ASSIGNMENT 2.

0
GROUP 5
Obrador, Jamaica V. Pedraza, Ciara V.
Ocampo, Lois Ann D. Pineda, Lavinia Shanin B.
Paglicawan, Ma. Elizabeth M. Rayos, Joana Lou Jane A.
Panganiban, Angela E.

ACTIVITY 1
COMMUNICATION STYLES

SPIRITED COMMUNICATION STYLE:

Chriz and Courtney are best of friends and are both part of the first batch performers for
the upcoming organization week of their school, and they are having a meeting for the flow of
their performance about the concept, cues and all with their group. Basically, they are actively
listening to what their group-mates are telling during their brainstorming when their leader,
Astrid started the formal conversation after hearing them all out. They are actually aware of how
great speaker Astrid is, from the way he thinks and speaks, to the way he delivers the ideas,
message and information are really ecstatic. He then started to lay down his grand ideas, wherein
he said that Chriz will be the one to sing for the opening, and then Courtney and Lisa will be the
back-up dancers while Damian and Eli will be charged to the technical team for that is where
they are all good at, and lastly, he will be the one to create the script together with Denniz. The
song and dance choices will be further discussed by the assigned ones since they will choose the
best and comfortable one for them. He will also show and instruct the main performers the right
projection and facial expressions that they need to let out on their next meeting for the rehearsal.
They have also noticed that it is easy for Astrid to express himself, what he feels and what he
wants to show during the meeting that is why they don’t have any complaints about Astrid being
the group leader for they admire him because even though he is expressive, full of ideas and tend
to instruct others what to do, he still respects others’ decisions and suggestions, listen to them
and appreciate everyone’s effort.
CONSIDERATE COMMUNICATION STYLE:

Gigi just lost her beloved puppy that has been her companion at times when she is happy
and even in loneliness due to car accident, her puppy that she cherished and took care of since
her parents went to States to work in there. She is a total mess as of the moment for she is
blaming her carelessness for her lost, and her closest friend have notice that even though two
weeks had passed, she still can’t help but cry whenever she thought of what happened to her
puppy. Since Bridgette does not know what is the best to do, as a way to calm and make Gigi
feel that she is not alone, Bridgette always tell and assure her that she is always there for Gigi,
that everything will be okay, and her puppy is now happy in heaven. After hearing limited words
from Gigi, Bridgette respect her opinion and won’t ask for more or detailed information if Gigi
isn’t comfortable of sharing everything with her. She always sees to it that whenever they are
having a heart to heart talk, she will ask Gigi about what she felt and will tell her comforting
words. Bridgette told her that losing a pet, a great friend, is heart breaking but seeing her like that
won’t make the puppy happy. That Gigi may be sad but she can have other emotions too.
Bridgette always tell her to let her know if she needs her, if she can help, she’ll help Gigi to find
a new one for Bridgette told her that yes, she’ll never forget her pet, but in time, the painful
feelings will ease and when the time comes she may find herself ready to open her home to a
new pet in need of a loving family.

DIRECT COMMUNICATION STYLE:

Marco is a 20-year-old college student and is a famous athlete in a campus who possesses
a characteristic of having a direct communication style in which he will totally say what really is
inside of him, what he feels and whatever he notices around him. On another point, we also have
Brian (his team mate), a 22-year-old college student in the same university as Marco, who
possesses a characteristic of being too bossy, egoistic, rude and the way he treats every student in
his class is very inhuman. One time, while they are playing, Marco come near to Brian and
confronted him about his behaviour based on what Marco have witnessed while he is having his
lunch. He told every bad feeling he has towards Brian (his friend) from the reason why he is
disappointed with what he does and is continuously doing up to what he saw wherein Brian
mistreated and bullied the nerdy-brainy student in front of many students in the field. Marco
believed that what Brian did was not right. With that, he forthwith said all the words that suits
Brian and did not think of what would be the impact of his confrontation to their relationship (for
they are both campus athlete, and somehow in good terms before). In this case, Marco just
focused and only thought of expressing all the words that he really wants to say to Brian which
then proved his preferred communication style.

SYSTEMATIC COMMUNICATION STYLE:

Beatriz has been asked to work on a project team that needed someone with experience in
design and facilitation of workshops with the project manager, Mr. X, a very formal Asian
gentleman who had a Ph.D. in engineering and has many years of experience working as a
technical specialist in a large international development organization. On their first team
meeting, she presented her ideas enthusiastically and compellingly (or so she thought).  Mr. X
just nodded, and said that he would consider what she just said.  She didn’t hear anything back
for a long time.  When she followed up, Mr. X politely thanked her for the input but said that her
proposed new approaches were not necessary and that they would simply follow what other
similar projects, conducted elsewhere in the organization that they have done in the past. All of
her attempts at convincing him proved fruitless.  He was wholly unimpressed by Beatriz’s
snazzy ideas or her prediction that her proposed approach would lead to better results so, she
came up with other ideas but then, he rejected all of them. Beatriz realized that Mr. X had no
interest in trying something new or risky.  He was focused (fixated, it seemed to her) on
following proven procedures and relying on precedents to develop a coherent process. They
clearly did not “get” each other. Had she known then about the communication styles, she could
have quickly figured out that Mr. X’s preferred communication style was Systematic and that
communicating in her default Spirited style would not be effective. 
ACTIVITY 2

LANGUAGE VARIETIES

A. Pidgin
1. Taglish- a combination of the words "Tagalog" and "English" which refers to the
Philippine language Tagalog infused with American English terms. It is an
example of code-switching.
Examples:
- Magshoshopping ako sa mall mamaya- I will shop at the mall later.
- Pakibuksan yung aircon- Please turn on the air-conditioned
- Magda-drive ako bukas. - I will drive tomorrow.
2. Gay Language- The gay language in the Philippines is a ‘pidgin’. Filipinos of the
third sex decided to come up with a form of language that is only peculiar to them
to facilitate communication among the members with a slight intention of
concealing the real message behind the information being expressed.
Examples:
- Chaka- Ugly
- Borlogs- to sleep
- Talbog- defeated
- Lafang- food
- Girlash- girl
3. Tok Pisin – New Guinea pidgin (Papua), it is a Melanesian pidgin that started in
the 1800’s, it started because of the increasing travel and economic activity
between the Melanesians and Europeans.
Examples:
- spak- drunk
- kilim- hit or beat
- lapun- old
- baksait- backside
- kiau- egg
 4. Solomon Island Pidgin (South Pacific) – combination of English and south
pacific languages.
Examples:
- Sios-church
- Resa-razor
- Maos-mouth
5. Hawaiian Pidgin – created by immigrant workers from Japan, Korea, and the
Philippines who worked for English speakers
Example:
- Lolo means idiot
- Kolohe means troublemaker
- Hapa means half
- Talk stink means talking bad about someone else
B. Creole
1. Sama–Bajaw languages- a well-established group of languages spoken by the
Sama-Bajau peoples of the Philippines. They are mainly spoken on Sulu
Archipelago between Borneo and Mindanao.
Examples:
- Weh di gaan an? — What’s up?
- Aarite— All right.
- Cho! — What on earth!
- Weh yuh naym? — What’s your name?
2. Louisiana Creole –is a creole that has developed out of interactions between
French colonists and African slaves on plantations along the Mississippi River
around New Orleans.
Examples:
- Bonjou- Hello
- Konmen lêz afær?- How are things?
- Komen ça va? / Komen ç'apé kouri? - How are you doing?
- Çé bon. Mo byin. - I'm good, thanks.
- Wa (twa) plitar. - See you later.
3. Bileez Kriol - the Creole language spoken in Belize is known to natives as Bileez
Kriol and uses a phonetic writing system. Unlike many other Creole languages,
Bileez Kriol is an English-based language.
Examples:
- Gud maanin! — Good morning!
- Weh di gaan an? — What’s up?
- Aarite— All right.
- Cho! — What on earth!
- Weh yuh naym? — What’s your name?
4. Guyanese Creole – is an English based creole language spoken by people in
Guyana. Linguistically, it is similar to the other English dialects of the Caribbean
region, but has most influences of African, some of Dutch, Arawakan languages,
and Indian.
Examples:
- Evri day me a run a raisfil
Every day I ran the ricefield – Literal meaning
Every day I take care of the rice field – Meaning
- Dem a waan sting yuh waan bill
They want to sting your one bill – Literal meaning
They usually want to take money from you. – Meaning

5. Haitian Creole - is based largely on French and African languages and is spoken
by 8.5 million people in Haiti. It is one of Haiti's official languages.
Examples:
- Non-No
- Souple-Please
- Eskize mwen-Excuse me
C. Regional Dialect
1. Tagalog – the Tagalog language is a member of the central Philippine branch of
the Austronesian (Malayo – Polynesian) language family and the base of Pilipino.
It is the 2nd largest linguistic and cultural group in the Philippine.
Examples: Tagalog words used in English
- Ylang Ylang – s tree who’s fragrant are used in perfumes
- Abaca – a type of hemp fiber made from a plant in the banana family,
from abacá.
2. Yakan – it is a Austronesian language primarily spoken on Basilan Island in the
Philippines. It is the native language of the Yakan people, the indigenous as well
as the largest ethnic group on the island.
Examples:
- Mang gey matau mamayam sib akas palaihan nen, gey tekka si papilihan
nen. -
If they do not look back at their past, they will not reach their destination.
– English translation
3. Ivatan – the ivatan (ibatan) language, also known as Chirin nu Ibatan
(“language of the Ivatan people”) is an Austronesian language spoken in the
Batanes islands on the Philippines.
Examples:
- Kapian capa nu dios – hello
- Dios mamajes – thank you
- Mirwa ta anchiyaw. – we’ll meet again later.
4. Kapampangan – is also an Austronesian language and one of the eight major
languages of the Philippines. It is the primary and predominant language of the
entire province of Pampanga and southern Tarlac, on the southern part of Luzon's
central plains geographic region. It is also spoken in northeastern Bataan, as well
as in the municipalities of Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, and Zambales that border
Pampanga. A few Aeta groups in Central Luzon's southern part also understand
and even speak Kapampangan.
Examples:
 - Kaluguran daka. – I love you
- Pilan na kang banua? – How old are you?
- Nanu ya ing buri mu? – What do you want?
5. Sambali or Sambal – primarily in the Zambal municipalities of Santa Cruz,
Candelaria, Masinloc, Palauig, and Iba, and in the Pangasinan’s municipality of
Infanta in the Philippines.
Examples:
- “Hay kay tanda mamnomtom ha pinangibatan, kay maka-lato ha ampako-
taw-an” – Sambal
- “Ang hindi lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makararating sa
paroroonan” – Tagalog

D. Minority Dialect
1. Tausug – one of the largest Muslims (sometimes called Moro) ethnic group of the
southwestern Philippines. They live primarily in the Sulu Archipelago, southwest
of the island of Mindanao, mainly in the Jolo island cluster.
Examples:
- Magsukul Kaymu – Thank You
- Unu in ngān mu? Or Siyu in ngān mu? – What is your name?
- Alam – Universe
- Allah – God
2. Malay – or Wikang Malay in Filipino is spoken by a minority of Filipinos,
particularly in Palawan, Sulu Archipelago and parts of Mindanao.
-One variant of Malay spoken in the Philippine is Indonesian, which is
spoken by Indonesian who has either settled or does business in the
Philippines.
Examples:
- The word datu (datuk), rajah (raja), or rajahmuda (rajamuda) are
originated in the sanskrit.
- Orang yang melupakan asal-usulnya tak mungkin mencapai tujuannya. –
Malaysian & Indonesian (Malay)
 - If they do not look back at their past, they will not reach their destination.
– English translation
3. Waray – waray – also called Samaran is a member of a large ethnolinguistic
group of the Philippines that lives in Samar, Eastern Leyte, and Biliran islands.
Examples: Some common phrases in Metropolitan Tacloban
- Maupay nga aga. – Good morning
- Taga diin ka? – Where are you from?
- Diri ako nakakaintindi / Diri ako nakakasabut. – I can’t understand.
4. Maranao – is a Malayo- Polynesian language spoken in Lanao del Norte and
Lanao del Sur in Mindanao and Sabah in Malaysia
Examples:
- Mala I arga so bangkala aka. – Your clothes are expensive.
- Mbaling siran imanto. – They are going home.
- Miyakailay ako sa pirak sa lalan. – I happened to see some money on the
road.
5. T’boli – is a member of the south Mindanao branch of the Philippine language
family. It is spoken on the island of Mindanao in southern Philippines, mainly in
south Cotabato province, and also in sultan kudarat and Sarangani province.
Examples:
- Mulu le sfu soging. (planted they shoot banana) – They planted banana
shoots.
- Knah – to dream(verb)
- Kulih – to laugh (verb)

Indigenized Variety

1. Philippine English – (similar or related to American English) is any variety of

English native to the Philippine, including those used by the media and the vast
majority of educated Filipinos. Due to highly multilingual nature of the
Philippine, code-switching such as taglish and bislish is prevalent across domain
from casual settings to formal situations.
 Examples:
- Bold
Associated or implying with pornography (adj) – Philippine English
meaning
Courageous or brave (adj) – Standard English meaning
- Cabaret
Strip club - Philippine English meaning
Live entertainment in a restaurant or night club – Standard English
meaning
- Commute
To travel by public transportation – Philippine English meaning
To travel between home and work – Standard English meaning
- Life Imprisonment
Reclusion Perpetua – Philippine English meaning
Life Sentence – Standard English meaning
- Rugby
Contact cement; rubber cement - Philippine English meaning
Ball game - Standard English meaning
2. Filipino Visayan – a variety that has the influence of the regional languages in
the area such as Cebuano, ,Ilingo/ Hiligaynon, Kiniray- a, Waray, Samarnon,
Aklanon, and many others.
-speakers of this language would prefer the use of the prefix mag in place
of the Tagalog suffix um.
Examples:
- magdating – instead of dumating
- nagkain – instead of kumain
- mag – ulan – instead of umulan
3. Philippine Hokkien – is a particular dialect of southern min language spoken by
part of the ethnic Chinese population in the Philippines.
Examples:
- Buwisit - (a bad luck that comes from “wisit” or lucky)
 - Suya – originally referred to “misfortune” but we understand as “disgust”
- Suki – long standing customer or client
4. Philippine Spanish – is a Spanish dialect and a variant of Spanish spoken in the
Philippines. They are an ethnic group who trace their ancestry to early Spanish
settlers and more recent arrivals or via Mexico who settled in the Philippines
during 16th and 20th century.
Examples:
- Lakwatsa – La cuacha – waste time by doing useless things
- Keso – Queso
- Hustisya – Justicia
5. Philippine Japanese – the Japanese first came to the Philippines around 11th
century CE as well as in the 15th century. There is a large community of Japanese
descendants in Laguna Province, Baguio, and in the Davao Region.
Examples:
- Bonsai – Bonsai – miniature potted plant; slang Short in height
- Tansan (bottle cup) – Tansan (carbonated drink)
- Karaoke – karaoke (empty orchestra) – literal meaning
ACTIVITY 3

POINT FOR DISCUSSION

There are about 200 countries in the world wherein different dialects and languages are
spoken. Surprisingly, the Philippines is not only known for its thousands of islands but also its
rich culture. One of these is the abundance of its native languages. There are about 120 to 187
languages spoken across the Philippine archipelago. As time passes by, these languages evolve
together with the humans' way of living. The majority of the Filipinos communicate using both
Tagalog and English in their daily conversations. As a result, slang words and phrases have
emerged from combining the two languages that gave birth to a new language called conyo.

Conyo refers to a language where people speak Taglish, a combination of English and
Filipino languages, in a particular way. Commonly, speakers of this language exhibit limited
knowledge of solely speaking one language. In the end, they need to code-switch to convey their
message resulting in using both languages in a single sentence. This language is notable among
youth in the upper class, who grew up speaking English as their primary language. With this,
rich kids are automatically considered users of the conyo language because of their social status.
Most people claim that these kids’ limited knowledge about Filipino or Tagalog only came from
their nannies, who have a hard time speaking pure English. However, as it became a trend, conyo
language has become a meme disease. With this, teenagers have also adapted and used it as a
way to communicate. People found it funny how others talk using the conyo language with the
tone they use when speaking. Meanwhile, other people used it to mock others.

Others may only see the conyo language as a combination of English and Filipino
languages. However, this language variety has a lot of unique characteristics other than speaking
in Taglish and using it in a single sentence. Surprisingly, they even have grammar and
expression rules that they call ten conyo-mandments. Number one on the list is by combining the
word "make" and a Filipino verb. Take this sentence as an example, "Let's make gala after
exams." Also, they always use the words “like”, “diba”, “eh” and “noh” in their sentences. In a
way, those words were like an additional accessory to the sentence. Other than that, they keep on
saying the word "so" together with a Filipino adjective. For example, "Our school vacation is so
bitin." As for boys, it's a must to use the words "dude", "pare", and "tsong" when talking to their
friends. They also like to use the words "you know?" and "I know, right" when expressing their
thoughts and opinions. Additionally, they even translate the last word of their sentence and use
you know while adding the English translation. For example, "Kakainis naman in LRT! How
plenty tao, you know, people?" Furthermore, people using conyo language loves speaking and
replying using abbreviations. For them, G means game or "I'm going" and CARPS means "are
you game?", which means it asks you if you're going with them. They even have their conyo
vocabulary wherein “deins” means no. Aside from these grammars, the way they speak and
pronounce the words also changes. Their voices change and turn into what Filipinos called
"maarte." Lastly, this characteristic of the conyo language is something I found people should
not be proud of. When speaking in a conyo language, people have a hard time knowing the right
grammar and intonation of words and sentences in Filipino.

In general, our group feels sad that these people are more immersed in using the conyo
language. Instead of focusing on improving their proper grammar and usage of our national and
universal language, they give importance to following their grammar rules. Conyo language can
be easily adapted and is almost everywhere. We might have unconsciously used it as well. Often,
people using this are being mocked and criticized by others. To avoid such criticisms, we believe
that people should focus on learning the proper usage of language with its appropriate tones.
Furthermore, it would be better if one can speak either English or Tagalog fluently when having
a conversation. In conclusion, there is nothing wrong with using the conyo language. Even other
people find it entertaining to listen to them talk. However, we should always know our
limitations in using this language. We, as citizens of our country, should give pride in speaking
in our national language while also giving importance to our universal language.
ACTIVITY 4

LANGUAGE REGISTERS

1. Formal

A CPA or an Accountant is an expert on fair value accounting. Accounting is

often called the “language of business” because it deals with interpreting and
communicating information about a company’s operations and finances. Accountant used
formal language register in the following situations, such as company meetings, talking
with clients, preparing accounting reports and the like to exhibit professionalism. An
example of situation where Accountant used formal language register is a company
meeting. Accountant holds an important role in business organization, likewise often part
of entity’s meeting about a company current situation. Organizations are usually having
monthly meeting to tackle the company’s situation in financial or non-financial
performance. However, sometimes there are sudden call for meeting because of problems
that needs an immediate response and solution. In situation where ABC Company
management call for emergency meeting due to major problem in terms of financial
performance that result to loss on profit. An accountant is called to discuss the detailed
information regarding the problem. An Accountant said that “Our products have gone to
a lower demand due to a new competition that results with minimum sale and loss on
profit”. The management asked for an idea or possible solution for the said problem. An
Accountant replied, “The best solution for this matter is that we have to make a new
advertisement.” The management agreed with the initial solution and prepare strategic
plan together with production, accounting and marketing team. The accounting
department prepare a formal forecasting report in relation with the strategic plan.
Businesses utilize forecasting to determine how to allocate their budgets or plan for
anticipated expenses for an upcoming period of time. In preparing accounting reports and
records an accountant used formal language to notes indicated with financial statement.
The notes are used to make important disclosure that explains the assumptions used to
prepare the financial statements of a company. Common notes to the financial statements
include accounting policies, depreciation of assets, inventory valuation, subsequent
events etc. This is an example of notes to financial statement done by an accountant.
 Resource:https://
corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/accounting/financial-statement-notes/

2. Casual
This language register is used when communicating with friends, close
acquaintances, colleagues, and family members. Also, this is usually used during birthday
parties or family gatherings. CPA testimonial is one of the sample situations where casual
language register is applied. CPA testimonial is a traditional event for JPIA family to
celebrate the achievements of our inspiring accountants. The purpose of this event is to
share inspirations from the stories of BSA students turned Certified Public Accountants.
 Provided below is a testimonial speech from Mr. Edmond Emperio, 9th Placer of the May
2012 CPA Board Examination.
https://philippinecpareview.blogspot.com/2012/06/inspiring-speech-of-mr-edmond-
emperio.html

3. Intimate

Intimate register is the highly informal language used among family members and
close friends, used to describe language used between persons who share a close
relationship or bond and may include private vocabulary known only to two people or a
small group, as well as nonverbal cues exclusive to the pair or group. This register would
take into account certain terms of endearment, slangs or expressions whose meaning is
shared with a small subset of persons. Linguists say that this register is reserved for
special occasions, usually between only two people and often in private. Intimate
language may be something as simple as an inside joke between two college friends or a
word whispered in a lover's ear. For example, lovers having special terms of endearment,
mothers giving pet names to their children based on some character trait and best friends
formulating slangs based on some shared past experience.

Sample dialogue using intimate language register:

(Talking are two close friends who are both accountants)

Accountant 1: I just finished my work today.

Accountant 2: Hmm, I hope I did the same.

Accountant 1: We need to chill out this weekend, I think.

Accountant 2: Yes! It has been a very busy and tiring week.

Accountant 1: Let’s go to our favourite “after graveyard shift- coffee stop”.

Accountant 2: It would be the best place to be!! How I wish it’s already Saturday!
4. Frozen
People should understand that different kinds of scenarios or situations call for
different language registers. When we talk about frozen language, at this level, language
is literally “frozen” in time and form. It rarely or does not change at all. This type of
language is often learned and repeated by rote. Examples include biblical verse, prayers,
the Pledge of Allegiance, and so forth. On the other hand, this language register is used
by our Certified Public Accountants on a very special manner. As we all know, they have
what is called their oath and that is considered a frozen language. It is because their oath
rarely changes or does not change over time. An example of the oath of Certified Public
Accountants in the Philippines was provided below.

Resource: http://picpa.com.ph/attachment/6262019111833962.pdf
5. Consultative

Good communication skill is an important aspect when you are working in

business industry. We use different language registers depending on the situation we are
in. Accountant is an expert on fair value accounting; thus, clients consult and seek
professional service. When an accountant understands how to conduct consultative
approach to clients, they can secure a good relationship and well managed transactions.
According to Katie Tolin, “being consultative does not mean telling the client all the
things you and your firm can do. It is about listening to your clients concerns and then
collaboratively coming up with ideas and recommendations that lead to helpful
solutions”. The accountant who does not take a consultative approach may risk the client,
it may result to discontented with the person who is supposed to be his or her trusted
advisor. Consultative approach may be challenging for an accountant because it requires
resisting from strictly analytical. These are some tips for building good relationship with
your clients during meetings. First, do your homework, it will help you be more prepared
to ask appropriate questions. It is best to do some research about your client to reaffirm
your understanding of the client’s history, customers, goals and competition. Second,
listen before you talk, let the client know you are interested and care to what he or she is
saying by taking notes during the meeting. Taking notes also serves as a reminder for
items that requires you to follow up after the meeting. Third, learn about your clients’
vision, this information allows you to provide relevant advice whether the discussion
centres on sales, succession planning or diversification. Fourth, provide anecdotes and
examples, always try to relate your message through conversation or storytelling
approach for better way of understanding. Describe similar situations and offer examples
of how others handled situations successfully. Fifth, save your clients time and effort.
Focus on the solutions and recommendations that will save their time and money. Sixth,
build a team approach, offer your clients an alternative contact if you are not available
and let your client choose who they are preferred with. This approach is quite common
for accountants sharing office space to have this backup contact arrangement. Lastly,
after a client meeting make it a practice to thank them for their time.
ACTIVITY 5

ON- Improving one’s Ability in Communicating in a Multicultural Setting

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Tcz-xPY-heaRNQm3xONmqOotn1djN3Z6/view?
usp=sharing