LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

English 5, Quarter 4, Week 3

Writing Paragraphs Showing:

Cause and Effect, Comparison
and Contrast, and Problem-Solution
Relationships

Objectives
Objectives

After going through this LAS, you are expected to:

1. cite events that happened in the locality;
2. list all important special moments in pupils’ life;
3. analyze what is the situation seen in the pictures; and
4. explain personal feelings regarding the pictures.

Lesson

Lesson 1.1 Citing Events Happened in the Locality

Read the paragraph below.

Air pollution may be due to a lot of factors, the most common of which are caused
by exhaust gases from vehicles, factory gas emissions, and natural events. Exhaust
gases from the vehicles have continuously dominated the air especially in highly
urbanized towns and cities mainly because the government lacks control and citizens
prefer convenience to the harmful effects. Likewise, the government has not exercised
good control over the location of factories that emit gas elsewhere.
More often than not, air pollution is caused by natural events such as forest, fires,
volcanic eruptions, wind erosion, and pollen dispersal.
What is the topic of the paragraph? What does the key sentence introduce?
How many causes of air pollution are stated?

This paragraph shows cause and effect, explaining reasons and results of events,
situations, or trends. It particularly uses the pattern one effect→ multiple causes.

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 Air pollution is caused by many factors

Cause Cause
Cause
Exhaust gases from Natural events
Factory gas emissions
vehicles  Forest fires
 No regular checks
 Lack of  Volcanic
 Location of factories
control eruptions
 Lack of government
 Unmindful  Pollen
control
citizens dispersal

Effect
Air Pollution

When writing a cause-and-effect paragraph, you may first list your ideas in a graphic
organizer like the one below.
To indicate causes and effects, the following transitional or signal words/phrases may
be used:

Causes Effects

the first cause/reason (second, third) one important effect

because another result
is caused by an outcome
results from as a result
consequently
then, next, therefore, thus, so

Lesson 1.2 List All Important Special Moments in Pupils Life

Read the text below.

Two Places Where My Heart Belongs

There are two places that have had a profound impact in my life. One of them is
the City of Surigao where I live now, and the other is Bislig City, where I was born and lived
there for quite some time. When you compare them, they seem like adventurous different
places, but they have some things in common, and they both capture my heart.
There are many reasons why Surigao seems like my home away from home. Both
places are striking and distinctive. For example, each has its own identity. Everyone knows
that Surigao City is “a City of Adventure.” Bislig is known as “The City of Wonders”, which is
enchanting. Second, both cities have several “Tourist Destinations” where people like to go
and unwind.
Although the “Tourist Destinations” in Bislig are quite far, like the “Tinuy-an Falls”,
yet it’s worth someone’s venture, just as beautiful and exciting as “Mabua Pebbled Beach” in
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Surigao City which is very accessible and 14 kilometers away from the central area.
Furthermore, when you explore the City of Adventure you can encounter several tourists,
from inside and outside of the country, just like in the City of Wonders. In conclusion, these
are the two cities which I consider as the apple of my eyes.
For me, both are home, both are unique, and both are filled with interesting tourist
spots and loving people. These places serve the best in me.

What two subjects or items are compared and contrasted in the paragraph? What
are the similarities of these two subjects? their differences? What transitional signal words
show such similarities and differences?

Both Bislig City

Surigao City

 Striking and
distinctive
 Adventurous  City of Wonders
 City of Adventure
 With several  Tourist destinations
 Very accessible
tourist are quite far
 Pebbled Beach
destinations  Tiny-an Falls
 Several
tourists from
inside and
outside the
country

You can use a Venn diagram to list the detail of the text which is a sample of
comparison-and-contrast paragraph.

In writing a comparison-and-contrast paragraph, you should remember the following

tips:

1. Choose the people or things (subjects) you want to describe.

2. Organize similarities and differences of your two subjects in a Venn diagram.
3. Use the transition/signal words that show-
a. Similarities, such as like, similarly, and both; and
b. Differences, such as but, however, while, and on the other hand.

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 Lesson 1.3
Activity: Study the pictures below. Analyze what is the situation seen in the pictures.

source=univ&tbm=isch&q=filipino+tradition+pictu
https://www.google.com/search?q=pics+of+typhoon+yolanda&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUK
Ewif36zk3LzwAhVsE6YKHXq-B1UQ2-
res&client=firefoxd&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjP-
cCegQIABAA&oq=pics+of+typhoon+yolanda&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoECAAQHlC771
lY2ZdaYOOiWmgAcAB4AIAB8wWIAa0dkgENMC42LjIuMC4xLjIuMZgBAKABAaoBC
2d3cy13aXotaW1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=NuaXYJ_sNuymmAX6_J6oBQ&bih=654&
biw=1349&client=firefox-b-d&hl=en#imgrc=qcMJxM6MRwYojM

Source:youtube.com/watch?v=nZ61RHz2WSg

1. What do you see in the picture?

2. What is the image all about?
3. Are there people in the image? What are they doing? How are they presented?
4. Can the image be looked at different ways?
5. What meanings are conveyed by design choices?

Read the text. Find out how this is different from other text types. Note its structure and other
features.

Jermel was going to watch for the first time a musical play Beauty and the Beast
at the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) Theater. The problem was that Jermel
didn’t know much about the presentation. So, to solve his dilemma, he took some
action. First, he went to the library and read about musical plays. Then, he borrowed
a book in which he could read about “The Beauty and the Beast.” Little did he know
that his best friend’s aunt was a stage performer. So, he met her to personally ask
about the play. After accomplishing all of these, he confidently watched the play with
his friends and was very appreciative of the opportunity.

 What problem is presented in the text?

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  How did you know?
 What solutions are likewise presented to solve a character’s problem?
 What signal words provide hints that help you identify the solutions?
You will learn in this lesson the structure and features of a problem-and-solution text.
To write this type of text, you can do these:

1. Think of a problem and possible solution.

2. Organize your ideas in graphic organizer like:

Problem

Solution Solution Solution

Conclusion

3. Write the sentences about the ideas in your organizer into a paragraph. Make sure
you follow the margin and indention rules.

Some informational text types are organized by problem and solution. This text begins
with the presentation of a problem between individuals, among groups, or an issue going on
in the world. This is followed by one or more possible solutions that are explained.

Lesson 1.3 Explain Personal Feelings Regarding the Pictures

Look at the pictures below and observe it carefully.

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  What do you notice? What do you see that makes you say that?
 Study each person and object in the picture. What can you tell based on these
observations?
 What are the people doing?
 Describe the environment. What would it be like to live here? What sounds would
you hear? What would you smell?
 What may have happened before this scene? What might happen after?
 What does the photograph tell you about the life of these people?

Study the table below.

youtube.com/watch?v=1MNRmHVL1Wc Gettyimages.com.detail/illustration/family-vacation-at-the-
beach-royalty-free-illustration/691010294

lonely sad angry content

afraid lonely disappointed jealous
sorry scared mad frustrated
disgust sick confused mean
frightened surprised annoyed cheerful
silly tired loving nervous
worried proud grumpy confident
shy bored joyful guilty
excited embarrassed jealous anxious

Remember:

A cause-and-effect text explains reasons and results of the

phenomena or happenings, situations, and trends. It makes use of
transition/signal words such as because, one reason why, as a result,
hence, therefore, and thus.

A compare-and-contrast text type is one in which the similarities and

difference of two subjects-persons, places, events, or objects- are
presented and organized logically. In composing a compare-and-
contrast paragraph:
1. Choose the objects or people(subjects) you want to describe;
2. Organize your subject’s similarities and differences using Venn
Diagram;
And
3.Use transitional words to show similarities (like, similarly, and
both) and differences (but, however, while, and on the other hand).

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 Learning Activities
General Directions: Work on Activities 1-3 on separate sheets of paper. Do them on separate
sheets of paper.
Activity 1
Directions: Read the text below. Complete the organizer with the ideas from the text
below.
Book Hour
There are many reasons why our class goes to the library once a week for
what we call “Book Hour”. For one, our teacher has observed that many of us read
poorly when asked to read aloud a story or poem in a class. Another reason is that
most of us at home have an internet provider. As a result, our teacher has noticed that
the researches we submit are lifted from online references. When our teacher checked
our borrowings from the library, most of us have not brought home a storybook, novel,
or reference related to our different subjects. Thus, for many weeks now, we get to hold
books and do our readings for an hour in the library in between our subject periods.

Cause Effect

It was when Typhoon Besing struck the Eastern part of the Philippines that a
certain cargo vessel named LCT Cebu Great Ocean aground in Cantapoy Malimono,
Surigao del Norte. When this typhoon hit the area, it caused the ocean to produce big
waves and almost sank the cargo vessel. It was reported that 20 crews were on board.
Too much fear attacked everyone, and so they decided to abandon the ship. The great
waves and strong current made them struggle in getting along to the shore. The bad
weather lasted for a couple of days. And so, some of them didn’t make it. It was
reported that there were 7 casualties, 7 were missing, and fortunately 6 survived. The
search and rescue operations for the said missing individuals are still going on.

1. What caused the cargo vessel aground the shore?

A. big waves B. stormy day C. strong wind D. Typhoon Besing
2. What happened to the crews when too much fear attacked them?
A. stayed inside
B. hide inside the ship
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 C. abandoned the ship
D. felt remorse and jumped off the ship
3. What made them struggled in getting along the shore?
A. bad weather
B. the aground cargo vessel
C. great waves and strong current
D. strong wind and heavy rain were falling
Activity 2
Directions: Read the text below about Siargao and Boracay. Find out their similarities and
differences. Use the Venn diagram below.

I haven’t been to Boracay Island, but I have read about it. I have been to Siargao
Island, that’s why I know these two awesome tourist destinations are similar in many
ways. Both are small islands that have several beaches, hillside terraces, and cold
green hills. Boracay and Siargao boast of international cuisines because people from
all over the world visit them. However, Siargao’s some beaches are white sand with
tiny corals in it, while those of Boracay are white and the sand is fine as powder. An
area in Siargao is famous for its cloud 9, surfing capital in the Philippines. There is
none of this in Boracay. In the other hand, there are only shops where you can buy
goods that are very Filipino in Boracay.

SIARGAO BORACAY

BOTH

Activity 3
Directions: Match the problem from Column A to the solution in Column B.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

A car is stuck in the mud. A. A plumber came to fix it up.

B. Sister called the supplier to

I couldn’t find my
deliver a cylinder.
eyeglasses.

A water pipe in the bathroom C. I called someone to help me.

burst.

Our stove ran out of gas. D. Father gets a wrecker to pull it

out.
Flood waters destroyed many
crops. e. The farmers had to plant again
as soon as the fields cleared.
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Activity 4
Directions: Look at the picture carefully. Observe and express your feelings about it.
1. What are your feelings about the picture?
A. Happy, because they will build their house
again.
B. Sad, because they lost everything.
C. Excited, because they will start all over
again.
D. Angry, because they will find another
house to stay. source=univ&tbm=isch&q=pics+of+typhoon+yolanda&client=firefo-
d&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiygMGv1rzwAhW0LqYKHHuAJgQ7Al6BA
gDECo& biw=1366&bih=654
2. What do you think is the feeling that the
author is wanted to convey in this picture?
A. peace and calmness
B. danger and problem
C. darkness
D. Hostility

https://www.google.com/search?q=pics+of+nature+beauty&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEw
jp8MrFyqzwAhViEqYKHV3HAZQQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=pics+of+nature&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgBMgIIADICCAAyAggAMg
IIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIAFCA3BdYvoUYYNSwGGgAcAB4AIABn
QGIAdUfkgEEMC4yOZgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=m
m-PYOm7LOKkmAXdjoegCQ&client=firefox-b-d

3. The picture shows Catriona Gray was being interviewed during the Ms. Universe 2018
beauty pageant. As a viewer, how do you feel about the scene?
A. happy and entertained
B. nervous but excited
C. mad and disgusted
D. scared

https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/catrionagrey?family=ed
itorial&phrase=catriona%20grey&sort=mostpopular

4. What does the author show about the picture?

A. A happy family
B. A problematic family
C. A struggling family
D. A body builder family

Gettyimages.com.detail/illustration/family-
vacation-at-the-beach-royalty-free-
illustration/691010294

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5. The picture tells about a ____ and ____ feelings.
A. confuse and troubled
B. scared and nervous
C. happy and free
D. angry
source=univ&tbm=isch&q=children+playing+pics&client=firefoxd&sa
=X&ved=2ahUKEwjthdHXmq3wAhWDZt4KHQXVBhQQ7Al6BAgDE
Dg&biw=1366&bih=654#imgrc=FHzonRf04FcKQM

Reflection
Directions: Complete the 3-2-1 chart about your discoveries in writing paragraphs
showing: cause and effect, comparison and contrast, and problem-
solution relationships. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Answer Key
5. C
4. A. Learners’ answers may vary.
3. C Reflection:
2. A
1. B Learners’ answers may vary.
Activity 4 Activity 2
5. A
5. E 4. A
4. B 3. B
3. A
2. C Effect 1 & 2: Learners’ answers may vary.
1. D Cause 1 & 2: Learners’ answers may vary.
Activity 3 Activity 1

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 References
Books:

Vibal Group, Inc. and Evelyn B. Angeles, Alicia R. Bambico, Ages P. Galapon, and Carmelita A.
Relente, 2015. Rainbows in English Grade 5 K to 12 Edition, Quezon City, Philippines:
DepEd.
Vibal Group, Inc. and Evelyn B. Angeles, Alicia R. Bambico, Ages P. Galapon, and Carmelita A.
Relente, 2015. Rainbows in English Grade 5 K to 12 Edition, Quezon City, Philippines:
DepEd.
Vibal Group, Inc. and Kristine Erika C. Castillo, and Evelyn B. Angeles, 2016. Joy In Learning English
5 Textbook, Quezon City, Philippines: DepEd. \
Images:
https://www.google.com/search?source=univ&tbm=isch&q=filipino+tradition+pictures&client=
firefox-b-d&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjP-
sTLv6XwAhVO62EKHe8EC7UQ7Al6BAgDEFw&biw=1366&bih=654https://www.ereadingwo
rksheets.com/images/cause-and-effect-graphic-organizerexample.png
https://artclasscurator.com/photograph-analysis-learning-activities/
dreamstime.com/royalty
youtube.com/watch?v=1MNRmHVL1Wc
youtube.com/watch?v=nZ61RHz2WSg
https://www.google.com/search?q=pics+of++typhoon+yolanda&client=firefox-b-
d&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=clYdAc05ldY2uM%252ChbLsWCqYaigoWM%252C_&ve
t=1&usg=AI4_-kSA-7wKe6SqVCv2BW6_a2KC5uxfeQ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiDw-
Hhx6zwAhWPdd4KHUTpBmoQ9QF6BAgLEAE#imgrc=clYdAc05ldY2uM
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F%40unicefphils%
2Ffive-years-after-typhoon-yolanda-
f2b959761f17&psig=AOvVaw2JP4Tpkowc5HXiHAwmHIAa&ust=1620098623893000&sourc
e=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCMivwerHrPACFQAAAAAdAAAAABAI
o https://www.google.com/search?q=pics+of+miss+universe+coronation+night+katriona+grey
&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjZo4zpx6zwAhVCfpQKHWQ-AvgQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=pics+of+miss+universe+coronation+night+katriona+grey&gs_lcp=CgNpb
WcQAzoECAAQHjoCCAA6BQgAELEDOgQIABBDOgYIABAFEB46BggAEAgQHjoECAAQG
FCyuSdYurcsYNXCLGgIcAB4AIABoQGIAd9LkgEEMC42NpgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXota
W1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=v2yPYJnINsL80QTk_IjADw&client=firefox-b-
d#imgrc=CY8Pk1Jucj8nTM
o https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/catriona-
grey?family=editorial&phrase=catriona%20grey&sort=mostpopular
o https://www.google.com/search?q=pics+of+nature+beauty&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjp8MrF
yqzwAhViEqYKHV3HAZQQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=pics+of+nature&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgBMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADIC
CAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIAFCA3BdYvoUYYNSwGGgAcAB4AIABnQGIAdUfkgEE
MC4yOZgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=mm-
PYOm7LOKkmAXdjoegCQ&client=firefox-b-d
o Gettyimages.com.detail/illustration/family-vacation-at-the-beach-royalty-free-
illustration/691010294
o https://www.google.com/search?source=univ&tbm=isch&q=children+playing+pics&client=fire
foxd&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjthdHXmq3wAhWDZt4KHQXVBhQQ7Al6BAgDEDg&biw=1366&
bih=654#imgrc=FHzonRf04FcKQM
o https://www.google.com/search?q=pics+of+typhoon+yolanda&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwif36
zk3LzwAhVsE6YKHXq-B1UQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=pics+of+typhoon+yolanda&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoECAAQHlC771lY2Zda
YOOiWmgAcAB4AIAB8wWIAa0dkgENMC42LjIuMC4xLjIuMZgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXota
W1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=NuaXYJ_sNuymmAX6_J6oBQ&bih=654&biw=1349&client=firef
ox-b-d&hl=en#imgrc=qcMJxM6MRwYojM
Websites:
 https://www.facinghistory.org/resource-library/teaching-strategies/analyzing-images
 https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact
=8&ved=2ahUKEwjStez-

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 tqXwAhVY_GEKHfzZDcEQFjALegQIHRAD&url=https%3A%2F%2Fguides.lib.uw.edu%2Fc.
php%3Fg%3D538535%26p%3D3686197&usg=AOvVaw1XOKZRB1jsEMgsqrCjSyVp
 www.pinterest.ph
https://www.google.com/search?source=univ&tbm=isch&q=lesson+strategy+about+explainin
g+personal+feelings+regarding+the+pictures&client=firefox-b-
d&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiI7vXatKzwAhXG62EKHWToBZ0QjJkEegQIAxAB&biw=1366&bih=6
54#imgrc=0-RAVMf04kC3BM
https://easyteaching.net/literacy-resources/comprehension-resources/reading-
comprehension-worksheets/cause-effect-reading-strategy/

Icons credit: Ivin Mae N. Ambos, Division of Surigao del Sur

Published by the Department of Education, Caraga Region

Schools Division Office of Surigao City
Schools Division Superintendent: Karen L. Galanida
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Laila F. Danaque,

Development Team of the Learning Activity Sheets (LAS)

English 5, Q4, Week 3

Writer : Leemiebeth D. Equibal

Editors/Evaluators: Meyrabe A. Clerigo, Mila L. Chavez, Maristel C. Olarte,
Evangeline L. Calonia, Sandra P. Ramirez and Cleamae B. Mante
Management Team: Karen L. Galanida
Laila F. Danaque
Carlo P. Tantoy
Ricky L. Pedralba
Thelma T. Tolentino

Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division Office of Surigao City

Office Address : M. Ortiz Street, Barangay Washington
: Surigao City, Surigao del Norte, Philippine
Telephone : (086) 826-1268; (086) 826-3075; (086) 826-8931
E-mail Address : surigao.city@deped.gov.ph

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