KEY Relative Clauses Theory and Ex Teacher Quang

TEACHER QUANG 0907744675 GENERAL GRAMMAR
RELATIVE CLAUSES & REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES

(MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ & MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ RÚT GỌN)
A. RELATIVE CLAUSES (MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ)

- Mệnh đề quan hệ (hay mệnh đề tính ngữ) bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó.
- Mệnh đề quan hệ được đặt sau danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa, được bắt đầu bằng các đại từ quan hệ:
WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT, WHOSE, và trạng từ quan hệ: WHERE, WHY,
WHEN.
Danh từ đứng trước Chủ ngữ Tân ngữ Sở hữu cách
(Antecedent) (Subject) (Object) (Possesive Case)
Người (person) who/that whom/that whose
Vật (Thing) which/that which/that of which/ whose
1. Đại từ quan hệ (Relative Clauses)
a. WHO: thay thế cho người, làm chủ từ trong MĐQH.
Ex: - I need to meet the boy. The boy is my friend’s son.
S V
 I need to meet the boy who is my friend’s son.
- The woman is standing over there. She is my sister.
S V
The woman who is standing over there is my sister.
b. WHO/ WHOM: thay thế cho người, làm túc từ trong MĐQH.
Ex:- I know the girl. I spoke to this girl.
S V O => whom
 I know the girl who/ whom I spoke to.
- The man is my teacher. Your father is talking to him.
 The man who/ whom your father is talking to is my teacher.
The man to whom your father is talking is my teacher.
c. WHICH: - thay thế vật, làm chủ từ, túc từ trong MĐQH.
Ex: - She works for a company. It makes cars.
S V
 She works for a company which makes cars.
- The elephants are big. People keep the elephants in iron cages.
S V O
 The elephants which people keep in iron cages are big.
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-Which có thể thay thế cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước nó

Ex: He passed his exam. This pleased his parents.
He passed his exam, which pleased his parents. (dùng dấu phẩy trước đại từ quan hệ)
Anh ta đã đậu kỳ thi, điều này đã làm hài lòng ba mẹ của anh ta.
d. THAT: thay thế cho WHO/ WHOM/ WHICH trong MĐQH hạn định
Ex: - I need to meet the boy that/ who is my friend’s son.
- The woman that/ who is standing over there is my sister.
- I know the girl that/ who/ whom I spoke to.
- The man that/ who/ whom your father is talking to is my teacher.
- She works for a company that/ which makes cars.
- The elephants that/ which people keep in iron cages are big.
* Những trường hợp bắt buộc dùng THAT:
1/ Sau cụm từ quan hệ vừa chỉ người và vật:
Ex: He told me the places and people that he had seen in London.
2/ Sau đại từ bất định: something, everything, nothing, anything, someone, no one, everyone
anyone, nobody, all, much ....
Ex: I’ll tell you something that is very interesting.
All that is mine is yours.
3/ Sau các tính từ so sánh nhất, the only, the first, the last, the second,…
Ex: - This is the most beautiful dress that I have.
- You are the only person that can help us.
4/ Trong cấu trúc nhấn mạnh It + be + … + that … (chính là …)
Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence.
(Chính là bạn tôi là người đã viết câu này.)
* Những trường hợp không dùng THAT:
- Trong mệnh đề tính từ không xác định. (sau dấu phẩy)
Ex: Mr Brown , that we studied English with , is a very nice teacher.
, whom
- Sau giới từ
Ex: The house in that I was born is for sale.
in which
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e. WHOSE (OF WHICH): thay thế cho sở hữu của người, vật (his-, her-, its-, their-).
Ex: - John found the cat. Its leg was broken.
 John found the cat whose leg was broken.
John found the cat the leg of which was broken.
- This is the student. I borrowed his book.
This is the student whose book I borrowed.
f. OF WHICH / OF WHOM:
Ex: - Daisy has three brothers. All of them are teachers.
 Daisy has three brothers , all of whom are teachers.
- He asked me a lot of questions. I couldn’t answer most of them.
 He asked me a lot of questions , most of which I couldn’t answer.
g. Giới từ đặt trước mệnh đề tính ngữ: (Prep + WHOM/WHICH)

Ex: - The man speaks English very fast. I talked to him last night.
 The man to whom I talked last night speaks English very fast.
- The house is for sale. I was born in it.
 The house in which I was born is for sale.
* LƯU Ý: KHÔNG dùng THAT sau giới từ.

2. Trạng từ quan hệ (Relative Adverbs)
a. WHERE = in/ on/ at ... which: thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn
Ex: - The movie theater is the place. We can see films at that place.
 The movie theater is the place where we can see films.
The movie theater is the place at which we can see films.
b. WHEN = in/ on which: thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ thời gian
Ex: - Do you remember the day. We first met on that day.
 Do you remember the day when we first met?
Do you remember the day on which we first met?
c. WHY = for which: thay thế cho cụm trạng từ chỉ lí do
Ex: - Tell me the reason. You are so sad for that reason.
 Tell me the reason why you are so sad.
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CÓ 2 LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ LIÊN HỆ:

RESTRICTIVE & NON-RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES
I. Restrictive Relative Clauses:
- Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước chưa được xác định rõ, nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chính sẽ
không rõ nghĩa.
Ex: - I saw the girl. She helped us last week.
 I saw the girl who/that helped us last week.
* LƯU Ý: Ta có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT khi chúng làm tân ngữ
trong MĐQH xác định.
II. Non-restritive Relative Clauses:
- Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước đã được xác định rõ (nó chỉ là phần giải thích thêm),
nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chính vẫn rõ nghĩa.
- Mệnh đề này ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy.
- Ta dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định khi:
+ Trước đại từ quan hệ có: this/that/these/those/my/her/his/…
+ Từ trước đại từ quan hệ là tên riêng, danh từ riêng, vật duy nhất, cụm trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn
Ex: - My father is a doctor. He is fifty years old.
 My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor.
- Mr. Brown is a very nice teacher. We studied English with him.
 Mr Brown, who we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.
- The sun made the traveller thirsty. It was hot at midday.
 The sun, which was hot at midday, made the traveller thirsty
- The boys in the next room are my students. They are making noise.
 The boys in the next room, who are making noise, are my students.
* LƯU Ý: + KHÔNG được bỏ đại từ quan hệ trong MĐQH không xác định.
B. REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES (RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ)

1) Dùng phân từ: (dùng V-ing hoặc V3/ed)
a) Dùng cụm V-ing : (Present Participle)
Dùng cho các mệnh đề mang nghĩa chủ động
Ex: a. The man who is standing there is my brother.
b. The man standing there is my brother.
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b) Dùng cụm Past Participle: (V3/ed)

Dùng cho các mệnh đề mang nghĩa bị động .
a. I like books which were written by Nguyen Du.
be + V3/ed => Passive
b. I like books written by Nguyen Du.
2) Dùng cụm to inf: (... Noun/ Pronoun + to infinitive / to be + P.P... )
N + to V / to be V3/ed
active passive
-Dùng khi danh từ đứng trước có các từ sau đây :
THE ONLY, THE LAST, THE FIRST, THE SECOND...
Ex: This is the only student who can do the problem. (động từ mang nghĩa chủ động)
This is the only student to do the problem.
-Động từ là HAVE
Ex: I have something that I must do now. (động từ mang nghĩa chủ động)
I have something to do now.
-Câu bắt đầu bằng: HERE (BE), THERE (BE)
Ex: There are six letters which have to be written today. (động từ mang nghĩa bị động)
There are six letters to be written today.
GHI NHỚ :
Trong phần to inf này cần nhớ 2 điều sau:
- Nếu chủ từ 2 mệnh đề khác nhau thì thêm cụm for sb trước to inf.
Ex: We have some picture books that children can read.
We have some picture books for children to read.
Tuy nhiên nếu chủ từ đó là đại từ có nghĩa chung chung như: we, you, everyone.... thì có thể
không cần ghi ra.
Ex: Studying abroad is the wonderful thing that we must think about.
Studying abroad is the wonderful (for us ) to think about.
- Nếu trước relative pronoun có giới từ thì phải đem xuống cuối câu.
Ex: We have a peg on which we can hang our coat.
We have a peg to hang our coat on.
3) Dùng cụm danh từ (đồng cách danh từ )
Dùng khi mệnh đề quan hệ có dạng:
S + BE + DANH TỪ /CỤM DANH TỪ/CỤM GIỚI TỪ
Cách làm:
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-bỏ who ,which và be

Ex: a. Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health.
 Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health.
 Football, a popular sport, is very good for health.
Ex: b. Do you like the book which is on the table?
Do you like the book on the table?
Reduce Relative Clauses: Bảng công thức rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ
Noun pharse + who/whom/which/that + V
Active Passive
(không phải Passive thì là Active) (có cấu trúc be + V3/ed)
Trường hợp thường V-ing V3/ed
Trường hợp đặc biệt
-The first, the second, the only, the last,…
-so sánh nhất: the most, the best, adj-est,… to V to be V3/ed
-cụm từ chỉ mục đích
1. Luggage that is left unattended will be taken away by police.

Trường hợp thường => S be V3/ed => Passive => rút gọn thành V3/ed
 Luggage left unattended will be taken away by police.
2. The nurse who is looking after my aunt is very kind to her.

Trường hợp thường => S be V-ing => Active => rút gọn thành V-ing
 The nurse looking after my aunt is very kind to her.
3. Tom Cruise is the most famous actor who appears on stage here.
Trường hợp đặc biệt (so sanh nhat) => S Vs/es
=> Active => rút gọn thành to V
 Tom Cruise is the most famous actor to appear on stage here.
4. The secretary was the only person who was offered a pay rise.
Trường hợp đặc biệt (the only) => S be V3/ed
=> Passive => rút gọn thành to be V3/ed
 The secretary was the only person to be offered a pay rise.
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PHƯƠNG PHÁP LÀM BÀI LOẠI RÚT GỌN:

Bước 1 :
- Tìm xem mệnh đề tính từ nằm chổ nào
-Bước này dễ vì mệnh đề tính từ thường bắt đầu bằng WHO,WHICH,THAT...
Bước 2 :
-Bước này chủ yếu là rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ thành cụm từ
1. Nhìn xem mệnh đề có công thức S + BE + CỤM DANH TỪ không ? Nếu có
áp dụng công thức 3 .
2. Nếu không có công thức đó thì xem tiếp trứoc who which... có các dấu hiệu
first ,only...v..v không ,nếu có thì áp dụng công thức 2 (to V ) lưu ý thêm xem
2 chủ từ có khác nhau không (để dùng for sb )
3. Nếu không có 2 trừong hợp trên mới xét xem câu đó chủ động hay bị động
mà dùng V-NG hay P.P..
RELATIVE CLAUSES & REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES

(MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ & MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ RÚT GỌN)
EXERCISE: Choose the best answer
1. My sister, _______ you are talking about, has been to Paris several times.
Nperson O S V
A. which B. whom C. that D. whose
2. John was the only student _______ didn’t pass the examination.
the only => bắt buộc dùng THAT
A. whom B. which C. when D. that
3. I don’t like the film _______ we saw last week.
Nthing O S V
A. who B. whose C. which D. whom
4. My sister , _______ you met yesterday , wants to speak to you.
Nperson O S V
A. which B. when C. whom D. where
5. Her father , _______ has been to Paris , has just returned.
Nperson S V
A. why B. which C. who D. whose
6. The hat _______ Tom is wearing is very expensive.
Nthing O S V
A. whose B. who C. whom D. which
7. I met the people, cattle and vehicles _______ went to market.
người + vật => dùng THAT
A. who B. which C. that D. whom
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8. She is the woman _______ sits next to me in class.

Nperson S V
A. why B. who C. which D. whom
9. I enjoyed talking with the man _______ I sat next to on the plane.
Nperson O S V
A. whose B. whom C. which D. what
10. The people _______ I invited to the meeting used to live in Mexico.
Nperson O S V
A. whose B. which C. where D. whom
11. Mr. Green is the man _______ I was talking about.
Nperson O S V
A. whose B. which C. when D. who
12. A deaf person is the one _______ is not able to hear.
Nperson S V
13. The woman _______ I called last night gave me some information.
Nperson O S V
A. where B. whose C. which D. whom
14. The movie _______ we saw last night was terrific.
Nthing O S V
15. This film was made by Steven Spielberg, _______ has won several Oscar Prizes.
Nperson S V
16. The boy _______ sang the song “Happy New Year” last night is a good student.
Nperson S V
17. She bought me this new pair of shoes , _______ didn’t fit me well.
Nthing S V
18. Mrs. May, _______ husband teaches mathematics in this school, is also a teacher of English.
whose + N
19. I will see you near the post office ______ the other day.
A. which met B which we met C. where met D. where we met
20. What is the name of the man ___________ you the money?
Nperson S V O
Tên của người đàn ông người mà đã cho bạn mượn tiền là gì?
A. he lent B. lent C. that lending D. who lent
21. The engineers designed the building received an award.
Nperson S V
Những kỹ sư người mà đã thiết kế tòa nhà này đã nhận được 1 giải thưởng.
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
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22. A keystone species is a species of plants and animals _________ absence has a
major effect on an ecological system. whose + N V
1 loài quan trọng là 1 loài động vật hay thực vật mà sự vắng mặt của loài đó có 1
ảnh hưởng chính lên 1 hệ sinh thái. (ví dụ: san hô – coral reef, ong – bee,…)
A. which B. its C. whose D. with its
23. William Samuel Johnson, helped write the Constitution, became the
Nperson S V
first president of Columbia College in 1787.
William Samuel Johnson, người mà đã giúp viết Hiến Pháp, đã trở thành chủ
tịch đầu tiên của đại học Columbia vào năm 1787.
William Samuel
A. whom he had B. who had C. and he had D. had
24. My mother , , enjoys hill walking. => sau dấu phẩy hoặc giới từ KHÔNG dùng THAT
Nperson S V
Mẹ tui, người mà 70 tuổi, thích việc leo đồi.
A. whom is in her seventies B. that is in her seventies
C. which is in her seventies D. who is in her seventies
25. My new book , , is very interesting. => sau dấu phẩy KHÔNG dùng THAT
Nthing S V
A. that is on wild animals B. is on wild animals
C. which is on wild animals D. to be on wild animals
26. She’s one of the kindest people I’ve ever known.
the kindest => so sánh nhất => bắt buộc dùng THAT
Cô ta là 1 trong những người tử tế nhất mà tui đã từng biết.
A. that B. whose C. who D. which
27. The doctor is examining a patient was taken to hospital last night.
Nperson S V
Bác sĩ đang khám cho 1 bệnh nhân người mà đã được đưa đi đến bệnh viện tối hôm qua.
28. She lives in the house ______________.
Nthing S V O
A. which has the red door B. has the red door
S V O
C. that with the red door D. with its red door
29. Mark Twain is an author I like best.
Mark Twain là 1 tác giả người mà có những cuốn sách tui thích nhất.
A. his books B. that books C. the book of whom D. whose books
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30. Express Money Transfer is one of the quickest ways _ helps us to send money.
the quickest => so sánh nhất => bắt buộc dùng THAT
Chuyển tiền tốc hành là 1 trong những cách nhanh nhất cái mà giúp chtui gửi tiền.
A. who B. whose C. when D. that
31. She gives her children everything _____________ they want.
sau đại từ bất định: every/any/no/some + thing/body/one => luôn dùng THAT
A. that B. who C. whom D. what
32. What was the name of the girl ____________ passport was stolen?
whose + N
Tên của cô gái người mà có hộ chiếu bị mất là gì?
A. whose B. who C. which D. when
33. The bed in ____________ I slept was too soft.

Nthing O S V
A. whose B. which C. what D. who
=> The bed where I slept was too soft. => in which = where
34. Nora is the only person ____________ understands me.
the only => TH đặc biệt => bắt buộc dùng THAT
A. which B. who C. that D. whose
35. Why do you always disagree with everything ____________ I say?
A. who B. which C. when D. that
36. This is an awful film. It is the worst ____________ I have never seen.
the worst: tệ nhất => so sánh nhất => bắt buộc dùng THAT
Đây là 1 bộ phim kinh khủng. Nó là bộ phim tệ nhất tui đã từng xem.
A. who B. that C. what D. whom
37. What was the name of the people ____________ car had broken down.
whose + N
38. I recently went back to the town in ____________ I was born.
in which = where: nơi mà
A. what B. that C. who D. which
39. I don't agree with ____________ you have just said.
prep + whom/which
Tui không đồng ý với những gì bạn vừa nói.
A. what B. who C. when D. which
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40. She told me her address ____________ I wrote on a piece of paper.

Nthing O S V
Cô ta đã nói với tui địa chỉ của cô ta cái mà tui đã viết lên 1 mẩu giấy.
A. what B. which C. when D. where
41. Do you know the girl to ____________ Tom is talking?
prep + whom/which
A. what B. whom C. which D. whose
42. I gave her all the money ____________ I had.
all + N => bắt buộc dùng THAT
A. that B. what C. when D. whose
43. The stories ____________ Tom tells are usually very funny.
Nthing O S V
A. when B. that C. where D. who
44. I met the woman ____________ can speak 6 languages.
Nperson S V
45. Have you seen the money ____________ was on the table?
Nthing S V
A. who B. which C. where D. whom
46. Where is the picture ____________ was on the wall?
Nthing S V
A. when B. where C. which D. who
47. I don't like people ____________ never stop talking.
Nperson S V
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
48. Why does she always wear clothes ____________ are too small for her?
Nthing S V
A. which B. who C. whose D. where
49. Have you ever seen the photographs ____________ Ann took?
Nthing O S V
A. when B. where C. that D. who
50. Everybody ____________ went to the party enjoyed it very much.
A. that B. whose C. which D. who
51. The boy ________ I lent my money is poor.
Nperson O S V => lent sth to sb : cho ai mượn cái gì
prep + whom/which
A. to that B. to who C. to whom D. whom
52. The meeting hall ___________ they had the press conference is spacious.
Nplace adv S V => where = in which
Hội trường họp nơi mà họ có buổi họp báo thì rất là rộng rãi.
A. which B. where C. in which D. either B or C
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53. The freezing point is the temperature water turns into ice.
Điểm đông là nhiệt độ tại tại điểm mà nước chuyển thành băng.
A. at which B. where C. when D. which
54. The man showed us the cage he kept a fierce lion.
Người đàn ông đã chỉ cho chúng tui cái chuồng cái mà anh ta nhốt con sư tử hung dữ trong đó.
keep in sth : giữ trong cái gì đó
A. which B. that C. in which D. in that
55. I have lost the key to the drawer _________the papers are kept.
Tui đã làm mất cái chìa khóa trong cái ngăn kéo cái mà những tờ giấy được giữ trong đó.
keep in sth : giữ trong cái gì đó
A. which B. that C. in which D. in where
56. He gave me great help __________ I am extremely grateful.
Anh ta đã đưa cho tui sự giúp đỡ rất lớn cái mà tui cực kỳ biết ơn cho.
be grateful for : biết ơn cho
A. for which B. of which C. which D. that
57. Many diseases__________people died years ago are now no longer dangerous.
Nhiều căn bệnh cái mà người ta đã chết vì nhiều năm trước bây giờ không còn nguy hiểm nữa.
A. at which B. for which C. by which D. of which
die of/from something to die of/from cancer (= cancer is the cause of death)
die with something A further 156 people have died with Covid-19 (= they had the disease when they died).
die for something He was ready to die for his cause.
58. The historical facts__________this document bases are worth considering.

Những sự thật lịch sử cái mà tài liệu này dựa vào thì đáng để xem xét.
base on sth : dựa vào/trên cái gì đó
A. about which B. at which C. for which D. on which
59. There is one person__________I owe more than I can say.
Có 1 người người mà tui nợ nhiều hơn những gì tui có thể nói.
owe sth to sb : nợ cái gì từ ai đó
A. from whom B. to whom C. on whom D. in whom
60. It was a kind of computer software__________ I am not familiar.
Nó đã là 1 phần mềm máy tính cái mà tui không quen thuộc với.
familiar with sth : quen thuộc với ….
A. with that B. to that C. to which D. with which
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61. The boy ___________ the piano is my son.

The boy who is playing the piano is my son.
that is playing
playing
A. who is playing B. that is playing C. playing D. all are correct
=> rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ
62. Thousands of people ________ along the roads waited to watch the bicycle racing.
Hàng ngàn người đang đứng dọc theo con đường đã đợi để xem cuộc đua xe đạp.
Trường hợp thường => S V => Active => rút gọn thành V-ing
Thousands of people who are standing  Thousands of people standing
A. to stand B. that stand C. standing D. stood
63. I pulled off the sheets ___________ the furniture.
Tui đã kéo những tấm vải cái mà đang bao phủ đồ nội thất.
the sheets which are covering  the sheets covering
A. to cover B. covered C. that covering D. covering
64. Did you see the opening ceremony__________ on TV last night?
Bạn đã xem buổi lễ khai mạc cái mà được chiếu trên TV tối qua chưa?
the opening ceremony which are shown  the opening ceremony shown
A. which showed B. shown C. showing D. was shown
65. I saw many houses __________ by the storm.
Tui đã thấy nhiều ngôi nhà cái mà đã bị phá hủy bởi cơn bão.
many houses which were destroyed  many houses destroyed
A. destroyed B. destroying C. were destroyed D. to destroy
66. She is the only one in the discussion _______ to using nuclear power.
Cô ấy là người duy nhất trong cuộc thảo luận người mà phản đối việc sử dụng năng lượng hạt nhân.
Trường hợp đặc biệt (the only) => S V => Active => rút gọn thành to V
the only one in the disscussion who objects  the only one in the disscussion to object
A. objects B. objected C. to object D. whom objects
13
67. The old man _______ a black suit is a famous energy researcher.
Ông lão người mà đang mặc bộ vest màu đen là 1 nhà nghiên cứu năng lượng nổi tiếng.
the old man who is wearing  the old man wearing
A. to wear B. wearing C. whom is wearing D. is wearing
68. John was the last applicant _______ for a position in that energy station.
John đã là ứng cử viên cuối cùng người mà được phỏng vấn cho vị trí ở trạm năng lượng đó.
Trường hợp đặc biệt (the last) => S be V3/ed => Passive => rút gọn thành to be V3/ed
the last applicant that was interviewed  the last applicant to be interviewed
A. which is interviewed B. interview
C. interviewing D. to be interviewed
69. The musicians _______ yesterday have played together for many years.
Những nhạc công chúng ta đã nghe hôm qua đã chơi cùng nhau được nhiều năm.
A. to who we listened B. who we listened to
C. to that we listened D. to whom we listened
prep + whom / which
70. Many scientists have claimed that _______ like music are often good at Maths.
Nhiều nhà khoa học đã tuyên bố rằng trẻ em những đứa mà thích âm nhạc thì thường giỏi Toán.
A. children B. children who
C. children whom D. whose children
71. The student _______ had an impressive record.
Học sinh đó người mà giải thưởng được trao tặng cho đã có 1 kỷ lục ấn tượng.
A. the prize was awarded B. that the prize was awarded
C. to whom the prize was awarded D. who the prize was awarded
prep + whom / which
72. I think it was your Dad _______. Tui nghĩ rằng chính ba của bạn là người đã gọi.
it was + ….. + that => Cấu trúc nhấn mạnh
A. phoned B. to phone C. that phoned D. which phoned
14
73. Airplanes _______ in the twentieth century is one of the sources of pollution.
Airplanes which were invented  Airplanes invented
Những chiếc máy bay được sản xuất trong thế kỷ 20 là 1 trong những nguồn ô nhiễm.
A. which invented B. to invent C. invented D. that is invented
74. She has two grown children, both of _______ live abroad.
prep + whom/ which
Cô ta có 2 đứa con đã trưởng thành, cả 2 người đó đều sống ở nước ngoài.
A. who B. whom C. that D. whose
75. I pulled off the sheets _______the furniture.
the sheets which is covering  the sheets covering
Tui đã kéo khỏi những tấm thảm đang bao phủ đồ nội thất.
A. to cover B. covered C. that covering D. covering
76. The nuclear power plant _______ last year will come to operate tomorrow.
the nuclear power plant which was completed  the nuclear power plant completed
Cái nhà máy điện hạt nhân đã được hoàn thành năm ngoái sẽ đi vào vận hành vào ngày mai.
A. which completed B. to complete C. completed D. completing
15
77. Lady Astor was the first woman _______ her seat in Parliament.
Trường hợp đặc biệt => S V2/ed => Active => rút gọn thành to V
the first woman who took  the first woman to take
Quý cô Astor đã là người phụ nữ đầu tiên có được chỗ ngồi trong Nghị Viện.
A. take B. to take C. taking D. who takes
78. Do you remember the time _______we first visited London?
the time when = the time at which : vào lần/ thời điểm khi mà….
Bạn có nhớ thời gian khi mà chúng ta lần đầu tiên gặp nhau ở Luân Đôn không?
A. which B. when C. that D. on that
79. Do you know the reason_______ she quit her job?
the reason why = the reason for which : lí do tại sao….
Bạn có biết lí do tại sao cô ta nghỉ việc không?
A. that B. which C. when D. why
80. The park _______ I used to jog in has been demolished.
the park where = the park in which : công viên nơi mà….
Cái công viên tại nơi mà tui đã từng chạy bộ tập thể dục đã bị phá hủy.
A. which B. where C. in which D. in where
The park which I used to jog in has been demolished.
The park in which I used to jog has been demolished.
The park where I used to jog has been demolished.
81. Water is one of the precious resources _______for our life.
prep + whom/ which depend on/upon: phụ thuộc vào
Nước là 1 trong những nguồn tài nguyên quý giá cái mà cuộc sống của chúng ta phụ thuộc vào.
A. we depend on which B. which we depend
C. on which we depend D. on that we depend
82. The areas _______are destroyed suffer a lot from soil erosion.
whose + N : cái mà của ai đó/ cái gì đó
Những khu vực khu mà có cây bị phá hủy đương đầu với nhiều sự xói mòn đất trồng.
A. which trees B. whose trees C. that trees D. trees which
83. I never forget the time _______ I first visit Cat Tien National Park.
the time when = the time at which : vào lần/ thời điểm khi mà….
Tui không bao giờ quên thời điểm khi mà tui viếng thăm công viên QG Cát Tiên lần đầu tiên.
A. when B. why C. where D. on that
16
84. I have to leave for London tomorrow, _____ means I cannot go to the party with you.
which
Tui phải rời để đến London ngày mai, điều này có nghĩa là tui không thể đi tiệc với bạn.
A. that B. which C. when D. why
85. Do you think that we are using up the resources _______ for our survival?
which are necessary = that are necessary
Bạn nghĩ rằng chta đang dùng hết những nguồn tài nguyên cần thiết cho sự sinh tồn của chta không?
A. are necessary B. that are necessary C. which necessary D. that necessary
86. Rain forests are places _______ people harvest wood, delicious fruits, and powerful medicine.
places where = places in which : những nơi nơi mà….
Rừng mưa là những nơi tại nơi mà người ta thu hoạch gỗ, trái cây ngon, và thuốc mạnh mẽ.
A. in which B. in that C. in where D. which
87. I wonder about _____ human beings are destroying the environment so seriously.
the reason why = the reason for which : lí do tại sao….
Tui tự hỏi về lí do tại sao con người đang phá hủy môi trường này nghiêm trọng như thế.
A. the reason that B. that reason
C. the reason in which D. the reason for which
88. The authority gathered those villagers _____ they explained the importance of forests.
prep + whom/ which explain to: giải thích cái gì cho ai
Chính quyền tụ tập những dân làng người mà họ đã giải thích tầm quan trọng của rừng cho.
A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to that
89. The energy _______ by the windmill drives all the drainage pumps.
The enery which was produced  The energy produced
Năng lượng này được sản xuất bởi những cối xay gió sẽ chạy tất cả các ống bơm cống.
A. that is producing B. which produces C. producing D. produced
17
90. They are making an artificial lake _______ water for the area.
Cụm từ chỉ mục đích : to V = in oder to V = so as to V : để làm gì đó => đây là TH đặc biệt
Họ đang xây 1 cái hồ nhân tạo để cung cấp nước cho khu vực này.
A. which is provide B. that provided C. to provide D. provide
91. The best place in which we can practise English is the staff-room.
Đây là TH đặc biệt => Rút gọn mđqh theo dạng active thành to V
The best place in which we can practice English = the best place for us to practice English
Nơi tốt nhất nơi mà chúng ta có thể luyện tiếng Anh là phòng nhân viên.
A. The best place is the staff-room for practising English.
B. The best place is the staff-room to practise English.
C. The best place for practising English us is the staff-room.
D. The best place for us to practise English is the staff-room.
Nơi tốt nhất cho chúng ta để luyện tập tiếng Anh là phòng nhân viên.
92. There are a lot of people. The people like to do things together.
A. There are a lot of people whom like to do things together.
B. There are a lot of people who like to do things together.
C. There are a lot of people who like do things together.
D. There are a lot of people like to do things together.
93. Sue lives in a house. The house is opposite my house.
Nthing S V
The house đang đứng vai trò là S nên không thể dụng adv where được
A. Sue lives in a house where is opposite my house.
B. Sue lives in a house which is opposite my house.
C. Sue lives in a house who is opposite my house.
D. Sue lives in a house and which is opposite my house.
94. That old house ___________________.
Lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ và động từ theo sau với điều kiện:
1/ trước đại từ quan hệ không có dấu phẩy
2/ trước đại từ quan hệ không có giới từ
the old house which was at the end.... the old house at the end...
Ngôi nhà cũ đó cái mà nằm ở cuối con đường đã bị bán.
A. at the end of the road has been sold.
B. has been sold at the end of the road.
18
C. at the end of the road has sold.

D. they have sold at the end of the road.
95. ________ is considered to be the most popular, is also my favorite.
A. Football which B. Football, that C. Football, which D. Football
96. The football season is the time ___________ thousands of football fans crowd into the stadium
to watch their favorite teams.
A. where B. which C. at that D. when
97. Athletes do their best to win medals __________ to winners as awards.
A. which give B. are give C. to give D. given
98. Each country sends its best athletes _______ participation expresses the friendship and
solidarity.
A. who B. which C. that D. whose
99. The man __________ a black suit is a football referee.
A. to wear B. wearing C. who wear D. wears.
100. Fencing was first introduced at the 13th Asian Games, _________ in Bangkok. Thailand in
1998.
A. to be held B. holding C. when was held D. which was held
101. He took out a photo of Pélé, _______ he adored.
A. whose B. whom C. that D. which
102. The death of his son was an experience from ______ he never fully recovered.
A. when B. why C. that D. which
103. They are talking about ______________ they are looking at.
A. David Beckham is picture B. David Beckham’s picture
C. David Beckham, which picture D. David Beckham, whose picture
104. This is a picture in the newspaper of a high jumper _________ leg was seriously hurt.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. that
105. This is the novel ____ I’ve been expecting.
A. that B. which C. x (nothing) D. All are correct
106. I’m not the man ____ you are looking for?
A. that B. x (nothing) C. whom D. A, B or C
107. He rang James, ____ a good friend as well as his trainer.
A. who was B. that was C. being D. to be
108. That is Mr. Pike, a referee, ____ I told you about.
A. that B. which C. whom D. whose
19
109. I like the book ____ you lent me last week.

A. who B. when C. where D. Φ
110. The girl ________ hair is red is my sister.
A. which B. she C. whom D. whose
111. I will never forget the time __________ he loved me
A. when he said B. when he says C. at that he said D. saying
112. Those __________ to be an athlete have to train themselves a lot.
A. who want B. which want C. to want D. wanted
113. Anyone ________ as a referee in a sporting event must be honest.
A. that works B. to work C. works D. worked
114. The man _______ a black suit is a football referee.
A. to wear B. wearing C. who wear D. wears
115. ___________ is considered to be the most popular, is also my favorite.
A. Football which B. Football, that C. Football, which D. Football
116. The football season is the time __________ thousands of football fans crowd into the stadium
to watch their favorite team.
A. where B. which C. at that D. when
117. The death of his son was an experience from __________ he never fully recovered.
A. when B. why C. that D. which
118. There were lots of people __________ in the heavy rain to wait for a rescue team.
A. who stands B. standing C. stood D. to stand
119. It is not a sport ___________ a great deal of thought.
A.to which I devote B. to that I devote C. I devote D. devoting
120. We have to make good preparations ________ an important part of the Games.
A. to be B. which are C. been D. are
WRITING
Task 2: Rewrite the following sentences by using relative clauses:
1. I like the dog which my cousin is keeping.
 _________________________________________________________________.
2. The beefsteak which we had for lunch was really tasteful.
 _________________________________________________________________.
3. We decide to join this club, which my father recommended.
 _________________________________________________________________.
4. The novel which I read so many times was so interesting.
20
 _________________________________________________________________.
5. The woman whom I visited yesterday was very strict.
 _________________________________________________________________.
6. Have you ever seen the man who was called the King of football?
Have you ever seen the man ____________________________________________?

7. I took part in the contest which was sponsored by LG Company.
I took part in the contest _______________________________________________

8. He read “The Old Man and the Sea”, which was written by Ernest Hemingway.
He read “The Old Man and the Sea”, ________________________________________

9. The first person who comes to the room must turn on the lights.
Trường hợp đặc biệt (the first) => S Vs/es
=> Active => rút gọn thành to V
 The first person to come to the room must turn on the lights.
10. The fifth man who was interviewed was completely unsuitable.
Trường hợp đặc biệt (the fifth) => S be + V3/ed
=> Passive => rút gọn thành to V
The fifth man to be interviewed was completely unsuitable.
11. He works in a company that makes cars.

Trường hợp thường (a company) => S Vs/es
=> Active => rút gọn thành V-ing
→ He works in a company making cars.
12. What was the name of the man who you met yesterday?
→ What was the name of the man ________________________________.
13. This is the best book which you can read on a long flight.
→ This is the best book ________________________________________.
14. The manager who I wanted to see was away on holiday.
→ The manager ______________________________________________.
15. The window that was broken has now been repaired.
Trường hợp thường (the window) => S be + V3/ed
=> Passive => rút gọn thành V3/ed
→ The window broken has now been repaired.
21
16. The Olympic snowboarding event was exciting. Many people watched it on TV
 _____________________________________________________________________
17. The film is about a king. His ambition was to rule the world
 _____________________________________________________________________
18. Manchester is the largest city in the UK. My brother lives there.
 _____________________________________________________________________
19. We have not decided the day. I’ll go to London on that day
 _____________________________________________________________________
20. We flew to New York in the Concorde. It is the fastest passenger plane in the world
 _____________________________________________________________________
21. Borges was a wonderful writer. He never won the Nobel Prize.
 _____________________________________________________________________
22. The wild ox which is kept at Nam Cat Tien National Park is of a special kind.
(reduced relative clauses)
 _____________________________________________________________________
23. The helicopter which was flying toward the lake made a low droning sound.
(reduced relative clauses)
 _____________________________________________________________________
24. There are a number of factors. We have no control over them.
(preposition + whom/which)
 _____________________________________________________________________
25. I couldn’t understand the woman. I talked to her on the phone.
 _____________________________________________________________________
16. The Olympic snowboarding event was exciting. Many people watched it on TV.
 The Olympic snowboarding event , which many people watched on TV , was exciting.
22
17. The film is about a king. His ambition was to rule the world.
 The film is about a king whose ambition was to rule the world.
18. New York City is the largest city in the US. My brother lives there.
 New York City , where my brother lives , is the largest city in the US.
19. We have not decided the day. I’ll go to London on that day.
 We have not decided the day when I’ll go to London.
We have not decided the day on which I’ll go to London.
20. We flew to New York in the Concorde. It is the fastest passenger plane in the world.
 We flew to New York in the Concorde , which is the fastest passenger plane in the world.
21. Borges was a wonderful writer. He never won the Nobel Prize.
23
 Borges , who never won the Nobel Prize , was a wonderful writer.
Borges was a wonderful writer who never won the Nobel Prize.
22. The wild ox which is kept at Nam Cat Tien National Park is of a special kind.
TH thường => S be V3/ed => Passive => rút gọn thành V3/ed
(reduce relative clauses) => rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ
 The wild ox kept at Nam Cat Tien National Park is of a special kind.
23. The helicopter which was flying toward the lake made a low droning sound.
TH thường => S be V-ing => Active => rút gọn thành V-ing
(reduce relative clauses) => rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ
 The helicopter flying toward the lake made a low droning sound.
study => studied / studying =/= fly/ flew/ flown : bay
24. There are a number of factors. We have no control over them.

 There are a number of factors over which we have no control.
Có nhiều nhân tố mà chúng tôi không thể kiểm soát được.
25. I couldn’t understand the woman. I talked to her on the phone.
 I couldn’t understand the woman to whom I talked on the phone.
24

KEY Relative Clauses Theory and Ex Teacher Quang

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KEY Relative Clauses Theory and Ex Teacher Quang

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TEACHER QUANG 0907744675 GENERAL GRAMMAR

RELATIVE CLAUSES & REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES

A. RELATIVE CLAUSES (MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ)

-Which có thể thay thế cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước nó

g. Giới từ đặt trước mệnh đề tính ngữ: (Prep + WHOM/WHICH)

- The house is for sale. I was born in it.

 The house in which I was born is for sale.

* LƯU Ý: KHÔNG dùng THAT sau giới từ.

CÓ 2 LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ LIÊN HỆ:

B. REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES (RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ)

b) Dùng cụm Past Participle: (V3/ed)

-bỏ who ,which và be

1. Luggage that is left unattended will be taken away by police.

2. The nurse who is looking after my aunt is very kind to her.

PHƯƠNG PHÁP LÀM BÀI LOẠI RÚT GỌN:

RELATIVE CLAUSES & REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES

8. She is the woman _______ sits next to me in class.

33. The bed in ____________ I slept was too soft.

40. She told me her address ____________ I wrote on a piece of paper.

die for something He was ready to die for his cause.

58. The historical facts__________this document bases are worth considering.

61. The boy ___________ the piano is my son.

C. at the end of the road has sold.

109. I like the book ____ you lent me last week.

Have you ever seen the man ____________________________________________?

I took part in the contest _______________________________________________

He read “The Old Man and the Sea”, ________________________________________

11. He works in a company that makes cars.

 We have not decided the day when I’ll go to London.

We have not decided the day on which I’ll go to London.

24. There are a number of factors. We have no control over them.

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