seen ] =

É seen > 81h - K )

k= -
so

8cm
h¥↳ impulse response
ucn )
51¥ ,
step response

EI : Accumulator

seen ) → Ds -3 yen
) =
É nee )

l= -
N

substituting aces by 5- (e)

É
=/
now See ) 41=0
ycn )
=
, see,
l= -
no 0
, otherwise
¥0
yco ) =
É sell = 1

f- - w

m¥ 1

yen =
I see> =
1
f- - n

n_ yl
-
1) =
É see) = O

l = - N

so
,
we can write
 {
1 ,
N
30
hln ) = YIM = =
"¥
o
,
otherwise

EI :
yln ) = £ seen -
K)

4=0

hln ) = 8 ( n - K) = Uln)

4=0

EI : ycn ) =
yl -13 t Ince )
1=0

=/
81-4+1 ,
nzo
hln ]

ye
-
D otherwise
,

EX__ : up -

Sampler
(E) I ↳ I

{
✗ D= 0 2L ,
- - .

, ,

yln ) =

, otherwise
,

SLI ) → exists for n=0

for a
-
= IL
; SHE ) =
84=1 ) = o

h ( n) =
Sch)
 step -

response : u / E) = 1 for

µ D= 0 L 2L
, ,
. . .

scn) = 8cm + Sch -

↳ t sch -
22) t . . .

scn ) =
[ SC n -
KL )

K=0

:
Interpolator

yen) = seen ) +
{ [nth -17 + until
]
t- Non -
Causal

Impulse response : hint

1
= SCM 1-
I[ sin -
1) + sent D)
Yz V2

>
n
-
I 0 I

step response
C- Cn)
1
=

2 22
Ulm +
f- [ ucn -
1) + ucntl
)]
4¥
- ' '

0 •
yy
O 1 2 3

£ 4212
- r r

a • • >y
O L 2

I Yz Yz Yz
r - .

•
> n
- i 0 1 2
 2 2
3,2 N
?2 Sch ) = 2
,
42 . . . .

> n

-
i i is
- 123

Response of LTI
System to arbitrary -7ps :
-

# Relaxed linear system

8th ) T→ h ( n )

say sch -
k) →T hln , K) ←
denoting
,

a < a < a N =
time index
K = location of Itp impulse

say ,
impulse of Ilp is sealed → Ck

then
response is also scaled by some amount

if Cy = RLK) then Cahen ,k) = KIK) hlhsk)

let Ilp : nln) =

arbitary signal
Ncn) =
I seen )8( n -
n)

K= -
N

response : T [ Nlm ]
yin )
=

=
1-
[ I seek ) Sin - n )
]
K= - w
 =
£ neck) 1- [ Sch w -
]
RE -
N

N
hcn.nl
yen )
=
I neck)

→ R= - N

superposition of linear system

0
Thus I h (
, Ylh ) = seek ) n
,
K)

[
19=-0

response of a linear system to

any
arbitrary Ttp mln ) .

# Valid for linear ( time variant)

-

system
Now
'

soey system is time -

invariant

if 81h) -1-7 hen ]

then Sln - n ) →T hln -

K)

£ hln ,
ycn )
time-invariant
=
xck ) K)

R= -
so

•
I
=
-2 neck) hln -
K)

R=-N

For a relaxed LTI System

0
Convolution
yen ) Inch )hCn ) :
sunk
= -
K

= -
so
ycn ) =
£ ninth ( n - k ) = ✗ ( n) * hln )
M
A- -
N

convolution
operator

ycn ) =
É NIM -
K ) hlk ) = hcn) * Ncn )

Re -
N