CBT 1AB Minggu 2, Genap 2022.

CBT 8 SHIP HANDLING AND

MANOEUVRING
Basic Ship Handling and Manoeuvring.

Welcome to the computer based training course.

Basic Ship Handling and manoeuvring.
This CBT is based on 4 separate parts, related to basic performance and practices on board: Navigation,
Voyage planning, mooring, rigging and slinging. References are made to IMO Model Course 7.03 Vol.1,
Module 1 Navigation and 7.03 Vol.1, Module 6 – Ship Handling and Manoeuvring.

❖ INTRODUCTION TO NAVIGATION

Navigation can be divided into 4 main primary classification :

1. Piloting. 2. Dead reckoning. 3. Celestial navigation. 4. Radio navigation.

1. Piloting is defined as the determination of position and direction of ship’s movement, involving
frequent or continuous reference to landmarks, aids to navigation and depth soundings.

2. Dead reckoning derives from “deduced” or dead reckoning – the process by which a vessel’s position
was deduced or computed trigonometrically in relation to a known point of departure.
Dead reckoning is usually a process carried out as a vessel proceeds along its passage. It can however
be done in advance to plot an intended track.

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3. Celestial navigation is the determination of ship’s position by observing the celestial bodies, the
such as the sun, moon, planets and stars.

4. Radio navigation is the determination of position and course direction by using data from radio
waves received and processed on board a vessel. Radar navigation and satellite navigation play a
primary role in this classification.
Chapter 1 The History of Navigation.
● Rules and regulations.
IMO Model Course 7.03 Vol.1, Module 1 – Navigation.

● Objective/s: A historical review of early sailings.

History : “The first and most principall Thing for any seafaring Man is to know what Part
of the Earth ye meaneth to go”. (William Bourne, 1574).

Introduction to Navigation
@1999 Seagull AS, All right reserved, Version A, April 1999.
No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or otherwise copied without
prior permission from: Seagull AS, P.O.Box 1062, N-3194 Horten, Norway.

The objective of this “Introduction to Navigation” CBT, as a training module, is to give the maritime
student an introduction to navigation by helping him to assess the vessel’s position and a safe course
to steer.

What is the IMO?

The UN established International Maritime Organisation (IMO) in 1948.
The main purpose of the organisation was originally, and still is, to monitor and improve safety at sea.
Later the IMO was also assigned other tasks, such as preventing pollution of the sea, and setting
standards for training and certification of seafarers etc.
The IMO headquarters are located in London and approximately 300 people from many different
countries work there. As the IMO is a technical organisation most of the work is done by committee
and sub-committee. Some of the better-known committees are:
1. The Maritime Safety Committee: has a number of subcommittees, all working with different aspects
of safety at sea.
2. The Technical Co-operative Committee: responsible for providing technical assistance to the
maritime area.
3. The Legal Committee: deals with all legal tasks arising in connection with the IMO’s work.
4. Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for seafarers work with spesification of
minimum standards for training of seafarers.

Although the IMO’s main work is concentrated around safety at sea, the IMO also paticipate in other
aspects of shipping. One example is the IMO’s work with establishing sea lanes in order to improve
the traffic flow in some areas.

The skill of the navigator.

To assess the vessel’s position and a safe course to steer, the navigator has to collect information,
evaluate it and then make a decision.

Our ancestors.
The mariner’s sundial had a pointer in the direction to sail.
Establishing position at sea.
In the Northern Hemisphere, the Latitude can easily be found by measuring the Pole Star’s elevation.
- The seaman’s quadrant
- The astrolabe
- The cross-staff, or Jacob’s staff
- The back-staff
The quest for longitude.
● Longitude is measured from an arbitrary reference line passing through the Royal
Greenwich Observatory in England, U.K.
● The Spaniards and the Portuguese learned astronomy from Arabs, and instrument-
making from Sefaric Jews.

Sailing by Dead Reckoning.

The accuracy of Dead Reckoning navigation decreases with time. *from: Deduced Reckoning, or
Ded.Reckoning.

Charts and sea marks.

On this map, the lack of accurate longitude measurement can be seen as Great Britain is drawn much
too close to Scandinavia. (The red line is the actual scaled coastline).

Menu
Subject Select Completed
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1.The history of navigation Section 1

2. Chart work Section 2

3. Navigation instruments Section 3

4. Coastal navigation Section 4

5. Deep-sea navigation Section 5

6. Celestial navigation Section 6

7. Navigation lights Section 7

8. The tide Section 8

9. Radio communications Section 9

The History of Navigation.

TEST: Introduction to navigation

1. Which instrument uses a plumb-line?
a. The astrolabe b. The quadrant c. The back-staff d. The cross-staff
(The quadrant uses a plumb line and can therefore be used without the horizon in sight).
2. What is the easiest way to find the latitude? By measuring the elevation of:
a. The moon b. The sun c. Venus d. The Polar star
(The pole star is the easiest because it requires fewer calculation. The sun is also easily if its declination
is known).

3. What made finding the longitude by lunar transit inaccurate?

a. The reason is the ship’s motion b. The reason is the lack of an accurate almanac
c. The reason is the lack of sextant d. The reason is the lack of a reliable chronometer
(The lack of an accurate almanac made it difficult to find the longitude by means of Lunar Transit).

Chapter 2 Chart Work.

● Rules and regulations.
IMO Model Course 7.03 Vol.1, Module 1 – Navigation.

● Objective/s
This chapter introduces the trainee to the basic actions in reading charts, referencing and
plotting.

TEST: Introduction to navigation

1. How long would one degree of latitude be at a latitude of 30 degrees North?

a. 30 NM b. 45 NM c. 22.5 NM d. 60 NM
(One degree of latitude is by definition 60 Nautical Miles long – anywhere in the world. The latitude
30 North was misleading!)

2. How long would 15 minutes of longitude be at a latitude of 60 degrees North?

a. 15 NM b. 30 NM c. 7.5 NM d. 60 NM
(If you remember that the cosine of 60o is 0.5, then 15 minutes of longitude at 60o North (or South)
would be: 15 NM divided by 2 = 7.5 NM).

3. How do you find the Nautical Mile scale on the chart?

a. By measuring one minute of Latitude b. By measuring one minute of Longitude
c. By measuring one degree of Longitude d. By measuring the cosine of one degree of Latitude
( As the Mercator projection is a progressive projection, you have to measure the Nautical Miles scale
from the minutes of latitude, and at the same latitude as your estimated position)

Chapter 3 Navigation Instruments

● Rules and Regulations
IMO Model Course 7.03 Vol.1, Module 1 – Navigation

● Objective/s
Introduction to specific navigational instruments.
TEST: Introduction to navigation.
1. What does the Doppler log measure?
a. The speed of the ship b. The speed through the water
c. The speed over ground d. The depth of water.

2. What can you from a single aeronautical RDF?

a. Your speed b. A bearing c. A hyperbolic LOP d. A range.

3. Who runs the Decca system?

a. The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) b. The US Department of Defence
c. An independent US company d. A British company.

4. What was the advantage of the Omega system over its predecessors?
a. It is more accurate b. It has a worldwide coverage
c. It works in any weather conditions d. It is cheap to install and to use.

5. What does a Racon help with?

a. Measuring the distance b. Measuring the relative speed
c. Identifying a vessel d. Identifying a seamark

6. What is the selective availability?

a. A method of finding a more accurate position
b. The detection of satellite available over the horizon.
c. A reduction in the system’s accuracy d. A range measuring device.

Chapter 4 Coastal Navigation.

● Rules and Regulations
IALA regulations, IMO Model Course 7.03 Vol.1, Module 1 – Navigation (1 – Terrestrial
navigation).

● Objective/s,
This part refers to the organisational part of coastal navigation, e.g. buoyage system,
traffic separation schemes and communications with other ships in the frame of VTS.

TEST: Introduction to navigation.

1. How do you take a running fix?
a. By measure the angle between to fixed landmarks and find the sine of the angle
b. By taking bearings from a landmark at time intervals and finding the sine of the angles
c. By taking bearing from a landmark at time intervals and measuring the distance covered in the
intervals
d. By taking the relative bearings from 2 sets of landmarks and plotting the difference.
(You take a running fix by taking bearing from a landmark at time intervals and measuring the distance
covered in the intervals. Of course, you should also keep a straight course).

2. Who has the right of way in a Traffic Separation Scheme?

a. The inbound vessel b. The outbound vessel
c. The vessel coming from the starboard side d. The vessel coming from the port side
(In a Traffic Separation Scheme, the normal Rule of the Road applies and the vessel coming from
starboard has right of way).

3. What would be the colour of an IALA starboard hand lateral buoy, as seen when sailing toward land,
in Europe?
a. Green b. Red c. Red and green stripes d. Black and yellow stripes
(When sailing toward land in Europe the green buoy is on your starboard side. As “sailing” toward
land” may be difficult to assert in places, always check the IALA lateral system arrows on the chart).

Chapter 5 Deep-sea Navigation.

● Rules and Regulations
IMO Model Course 7.03 Vol.1, Module 1 – Navigation (1 – Terrestrial navigation).

● Objective/s,
This part introduces the trainee to the types of charts, used in sailing along the Great
circle keeping. Weather routing basic information is provided too.

TEST: Introduction to navigation.

1. On a route from Santander, Spain, (43 36 N, 005 38 W) to Brest France (48 15 N, 004 46 W) would
a Great Circle navigation bring you :
a. To the West of the Rhumb Line navigation?
b. To the East of the Rhumb Line navigation?
c. About the same as the Rhumb Line navigation?
d. Exactly the same as the Rhumb Line navigation?
(This route is almost northerly and its distance would be almost the same as a Rhumb Line navigation.
Great Circle navigation is not needed on this journey).

2. What is a Gnomonic chart?

a. A chart where Great Circle lines can be drawn as a straight line
b. A chart giving true bearing
c. A chart where Rhumb Lines can be drawn as a straight line.
d. Another type of Mercator projection
(A gnomonic chart represents Great Circle lines as straight lines. On the other hand, it cannot be used
to take bearing).

3. Which Beaufort Force is defined as a gale?

a. Force 7. b. Force 8. c. Force 9. d. Force 10.
(In English, a gale is defined as Beaufort Force 8. Note that it may not be the same in all languages).

Chapter 6 Celestial Navigation.

● Rules and Regulations
IMO Model Course 7.03 Vol.1, Module 1 – Navigation (2 – Celestial navigation).
 ● Objective/s,
This part sums up the tools and methods for position finding (latitude, longitude, true
bearing) on the basic of celestial information.

TEST: Introduction to navigation.

1. If you timepiece is correct within 12 minutes of an hour, what would be your margin of error in
estimating your Longitude at Latitude 60 degrees North?
a. Within 7.5 NM b . Within 15 NM c. . Within 6 NM d. . Within 0.5 NM

2. If you sight the sun’s meridian in the Southern hemisphere in August, would you then …
a. subtract the elevation from 90 degrees and add the declination.
b. subtract the elevation from 90 degrees and subtract the declination.
c. subtract 90 degrees from the elevation and add the declination
d. subtract 90 degrees from the elevation and subtract the declination.

3. Would you take the morning sun’s azimuth in order to ….

a. find a Lino of Position b. find your latitude
c. find the true North d. I don’t know.

Chapter 7 Navigation Lights.

● Rules and Regulations
IALA: buoyage system – A

● Objective/s,
Introduction to navigation lights and their identification.

TEST: Introduction to navigation.

1. A light is given with the following characteristics: Fl W (3+1) 12s 25m 12M. Is this:
a. A white light flashing for 3 seconds then 1 second up to a total of 12 seconds and having a range of
25 NM?
b. A red light flashing for 12 seconds, having a range of 25 NM?
c. A red light flashing for 3 seconds then occulting once and having a range of 12 NM?
d. A white light flashing for 12 seconds and having a range of 12 NM?
(Fl W (3+1) 12s 25m 12M. This is a white Group Flashing light with a combined sequence of 3 and 1
flashes. The total time is 12 seconds. The light elevation is 25 meters ASL andits range is 12 NM).

2. If you spot a Racon on the radar and try to visually identify its light, would you look for:
a. Probably a quick flashing red light? b. Probably a white isophase light?
c. Probably a sector light? d. It doesn’t matter.

Chapter 8 The Tide

● Rules and Regulations

● Objective/s,
Bringing up certain knowledge on tide, tide calculation and tidal stream.
TEST: Introduction to navigation
1. The average time between two High Water is 12 hours and 25 minutes because this is the time it
takes for:
a. The sun to be at the opposite side of the moon
b. The moon to be at the opposite side of the earth
c. The moon to be at its apogee d. The sun and the moon to be on the same side.
(Since the tide is so-called semidiurnal, the next hight water will come half a day later or, when the
moon is on the other side of the earth).

2. What is the tidal Height?

a. Twice the tide amplitude b. The range of the tide
c. The water above the Lowest Astronomical Tide
d. The height above or under the Mean Level (ML)
(The tidal height is the height of water above the Lowest Astronomical Height, or Chart Datum. This is
what you have to add to your chart depth reading in order to find the depth at a certain time).

Chapter 9 Radio Communications

● Rules and Regulations
SOLAS, ITU regulations

● Objective/s,
Bringing on maritime radio communications

TEST: Introduction to navigation

1. If there were suddenly an immediate danger for both the vessel and its crew, would you send a
MAYDAY on:
a. Channel 06 with Dual Watch? b. Channel 06 with 25 Watts output?
c. Channel 16 with 1 Watt output? d. Channel 16 with 25 Watts output?
(On most maritime VHF sets, there is a brightly coloured button with “CH16”. This is will select the
International Distress and Calling Ch.16 on maximum output (25W). The Dual Watch function only
allows you to listen to a working channel while still scanning Ch.16. You shouldn’t use this in an
emergency).

2. In the unlikely event that a distress situation allows you send only a very short message, after
MAYDAY would you first say:
a. Your name and callsign? b. Your position?
c. The number of persons on board? d. The nature of the distress situation?
(A distress message is as follows:
- The word of MAYDAY repeated 3 times.
- The vessel’s name and callsign repeated 3 times.
- The vessel’s position.
- The number of persons on board.
- The nature of the distress and help required.
This is the standard procedure and it is listed by order of importance but if time is very short, position
may be the most important information to transmit).

❖ VOYAGE PLANNING
Reading the SOLAS V, Regulation 34 Convention the following important issues about safe navigation
and avoidance of dangerous situations may be pointed out:

Prior to proceeding to sea, the master shall ensure that the intended voyage has been planned using
the appropriate nautical charts and nautical publications for the area concerned, taking into account
the guidelines and recommendations developed by the IMO Resolution A.893 (21).

The voyage plan shall identify a route which:

✓ Takes into account any relevant ship’s routeing system;
✓ Ensures sufficient sea room for the safe passage of the ship throughout the voyage;
✓ Anticipates all known navigational hazards and advere weather conditions;
✓ Takes into account the marine environmental protection measures that apply, and avoids as
far as possible actions and activities which could cause damage to the environment.
✓ The owner, the charterer, or the company, as defined in regulation IX/1, operating the ship
or any other person, shall not prevent or restrict the master of the ship from taking or
executing any decision which, in the master’s prifessional judgement, is necessary for safe
navigation and protection of the marine environment.

Chapter 1 Voyage Planning

● Rules and Regulations
STCW Convention, WGS 84, IMO Resolution A.572 (14)

● Objective/s,
Clarification of basic items in voyage planning, resposibilities in doing it and compliance
with rules and regulations.

TEST: Voyage Planning

1. When should voyage planning be done?
a. During the sailing b. Prior to sailing c. After sailing d. Before the pilot is leaving.

2. Who is responsible for the voyage report?

a. The person who has done the planning b. The Master
c. The navigator officer d. The owner

3. Voyage planning consists of how many main stages?

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

4. Can voyage planning be executed on ECDIS?

a. Yes b. No
c. Only if approved by the flag state d. Only if approved by the flag owner
5. Can RNC charts be used for voyage planning? Note: Raster Navigational Charts (RNC).
a. Only together with paper charts b. Yes c. No d. Only if approved by flag state.

6. What is most important when transferring route plans to other navigation system?
a. Both systems are made by the same manufacturer
b. Both system use the same chart datum
c. Both systems are approved by the classification society
d. Both system work according to specification

7. What is an information exchange form?

a. A forms used to provide information to a pilot
b. A forms used to provide night orders to the navigators
c. A forms used to provide information to the engineers
d. A forms used to provide information to the customs.

8. What is the main purpose of the VTS?

a. Reduce port operation costs b. Provide information
c. Increase safety for all ships in the area d. Increase safety for ships participating in VTS

Chapter 2 Officer Of the Watch

● Rules and Regulations
COLREG, ITL Manual, SOLAS 3.

● Objective/s,
Detailed description of the duties of the OOW and his responsibilities.

TEST: Voyage Planning

1. Is the OOW expected to double check the whole voyage plan?
a. Yes, he is b. No, he isn’t c. Only the coastal part d. Only if ECDIS is used.

2. Can the OOW be the sole lookout?

a. No, ho cannot b. Only in good visibility c. Only during day time
d. Only during day time when visibility, traffic etc, make it safe.

3. When should operational check on navigation equipment be done?

a. Regularly, when preparing for sea and entering port. b. As often as possible
c. When errors are indicated d. When time allows.

4. When steering by autopilot, how often should manual steering be checked?

a. Every day b. When the time allow
c. At least once a watch d. No checking is necessary.

5. If the Officer of the watch must leave the voyage plan he should…..
a. make a note in the log book b. inform the Master
c. No special action is necessary d. check the new plan.

6. What is important to check when transfering a position from GPS to a chart?

a. Reading the position correctly b. Plotting the position correctly
c. Make sure that the chart and the GPS use same datum d. Make sure the map is updated.

7. In coastal waters GPS positions should be checked by …..

a. visual observations b. radar obsevations
c. buoy and seamarks d. visual and radar observations.

8. Ship to ship communications during SAR should be executed by …..

a. VHF b. MF c. Satellite d. VHF and MF.
Chapter 3 Communications
● Rules and Regulations
IMO SMCP, ITU Regulations, SOLAS Regulaions, ICS safety check list.

● Objective/s,
Knowledge on communication procedures for achieving safe and efficient ship’s operation.

TEST: Voyage Planning

1. How many methods of communication do we say that we have?

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4.

2. According to statistics how many percent of sea accidents can be traced back to communication
problem?
a. 20 b. 40 c. 60 d. 80.

3. What is the central principle of Seaspeak?

a. Use the standard phrases b. Use of general English in all communication
c. Use the standard maritime English in all ommunication d. Use of Message Markers.

4. How many standard “message markers” are used in Seaspeak?

a. 7 b. 9 c. 10 d. 11.

Chapter 4 Weather Routing

 Rules and Regulations

● Objective/s,
Weather routing definition and setting up rules how to use meteorological data for
safe and efficient ship handling.

TEST; Voyage Planning

1. What is the shortest distance between two point?
a. Rhum line b. Composite great circle c. Great circle d. None of the above.
2. One knot reduction in speed of a VLCC represents approximtely?
a. 4% reduction speed b. 6% reduction speed
c. 8% reduction speed d. 10% reduction speed

3. Should recommended route information be used together with weather routeing?

a. Yes b. No c. Sometime d. Only if recommended by weather routeing.

4. How much time can be saved by use of weather routeing?

a. 2 % b. 4 % c. 6 % d. Impossible to say.

Chapter 5 Piracy
● Rules and Regulations
IMO Resolution A.584 (14) – ‘Measures to prevent unlawful acts which threaten the safety of
ships and the security of their passengers and crews’, ISF Publication.
● Objective/s
Assessment of the increasing risk of piracy acts and guidance how to deal with this problem.

TEST: Voyage Planning

1. Where can you expect piracy today?
a. In European waters b. In Far East waters
c. All over the world d. In American waters.

2. Is piracy an increasing or decreasing problem?

a. Piracy is increasing b. Piracy is decreasing
c. Piracy has remained constant for the past 50 years d. Piracy is not a problem.

3. Do most pirate attacks take place in territorial or international waters?

a. The number of attacks is divided approximately 50/50% in international and territorial waters
b. Most attacks take place in territorial waters
c. Most attacks take place in international waters
d. The most serious attacks take place in international waters.

4. In what waters are piracy attacks most frequent?

a. Malaysian waters b. Open seas c. Brazilian waters d. Indonesian waters.

Chapter 6 Safety
● Rules and Regulations

● Objective/s
Pointing out the importance of implementing quality control in operation the ship.

TEST: Voyang Planning

1. In order to improve safety do you think it is necessary to know the past?
a. Yes, it is b. No, it isn’t c. It is not very important d. It depends on ship’s type.
2. How do you define risk?
a. Risk involves both: identification of the occurrence and the likelihood that it will happen.
b. Risk means that a dangerous situation is likely to happen.
c. Risk means a dangerous situation. d. Risk means something more dangerour than normal.

3. If a shipping company wants to be attractive to clients, it must be able to provide ….

a. on –schedule operations b. safe operation
c. efficient and realible service d. minimum loss.

4. What is the key to execute a voyage in a safe and efficient way?

a. Modern ship b. A careful voyage planning
c. A good shore management d. Well-trained crewmembers.

Chapter 7 Disabled Ship - Emergencies

● Rules and Regulations
SOLAS regulations, Salvage agreement.

● Objective/s
Awareness of the basic measures to be taken on board the ship ion case of an emergency
situation.

TEST: Voyage Planning

1. How can you keep a ship head-up into the water with the rudder jammed in hard over position?
a. By applying astern power b. By applying full astern power
c. Careful ahead manoeuvring d. Not possible.

2. How can you reduce ship’s downwind progress in deep water?

a. By lowering the anchor to about 80 fathoms
b. By lowering the anchor to about 60 fathoms
c. By lowering the anchor to about 10 fathoms d. Not possible.

3. SOLAS regulations require that tankers of XXX tonnes dwt must be equipped with an emergency
towing system?
a. 10 000 dwt b. 20 000 dwt c. 30 000 dwt d. 50 000 dwt.

4. How many main types of salvage arrangements exist?

a. None b. One c. Two d. Three

❖ MOORING.
A mooring refers to any device used to hold secure an object by means of cables, anchors, or lines.
Most often it is specifically a device to which a boat can be attached so that it can remain in the same
position. It is said then that the boat is moored.
A mooring is typically a heavy object located on the sea bed with a rope or cable going to the surface
where a float makes it possible to pick it up from a boat.

With the adoption of good and proven operational practice, and the implementation of acceptable
standars for every aspect of port operations, an improvement in safety may be achieved for all who
use or work in ports, their ships, crews, passangers and cargoes.
Some major points have to be understood:
✓ Statis ically, a ship is more likely to suffer a navigational incident in the confined/busy waters
close to a port than in the open sea.
✓ The risk of serious and long lasting damage to the environment is invariably greatest closer to
land.
✓ These dangers can exist in marine operations in or near ports.
So it is necessary to acknowledge that these operations should be conducted safely, provided the risks
and hazards have been properly assessed and appropriate safety management and control systems
put in place.

Chapter 1 General System Description

● Rules and Regulations

● Objective/s
Main objectives are: Mooring arrangements familiarization, Planning and organisation of
mooring, training of crew how to operate specific mooring equipment and maintain it in good
condition.

Subject Select Completed

1. General system Section 1 0% 100%
2. Safe mooring practice Section 2 0% 100%
3. Planning and organising mooring and anchoring operation Section 3 0% 100%
4. Operation of mooring winches and windlass Section 4 0% 100%
5. Synthetic fibre and steel wire mooring ropes Section 5 0% 100%
6. Maintenance Section 6 0% 100%.

TEST: Mooring
1. What does STS mean?
a. The ship is only moored to one point
b. Two ships are moored alongside each other for the purpose of cargo transfer.
c. The ship is moored using both anchors forward and stern secured to buoys located around the stern
d. Ordinary mooring.

2. What is the purpose of a ‘Pedestal Roller’?

a. It changes the direction of lead of a mooring line b. It secures a chain
c. It secures the eye of a mooring line d. It has to facilitate towing.
3. Decide which is the right description of the numbered boxes.

11 a. 1 Mooring bollard, 2 Emergency, 3 Mooring

winch, 4 Pedestal roller, 5 Mooring winch, 6
2 Fairlead..

b.1. Fairlead. 2 Mooring bolard, 3 Mooring winch, 4

3 Mooring winch, 5 Pedestal roller, 6ETS.

4 c. 1 Mooring winch, 2 Pedestal roller, 3 Mooring

bollard, 4 Emergency, 5 Fairlead, 6 Mooring winch.
5

6
Note: ETS = Emergency Towing System.

Chapter 2 Safe Mooring Practice

● Rules and Regulations
● Objective/s
Training how to avoid accidents, which may cause personal injury or damages to
mooring equipment.

TEST: Mooring
1. How many turns of rope are recommended around a warping drum?
a. 1-2 b. 3-4 c. 5-6 d. 7-8.

2. Snapback is a serious danger when we are handling …….

a. wire rope b. both wire and synthetic ropes
c. synthetic rope d. only nylon ropes

3. What is the operating parameter for the mooring drums brakes?

a. 40 % of the MBL b. 50 % of the MBL c. 60 % of the MBL d. 70 % of the MBL

4. If we have different types of mooring lines leading in the same direction, which type of rope,
mentioned below, will take most of the load?
a. Polypropylene rope b. Steel wire rope c. Nylon d. I don’t know.

5. Choose the statement(s) you think are correct according to safe mooring practice.
a. New ropes have the same elongation as used ropes
b. Rope should never be used as a stopper on wires
c. Wire stoppers can be used on synthetic fibre ropes
d. A safety helmet without chinstraps is allowed
e. Wear goggles if you operate the windlass
f. Two or more lines leading in the same direction should always be of the same material.

Chapter 3 Planning and Organising Mooring and Anchoring Operations

● Rules and Regulations
● Objective/s
Performing management of mooring and anchoring operations on specific criteria.

TEST: Mooring
1. Who is in charge of the mooring operation?
a. Pilot b. Duty office c. Master d. Harbour master.

2. According to which criteria are the cable lifter units designed?

a. According to the brake force and band brake diameter
b. According to the cable diameter and drive motor force
c. According to the brake force and lifting power
d. According to the band brake diameter and drive motor force

3. Does the angle between the line and the horizontal have anything to do with the number of ropes
to be used?
a. There is no conjunction b. Yes, greater angle means less rope to be used.
c. Yes, smaller angle means less rope to be used d. Only, when wire rope is used.

4.

0.2 x draft
0.5 x draft
2 x draft D
5 x draft
C
B
A Which of the ships above have the greatest current force acting on them?
a. A b. B c. C d. D

Chapter 4 Operating of Mooring Winches and Windlass

● Rules and Regulations
● Objective/s
Familiarisation with mooring winches, their functions, purpose of winch brake
and operation and function of windlasses.

TEST: Mooring.
1. Automatic winches may be used on all winch lines at the same time?
a. True b. False

2. What should the operator of an undivided drum be aware of?

a. Always have sufficient number of turns on the tension drum
b. The difficulty to spool and stow the wire drum satisfactory
c. The danger of personnel injury when the rope is transferred on a split drum
d. I don’t know.

3. What happened if you have more than one layer of wire on the tension drum on a split-drum winch?
a. It will decrease the brake holding capacity and the pulling power
b. It will increase the brake holding capacity and the pulling power
c. The brake holding capacity will be the same
d. I don’t know.

4. How is the anchor cable length marked?

a. Red paint b. Blue paint c. White paint d. Black paint.

5. Choose the appropriate sequence of equiment.

3 2 1
a. 1-Tension drum, 2-Warping end,
4
3-Manual band brake, 4-Storage drum.
b. 1-Storage drum, 2-Manual band brake,
3-Warping end, 4-Tension drum
c. 1-Manual band brake, 2-Tension drum,
3-Storage drum, 4-Warping end.

Chapter 5 Synthetic Fibre and Steel Wire Mooring Ropes

● Rules and Regulations

● Objective/s
Getting to know the different types of mooring ropes and their construction, specific of
installations, and handling of synthetic and steel wire ropes, inspection and
maintenance of ropes.
TEST: Mooring
1. To identify a fibre material rope you can check if it floats, Which of the following ropes float if you
put it into water?
a. Nylon and Polyester b. Polyethylene and Polypropylene
c. Steel wire rope d. I don’t know.

2. If one strand on the 8 strand fibre rope is broken, how much strength remain in the fibre rope?
a. 25% b. 50% c. 60% d. 80%.
3. Which one of the following statements are correct?
a. Do not drag the rope over the sharp edges
b. A new mooring rope should be uncoiled from the inner end.
c. Chafting at chocks and fairleads has no effect on the rope.
d. Wire last forever.

4. What kind of damage is this?

a. Mechanical damage
b. Birdcage c. Bend d. Kink

5. The picture shows 4 different ways of winding the wire rope onto the drum. Which 2 methods are
correct?
a. A b. B c. C d. D.

A B

C D

6. What is the correct way of measuring the size of a wire rope?

a. A
b. B

Chapter 6 Maintenance
● Rules and Regulations

● Objective/s
Getting to know the maintainance procedures of mooring systems

TEST: Mooring
1. Choose the statements you think are correct in connection with oil sampling contamination control:
a. Take at least one sample from each sampling place in the system
b. Full up the sampling bottle to 90%
c. The sampling flow should not exceed 10% of the main line flow
d. Oil is extracted through fully open ball valves from high pressure line.

2. Choose the statements you think are correct in connection with “During mooring operation”:
a. Check for leaking oil or grease seals and replace when necessary
b. Listen to bearings for abnormal noise and check for overheating
c. Check that the hydraulic valves are correctly adjusted
d. Grease all lubrication nipples.

3. Choose the statements you think are correct in connection with “ Once week”:
a. Check for leaking oil or grease seals and replace when necessary
b. Listen to bearings for abnormal noise and check for overheating
c. Check that the hydraulic valves are correctly adjusted
d. Grease all lubrication nipples.

4. Choose the statements you think are correct in connection with “Once every 3 months”:
a. Check for leaking oil or grease seals and replace when necessary
b. Listen to bearings for abnormal noise and check for overheating
c. Check that the hydraulic valves are correctly adjusted
d. Grease all lubrication nipples.

5. Choose the statements you think are correct in connection with “Once a year”:
a. Check for leaking oil or grease seals and replace when necessary
b. Listen to bearings for abnormal noise and check for overheating
c. Check that the hydraulic valves are correctly adjusted
d. Grease all lubrication nipples.

6. What is the purpose of the brake test?

a. It is to find the highest necessary tightening torque
b. It is to find the correct tightening torque
c. It is to find the maximum tightening torque
d. I don’t know.

❖ RIGGING and SLINGING

In order to take care of a safe working environment trainees should have special knowledge about
rigging and slinging equipment and the guidelines for a safe use. This training part should familiarise
trainees with the most common equipment on ships/rigs and provide all relevant information for
that.
Chapter 1 Introduction
● Rules and Regulations

● Objective/s
Main objective is the introduction to rigging and slinging procedures. This chapter provides an
overview of rigging equipment.

Welcome to this program about Rigging and Slinging. The objective of the Rigging and Slinging CBT as
a training module is: To provide general guidelines for the safe use of rigging equipment.
Menu:
- Introduction
- Safe use of rigging equipment
- Slinging and lifting guidelines
- Documentation, inspection and maintenance
- Assessment.

Chapter 2 Safe Use of Rigging Equipment

● Rules and Regulations

● Objective/s
Main objective is to provide information on the safe use of rigging equipment.

Chapter 3 Slinging and Lifting Guidelines

● Rules and Regulations

● Objective/s
Main objective is to provide information about the most common slinging operations,
safety precautions as well as risk assessment of lifting operations.

Chapter 4 Documentation, Inspection and Guidelines

● Rules and Regulations

● Objective/s
Main objective is to provide information about required documentation of lifting gear and
guidelines for maintenance and storage.

ASSESSMENT/TEST: Rigging and Slinging

1. At which of the following situations is the winch capacity at its highest?
a. When the winch drum is full b. When the winch drum is at first layer
c. When the winch drum is half full d. When the winch drum is 36% full.

2. What is the maximum stroke you should use on a hydraulic jack?

a. 70% of usable stroke b. 80% of usable stroke
c. 90% of usable stroke d. 100% of usable stroke.
3. What is the maximum angle you can apply on a side loading on a beam trolley?
a. 20o b. 45o c. 60o
d. You must never apply side loadings on a beam trolley.

4. Which of the below statements are true?

a. An easy and good way of shortening a chain is to tie a knot on it
b. You must never weld on grade 80 chains
c. You must never more than 60o angle between the slings in a multi leg configuration.

5. What must you check before you are applying an angular load to a beam clamp?
a. That the lifting beam is designed for side load
b. That the beam clamp is designed for angular lifts and that correct de-rating is used
c. That the weight of the load is not more than 2 tons
d. That local lifting height doesn’t exceed more than 75% of the distance between deck and beam
clamp.

6. The following items must be checked before you use a chain hoist. Decide which statement is wrong.
a.The SWL of the hoist and the weight of the load
b. The type of slings to be used c. That there are no knots on any of the chains
d. That there are safety catches fitted on the hooks.

7. In which position should the ram be when you are refilling oil on the jack?
a. At full stroke b. At 80% of full stroke c. Half retracted d. Fully retracted

8. Which of the following requirements for the beam must be fullfiled in order to use a beam trolley
on it?
a. It can be fitted with end stoppers
b. It must have a SWL of two times the weight of the load
c. It must be levelled, so that the trolley will not run away by gravity
d. It must be higher than 2 metres above the deck.

9. What is the maximum side angle allowable for standard two pair set of horizontal plate clamps?
a. 10o b. 20o c. 30o d. 45o.

10. How often shall a personnel basket undergo a thorough examination?

a. Every month b. At least once every year
c. Minimum every three months d. Minimum every 6 months.

11. What is the maximum face-to-face angle allowable for a pair of standard horizontal plate clamps?
a. 45o b. 60o c. 90o d. 120o.

12. What is the purpose of the stabiliser on a personnel basket?

a. It serves as a secondary safety sling in case the main sling falls
b. To keep the basket balanced (horizontal) during the transfer.
c. To prevent the basket from capsizing if it falls into the water
d. To prevent the basket collapsing when it surges up and down on the boat deck.

13. At which of the following situations will the pulling speed of the wire be at its highest?
a. When the winch drum is full b. When the winch drum is at first layer
c. When the winch drum is half full d. When the winch drum is 36% full.

14. Why should you use a saddle on the hydraulic jack?

a. It increases the lifting capacity b. It prevents the jack from retracting unintentionally.
c. It distributes the load evenly on the ram d. It increases the maximum lifting height.

15. What kind of special requirements exists for the tag line on a personnel basket?
a. It must be minimum two metres long b. It must be snag free and have no knots on it.
c. It must be of a bright visible colour d. It must not be more than three metres long.

16. If all of the slings are of equal strength, which of the following configuration is the strongest?

A 30o 45o
B C
D

a. A b. B c. C d. D

17. Which of the following pictures shows the correct way of winding a new wire onto a winch?

a. A

A B b. B

c. C

d. D
C D

18. Please decide which is the correct SWL at the correct sling configuration. All individual slings have
the same SWL.
 a. 4.0 ton 5.2 ton 3.4 ton 1.6 ton
b. 1.6 ton 5.2 ton 3.4 ton 4.0 ton
c. 1.6 ton 4.0 ton 3.4 ton 5.2 ton
d. 3.4 ton 5.2 ton 4.0 ton 1.6 ton.
2.0 tons

30o a 45o b
c d

Finished

CBT 08

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