a mutiny
or sedition; causes or excites a mutiny or sedition;

4.1.4. Giving or attempting to give aid, protection, comfort, information, or any form of support to the enemy or his allies or fronts, such as when one relieves the enemy with arms, ammunitions, supplies, money or
other things; knowingly harbors or protects an enemy; corresponds with the enemy; gives intelligence to the enemy; discloses classified information; causes a prisoner to escape through design; or espionage;

4.1.5. Refusal to execute duty or take appropriate action during times of crisis such as siege, uprising, mutiny and similar occurrences for a perceived personal advantage, such as: fence-sits or is an opportunist
indicative of indecision or neutrality with respect to conflicting situations; when a subordinate compels or attempts to compel a commander to surrender, refuses to obey or to do his duty, or to participate in any
measure of defense;

4.2. Acts of Incompetence - Refer to the lack of the required knowledge, skills, physical attributes and character traits necessary for the adequate performance of duty and accomplishment of mission. The following
are examples:

4.2.1. Failure to attain the minimum passing grade in any AFP training and education program.

4.2.2. Inability to meet the physical, medical, mental and moral fitness test requirements of the service.

4.2.3. Apathy, indifference, or half-heartedness towards duty; or the imprudent or negligent execution thereof, such as; failure to report on time to the properly appointed place of duty; leaving one's place of duty
without proper leave; absenting oneself from one's command, guard, quarters, station, or camp without proper leave; failure to do one's utmost to suppress mutiny or sedition, failure to give information of mutiny or
sedition; refusal to receive or keep a prisoner committed to his charge; misbehaving before the enemy; running away from the enemy; shamefully abandoning or delivering up any command; endangering the safety of
any command by any misconduct, disobedience, or neglect; speaking words inducing others to misbehave, run away, or abandon or deliver up or endanger the safety of any command; casting away arms or
ammunition; quitting one's post or colors to plunder or pillage; causing false alarms; refusing to engage the enemy in combat; displaying acts of cowardice; making known the watchword/passwords! countersigns to
persons not entitled to receive it; giving a watchword/password/ countersign different from that received; neglecting to secure captured property; wrongfully appropriating captured property; failure to give notice to
proper authorities of captured property; failure to turn over such property without delay when the same comes to his possession; selling or wrongfully disposing of military property; being drunk on duty; misbehaving
as sentinel; committing any kind of depredations or riots; committing any wastes or spoilings; willfully destroying property; refusing or omitting to see reparations made; using reproachful speech or gesture; using
provoking speech or gesture; disorders and neglects prejudicial to good order and military discipline; conduct of a nature bringing discredit upon the military service; disregard of policies, regulations, or directives;
bypassing the chain of command; improper display of insignia, awards and .decorations; disregard of military customs and protocol; dereliction and negligence of duty; malingering; allowing a prisoner to escape
through neglect; refusing or willfully neglecting to deliver over an accused person; refusing or willfully neglecting to aid officers of justice in apprehending and securing an accused person.

4.3. Unethical Acts - Refer to all acts or omissions which deviate from established and accepted ethical and moral standards of behavior and performance as set forth in this Code: The following are examples:
 4.3.1. Directly or indirectly engaging oneself in outside employment or business sidelines using government time, unless authorized by proper authority.

4.3.2. Arrogance in words, ways and deeds including, but not limited to, unnecessary use or display of firearms or uniforms or unwarranted assertion of rank, position or authority.

4.3.3. Allowing any wrongdoing or irregularity in the military service or refusing or failing to take action thereon or to report same to the appropriate authorities.

4.3.4. Occupying other positions in concurrent capacity to obtain influence, privileges, honoraria and other benefits incidental to said position.

4.3.5."Lobbying” for any favor; including but not limited to promotions, assignments, positions and other privileges personally or through other persons

4.3.6. Any act of circumventing AFP. rules, regulations circulars directives for purposes of procurement, promotion; schooling, assignment, awards and decorations to the damage or prejudice of any, applicant or
member of the AFP committed by any member of a board, committee or office, created for the purposes mentioned.

4.3.7 Allowing/tolerating spouses and dependents to interfere meddle in official functions.

4.3.8. Fornication (i.e., Adultery, Concubinage, Homosexuality, Lesbianism, Pedophilia, etc).

4.3.9. Engaging in vices including but not limited to excessive gambling, womanizing, excessive drinking of intoxicating liquor, use of prohibited drugs and the like.

4.3.10. Sexual Harassment is defined as: 1) Influencing, offering to influence, or threatening the career, pay or job of a person in exchange for sexual favors. 2) Deliberate, repeated offensive comments, gestures or
physical contact of sexual nature in a work or work-related environment.

4.3.11. Forum Shopping - Filing of charges to different investigative agencies thus resulting to disregarding the AFP Chain of Command.

4.3.12. Airing Grievances/Seeking to. Redress Grievances - Directly or indirectly seeking redress of grievances through the use of tri-media that will destroy the image of the AFP.

4.4. Corrupt Acts - All acts or omissions described and characterized as crimes against public interest, public morals, property, chastity, civil status of persons, and honor under the pertinent provisions of the Revised
Penal Code and those specifically mentioned in Republic Acts Nos. 3019 and 6713 and other special penal laws, including the Articles of War, AFP Rules, regulations and directives which involve dishonesty, injustice and
immorality, committed by any military personnel in connection with his office, position, rank or influence to obtain material gain or personal interest or advantage, causing damage to any party including the
government. The following are examples:

4.4.1. Any form of conversion, sale, application or use of government funds or properties other than what they are intended for including, but not limited to POL allocations, firearms, ammunitions and other supplies.

4.4.2. Any form of manipulation of unit or individual funds including, but not limited to maintenance and operating expenses (MOE), project money, pay and allowances, remittances to GSIS, RSBS, PAG-IBIG and the
like.

4.4.3. Any participation in or toleration of rigged bidding. 4.4.4. Falsification/alteration of records/documents to justify unwarranted acquisition or disposal/sale of government equipment to favor any party including
himself.

4.4.5. Allowing/tolerating military spouses and dependents or dummies to deal or participate in any form of transactions with the AFP including but not limited to bid dings and the like.

4.4.6. Utilization/disposition/employment of AFP personnel including but not limited to family/personal drivers, houseboys, security guards and the like.

4.4.7. Utilization/disposition/employment of AFP material resources for personal/family use including but not limited to vehicles, office supplies, POL products and the like.

4.4.8. Receiving/accepting/demanding or insinuating to receive gifts in any form on any occasion. Section 5. Penalties and Administrative Sanctions - The penalties for the foregoing disloyal, incompetent,
unethical and corrupt acts mentioned in this Code shall be those which are provided in the Revised Penal Code, the Articles of War, Special Laws and pertinent AFP rules and regulations. The investigations, prosecutions
and punishment of the offenders shall not be waived or condoned.

1.7. Article VI - AFP Customs and Traditions

Section 1. General Statement - The continued use of desirable practices long accepted by our predecessors provides a reserve of strength that can not be obtained from new approaches that still require testing.
Customs that are cherished provide a simplification of lifestyles and serve to inspire us to emulate our honorable predecessors.

Section 2. Definition of Terms.

2.1. Traditions - are inherited principles, standards and practices that serve as guide for individuals or groups. Traditions are accumulated experiences and deeds passed on from generation to generation.

2.2. Customs - are accepted practice realized through continued usage that take the force and effect of a common law.

Section 3. Military Traditions - The following are the significant military traditions:

3.1. Tradition of Valor-The Filipino soldiers have epitomized valor during their galant defense of Tirad Pass, Bataan, Corregidor, and other countless battles against foreign enemy forces. General Gregorio del Pilar, the
hero of Tirad Pass, paid tribute to Filipino soldiery when he declared: "I bow to the terrible destiny' that defeats me and my brave men but I'm glad to die fighting for my country".

3.2. Tradition of Duty - The Filipino soldier has exemplified himself throughout history as a dedicated public servant who performed his tasks with a deep sense of responsibility and self-sacrifice by making himself
available at all times whenever situation demands.

3.3. Tradition of Honor - General Artemio Ricarte, the first recognized Captain General, as well as the other founding fathers of the AFP during those difficult times have exemplified the value of Honor by leading a life
of personal dignity and self• worth in time of peace or in war.

3.4. Tradition of Solidarity - The strongest, most enduring and powerful military tradition that bound the soldiers in oneness to the people they serve. In every endeavor the Filipino soldier has undertaken, he always
worked as part of the team and ally in the accomplishment of the mission, an indispensable partner of the people whose support he treasures as vital in the attainment of national objectives.

3.5. Tradition of Loyalty - The Filipino soldier has held the respect of the nation by shedding blood and offering the supreme sacrifice in defense of the country. He has given consistently his loyalty to God, country,
people and the AFP Chain of Command.
Section 4. Military Customs - The following are some of the significant customs in the AFP:

4.1. Salute - Men of arms execute salute as an exchange of greeting, courtesy and respect among themselves.

4.2. Flag Raising Ceremony The Filipino soldier honors the flag by raising it before the start of the official day's work to pledge that all his efforts for the day is dedicated to God, country and people.

4.3. The Retreat Ceremony - The sounds of the evening gun during a combined ceremonial parade and retreat ceremony constit'lte one ofthe inspiring customs of the service. Military personnel in camps or garrisons
pause for a moment either to salute the Nation's' Flag or sing the National Anthem.

4.4. The Three Volleys Over Graves - This is a sign of respect and gesture tendered to a departed comrade-in-arms.

4.5. The White Flag of Truce - A worldwide custom used to signal the temporary cessation of hostilities between warring parties.

4.6. The Wearing of Decorations - Military personnel who honorably earned decorations in the performance of duty, displays them as part of the uniform during appropriate occasions.

4.7. The Raising of the Right Hand in Taking Oath - The taking of oath for truth of statement of testimony has always been solemn and serious matter accompanied by ceremony. In essence, the taker of the oath
calls upon his God to bear witness that the truth would be told.

4.8. Courtesy of the Post - An officer of any of the armed services visiting at a military post or one who resides in its vicinity is often extended the "Courtesy of the Post" by the commanding officer after the prescribed
official call has been made. This may include the privilege of accommodation-at the Officer's Club and Officer's Mess if the visit is of short duration and the privilege of membership, if the stay in the vicinity is extended.

4.9. Presentation of Recruits to Colors - In all recruiting units, it is a ceremony in which recruits are presented to the colors for the purpose of signifying acceptance and welcome into the organization.

4.10. Welcome/Farewell Tendered to a Newly Assigned/Departing Officer - A newly assigned officer is tendered a welcome party while prior to the departure of an officer from his station on a change of
assignment, a farewell party is tendered. Other suitable unit function is usually given by the unit's officers and ladies in honor of the newly assigned/departing officer and his family. When pressure of work prohibits this
nicety, a "Happy Hour" or a simple get together takes its place. The same is extended to selected senior key NCO. and Petty Officers.

4.11. Ceremony Tendered to a Retiree - This is tendered to a military retiree in recognition of his long, faithful and honorable service to the AFP.

4.12. Pipe Calls, Trumpet or Bugle Calls. Pipe, trumpet or bugle calls add more distinction and excitement to the regimented life of military personnel. As the day to day activities unfold, the sound of these calls
rejuvenate every system of his body to continue performing the things as signalled by each call.

4.13. Courtesy Calls - The following are some of the significant courtesy calls in the military:

4.13.1. An officer who has been detailed outside of and is rejoining his major service or has been reassigned to units outside his Major Service customarily calls on his Major Service Commander.

4.13.2. Upon arrival or prior to departure, officers from overseas missions or foreign schooling pay a call to their respective Major Service Commanders. It is also appropriate for officers assuming foreign posts or
coming back from such assignments to call on the Chief of Staff and the Secretary of National Defense.

4.13.3. Officers assuming command positions or similar key positions call on their immediate commanders, including Major Service Commanders. They do the same prior to a transfer or relief from duty.

4.13.4. Newly promoted officers customarily call on their Major Service Commanders. This is usually done in groups of the same rank.

4.13.5. In some cases, senior officers who are the subject of all these calls may be extremely busy to attend or receive callers. It is always a sign of courtesy and goodwill to have manifested an intention to pay such a
call.

4.14. Call of Newly Promoted Generals/Flag Officers - Officers promoted to star ranks call on the Major Service Commanders, Chief of Staff, AFP and the Secretary of National Defense after taking their oath of office
before the Commander-in-Chief. Calls on the Major Service Commanders are usually accompanied by some form of arrival and departure honors.

4.15. New Year's Call on the Commander Officer - It has been an invariable custom throughout the AFP that officers make a formal call upon their Commander during New Year's Day.

4.16. Happy Hour - This is special form of unit officer comradeship which has been developing and spreading in recent years. When this is directed, officers gather at their local club for a beer and conversation. Usually
held on Fridays, the growing calls for a light hearted jesting about the events of the week, or airing a minor gripe, and blowing off a little steam, it may also be a time to slip in a judicious request for a pass or even to
inquire about taking a leave. Behavior and activities conform strictly to the moral and ethical standards set forth in this Code.

4.17. Military Weddings - These customs are generally the same for all faiths. They vary only as chaplains of the different churches incorporate other procedures to add to their color and tone.

4.18. Patronage of the Officers' Club and EP's Club Houses - This custom enables officers and EP to spend their off-duty social and recreational life in said centers.

4.19. Ceremonies at Holiday Dinners - This is the practice on Christmas and New Year's Day, in which Commanding Officers visit troops during meal time or prior to the serving of the meal. The method varies rather
widely.

4.20. Christmas Holiday Entertainment - This is another practice on Christmas, in which children of the organization are given gifts and entertained. This is jointly organized by the Chaplain, Special Service Officer or
Ladies Club with the band present.

4.21. Rank Has Its Privileges - Whenever a choice is to be made, such as selection of billets or quarters or electing means of transportation, the option of selection follows rank, with the senior given the privilege to
select first.

4.22. Visiting the Sick - A military personnel who is sick in the hospital is visited by available officers and enlisted personnel of the unit in such number as may be permitted by the doctor or surgeon-in-charge. An
officer or soldier of his unit visits him in order that his needs are attended to.

4.23. Survivor Assistance to Bereaved Family - When any member of a unit dies, an officer is immediately designated by the commanding officer to render every possible assistance to the bereaved family. A family
courtesy may be tendered, if desired, in the case of a death of a member of any personnel's family.

4.24. "1 Wish" and "I Desire" Statement - When the commanding officer states, "I wish," or "I desire" rather than "I order that you do such and such, this wish or desire has all the force of a direct order.

4.25. Place of Honor - The place of honor is on one's right. When a junior walks, rides, or sits with a senior, he takes position abreast to the left of the senior.
4.26. Use of the Word "Sir" - The word "Sir" is used in military conversation by the junior officer in addressing a senior, and by all soldiers in addressing officers. It precedes a report, a query, and follows the answer of a
question.

1.8. Article VII - General Provisions

Section 1. Legal Force - This Code of Ethics shall be guided by the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, Articles of War, Revised Penal Code, RA 6713 (Ethical Standards of Public Officials and
Employees), RA 3019 (Anti-Graft Practices Act), RA 6869 (Anti Coup d'etat Act) and other special laws.

Section 2. Moral Force - All members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines in the implementation of this Code shall be morally bound by the Divine Laws, Oath of Office, AFPO Customs and Traditions, AFP Code of
Conduct and AFPR as amended.

Section. 3. Compliance - In order to ensure compliance with the provisions of this Code, the following shall be observed:

3.1. All members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines shall take upon themselves that the intent and spirit of this Code is upheld at all times.

3.2. Commanders shall set the example and' be responsible in the implementation of the Code.

3.3. There shall be an OESPA created to be headed by the Vice Commanders for the Maj Svcs, Dep Comdrs for the Area Comds and AFPWSSUs, Asst Div Comdrs for the Inf Div, Bde Dep and Ex-O for the Inf Bdes, and
Bn Ex-O for the Inf Bns or its equivalent in the Navy and Air Force to spearhead the effective promotion of the program of action for the institutionalization of the Code.

3.4. The Chaplains, as advisers of Commanders on matters of morality and religious life, while setting the example, shall actively participate and assist in the internalization of the Code.

3.5. All members of the AFP should take oath that they will abide by this Code and it shall form part of their military personnel file (MPF).

Section 4. Dissemination - The following shall be followed to ensure effective dissemination and inculcate awareness:

4.1. This Code shall be included in the curricula of all AFP courses and training programs including CAT and CMT/ROTC.

4.2. It shall be incorporated in the Constitution and by-laws of associations recognized within the AFP.

4.3. The entrance examination for prospective applicants of AFP membership, as well as, the AFP promotional examinations shall include questions that shall enhance knowledge and appreciation of this Code to ensure
sustained dissemination and promotion.

4.4. The provisions of this Code shall be taken up during TI & E sessions. Every member of the AFP shall sign a certification that he/she has read and understood the provision of this Code every 11th day of October,
which is AFPCOE Day. The certification will form part of his/her MPF.

4.5. Before any officer will be designated to occupy a key position, he/she should have undergone a seminar on the Code of Ethics.

4.6. Knowledge of the Code should be a requirement for promotion to the next higher grade for all officers and enlisted personnel.

Section 5. Functional Creed derived from this Code shall serve as a mode for implementation and better appreciation in respective fields of interest.

Section 6. Investigation Procedure - The following shall be followed to expedite the disposition of cases against violators of this Code:

6.1. All offenses committed by any person subject to military law shall be investigated and tried/proceeded against in accordance with the provisions of A W 71, Sec. 35 (a) of the Manual for Courts-Martial and PDs 77
and 911.

6.2. If the offense referred to in the preceding paragraph is committed by any person subject to military law in conspiracy with any civilian, the case of the civilian shall be segregated from his correspondent in
accordance with the procedure prescribed in PD Nr. 1850, as amended, and its implementing rules and regulations; provided, however, that if the civilian co-respondent waives the civil court jurisdiction, the Chief of
Staff, AFP at his own initiative or upon recommendation of the pre-trial investigating officer or by the court itself, shall secure the necessary Presidential waiver so that the case of the civilian can be investigated and
tried by the proper military court;

6.3. If the offense consists of acts and omissions which can be disposed administratively without the need of court-martial intervention, the conduct of the investigation shall be that which is prescribed in AW 105, as
amended, or in EO Nr. 337 dated 13 September 1988 or in the other pertinent AFP rules and regulations whichever is applicable;

6.4. f in the course of the investigation of the corrupt and unethical practice committed by any person subject to military law, it appears that his commission of the offense resulted to his acquisition of property
considered to have been unlawfully acquired as specified in RA 1379, the disposition of the unlawfully acquired property shall be that which is prescribed in said law;

6.5. Notwithstanding the provision of the preceding paragraphs, in all cases filed with the Office of the Military Ombudsman, the conduct of investigation shall be that which is prescribed in the Rules of Procedure of
the Office of the Ombudsman.

6.6. Duty and Obligation of the Commanding Officer - If the offense committed is punishable by not less than six (6) months imprisonment, it is mandatory upon the Commanding Officer or in his absence his duly
authorized representative to place the erring personnel of his command under arrest or confinement for such period of time as may be deemed necessary but not to exceed the imposable penalty. In other cases, the
Commanding Officer or his duly authorized representative must be responsible for the appearance of the erring personnel before any authorities whenever his presence is required. Failure on the part of the officer
concerned to comply with his mandatory duty and obligation shall constitute either corrupt unethical practice or obligation shall constitute either' corrupt unethical practice or act of incompetence for which he shall be
dealt with accordingly.

6.7. Disposition of the Accused Awaiting Trial- Upon receipt by the convening authority of the written charges against the accused and to ensure his appearance in court, it is mandatory for the said convening
authority to assign to or place in confinement said accused in the place where the trial is to be conducted, otherwise his non-compliance herewith shall be considered and dealt with in accordance with the preceding
paragraph;

Section 7. Penalties and Administrative Sanctions - The penalties for the commission of acts/practices mentioned in this Code shall be that which is provided for in the Revised Penal Code or in the Articles of War. If
the offense is not punishable either under the Revised Penal Code or in the Articles of War, then the penalties prescribed by the law violated shall be applied. For acts or omissions which merely require administrative
sanctions, the applicable punishments as provided for in A W 105, as amended, and the provisions of EO Nr 337, s-‘88 shall be applied.

Section 8. Amnesty or Compromise - In order to instill discipline and to serve as deterrence to would-be violators, commission of the acts/practices mentioned in this Code are not subject to compromise, amicable
settlement or amnesty. All defenders shall be investigated, prosecuted and punished if found guilty in accordance with existing rules and regulations.
Section 9. Amendment - Any amendment to or revision of this code maybe proposed in a convention or committee formed for the purpose, the representation or membership of which shall be taken from various
branches of service or sectors of the AFP. No amendment shall be valid unless it is ratified by the majority of the members of the AFP.

Section 10. Appropriations - The fund allocation necessary for the effective implementation of this Code shall be taken from appropriations of the Office of Ethical Standards and Public Accountability (OESPA).
Thereafter, such fund allocation as may be needed for its continued implementation shall be included in the annual operating program and budget (OPB) of the Major Services.

Section 11. Public Accountability - A military member, aware of his responsibility to render just and fair service to the people and the state, shall adhere to the Rule of Conscience and policy of transparency. Section
12. Miscellaneous - There shall be a sustained effort to improve this Code of Ethics in the following functional areas of concern:

12.1. Research on alternative culture based on signs, symbols indigenous to the AFP customs and traditions.

12.2. Strengthen and reorient activities on historical recordings and interpretations of contemporary events.

12.3. A human resource development program shall be undertaken by the AFP to ensure strict compliance of values and standards of the AFP among the members.

12.4. The organizational structures of the AFP shall reinforce values and standards of this Code.

12.5. Effective monitoring system shall be designed and institutionalized to improve personnel behavioral development and creed/core value formation.

12.6. Research and development of ethical standards consistent to performance standards and professionalism shall be vigorously pursued.

12.7. In case of conflict in the execution of customs and traditions, the principle of functionality shall supersede formality and formality shall be supportive of functionality.

12.8. The AFP shall continuously upgrade the criteria in the procurement of commissioned officers and maintain a single Seniority Lineal List by major services and/or technical and administrative services as basis for
promotion, schooling and assignment. Graduating students/cadets of military/civilian training institutions preparing to apply for commission and other aspirants in the Armed Forces of the Philippines shall be required
to take the revised AFP Aptitude Test Battery to determine their suitability for commission.

12.9 The AFP Modernization Program shall be implemented consistent with the appropriate provisions of the AFP Code of Ethics.

Section 13. Separability Clauses - If any provision of this Code or the application of such provision to any person or circumstance is declared invalid. the remainder of the Code or the application of such provision to
other persons or circumstances shall not be affected by such declaration.

Section 14. Rescission - Existing rule£: and regulations, procedures and policies shall be updated and harmonized with the spirit and intent of this Code.

Section 15. Effectivity - This Code shall be effective thirty (30) days after the ratification by the majority of all members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines in a referendum called for this purpose, except provisions
that will require relevant legislation.

1.9. Military Professionalism

"Men who adopt the profession of arms submit of their own free will to a law of perpetual constraint. Of their own accord, they reject their right to live where they choose, to say what they think, to dress as they like.
From the moment they become soldiers, it needs but an order to settle them in this place, to move them to that, to separate them from their family and dislocate their normal lives. In the world of command, they must
rise, march, run, endure bad weather, go without sleep or food, be isolated in some distant post, work until they drop. They have ceased to be the master of their fate. If they drop in their tracks, if their ashes are
scattered to the four winds, that is all part and parcel of their job".

-CHARLES DE GAULLE