Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C.

Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET NO. 49
Definition of Leveling Terms

Define the following terms. Draw and indicate those terms in an illustration.
a. Level Surface b. Level Line c. Vertical Line
d. Horizontal Line e. Elevation f. Mean Sea Level
g. Datum h. Difference in Elevation i. Leveling
a. Level Surface - is the earth's continuous surface that runs parallel to its mean
spheroid. The level line is a line that represents a level surface. At every point, the level
line forms a right angle to the vertical or plumb line.
b. Level Line - At every point, it forms a right angle to the vertical or plumb line. It
indicates that any point on a level line is at the same distance from the earth's center.
Despite the fact that it is a curved surface, it is treated as a flat surface for smaller-scale
projects.
c. Vertical Line - It is the line marked by a plumb at the appropriate station. As a result,
this is also known as a plumb line. It's simply chosen depending on the gravitational pull
of the earth. The station point is connected to the earth's center via a vertical line.
d. Horizontal Line - is the instrument's line of sight, which is perpendicular to the plumb
line and tangential to the level surface. Horizontal surface refers to the surface that is
parallel to the horizontal line of sight.
e. Elevation - The vertical distance between a datum, usually mean sea level, and a
location or item on the surface of the earth.
f. Mean Sea Level - The average height of the sea between high and low tide is
measured.
g. Datum - are utilized as a starting point for surveying assignments and help to put
your work into perspective. While a datum can be any reference used to measure an
object, such as planes, lines, or points, geodetic datums are the most common in
surveying.
h. Difference in Elevation - The difference in elevation is the vertical distance between
two places, which is comparable to the difference in height you learnt about before.
Leveling is a basic procedure in topographical surveys that involves assessing changes
in elevation.
i. Leveling - is a subset of surveying with the goal of establishing or confirming
something. The height of specified locations in relation to a datum can be verified or
measured. • It is commonly used in cartography and construction to estimate geodetic
height. to compare the heights of several building artifacts.
ILLUSTRATION
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET NO. 50
Differential Leveling Terms

Define the following terms used in differential leveling. Draw and indicate those
terms in an illustration.
a. Bench Mark b. Backsight c. Foresight
d. Backsight Distance e. Foresight Distance f. Turning Point
g. Height of Instrument

a. Bench Mark - The vertical controls of surveying are designated places on the
Earth's surface that are connected by accurate leveling.

b. Backsight - when the leveling instrument has been moved to a new location, a
reading of the leveling rod in its original position a look back at a prior station.

c. Foresight - A point at which an instrument's elevation and/or horizontal position

are measured or established by sighting it.

d. Backsight Distance - is a measurement done at a known coordinate point (s). A

backsight is a reading that looks "backward" along the line of progress since a
survey goes from a point of known position to points of uncertain position.

e. Foresight Distance - is a measurement made at an unknown coordinate point

(s). A foresight is a reading that looks "ahead" along the line of progress because
a survey advances from a known location to unknown positions.

f. Turning Point - is a place where the elevation is established during the leveling
process, but which is no longer required once the essential readings have been
made. A turning point should be positioned on a stable object whose height will
not vary while the instrument setup is moved.

g. Height of Instrument - In relation to the datum, it is the elevation or lowered

level of the line of sight.
ILLUSTRATION
 Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET NO. 51
Differential Leveling

Complete the differential level notes shown and perform the customary arithmetic
check. Show your computation.

Station BS HI FS Elevation
BM 230 2.3 3,466.18 m.
7
TP1 2.9 3.4
5 2
TP2 3.8 1.8
6 7
TP3 3.9 3.4
9 0
TP4 2.3 2.1
0 0
TP5 1.3 3.1
4 0
TP6 1.6 1.8
7 9
TP7 2.3 2.6
5 0
BM 240 2.5
6
Solutions:
Station BS HI FS Elevation

BM 230 2.37 3468.55 3466.18 m.

TP1 2.95 3468.08 3.42 3465.13 m
TP2 3.86 3470.07 1.87 3466.21 m
TP3 3.99 3470.66 3.40 3466.67 m
TP4 2.30 3470.86 2.10 3468.56 m
TP5 1.34 3469.1 3.10 3467.76 m
TP6 1.67 3468.88 1.89 3467.21 m
TP7 2.35 3468.63 2.60 3466.28 m
BM 240 2.56 3466.07 m
∑ BS=20.83 ∑ FS=20.94
D E1=∑ BS−∑ FS=D E1=20.83−20.94=D E1=0.11 m

D E2=Elev . BM 240−Elev . BM 230=D E2=3466.07 m−3,466. 18 m

 D E2=0.11 m

Since D E1=D E2 the computation is correct.

BM 230 HI =BS+ Elevation=HI =2.37+3,466.18=HI=3468.55

TP1 Elevation=HI−FS=Elevation=3468.55−3.42=Elevation=3465.13 m
HI =BS+ Elevation=HI =2. 95+3,46 5 .13=HI=3468. 08
TP2 Elevation=HI−FS=Elevation=3468.08−1.87=Elevation=346 6 .21 m
HI =BS+ Elevation=HI =3.86+3466.21=HI =34 70.07
TP3 Elevation=HI−FS=Elevation=3470.07−3.40=Elevation=3466. 67 m
HI =BS+ Elevation=HI =3. 99+3466.67=HI =34 70. 66
TP4 Elevation=HI−FS=Elevation=3470.66−2 . 10=Elevation=346 8 .5 6 m
HI =BS+ Elevation=HI =2 .30+3468.56=HI =34 70. 8 6
TP5 Elevation=HI−FS=Elevation=3470.8 6−3 .1 0=Elevation=346 7 . 7 6 m
HI =BS+ Elevation=HI =1 .3 4 +3467.76=HI=34 69 .1
TP6 Elevation=HI−FS=Elevation=34 69.1−1 . 89=Elevation=3467.21 m
HI =BS+ Elevation=HI =1 .67+ 3467.21=HI=34 6 8 . 88
TP7 Elevation=HI−FS=Elevation=34 68.88−2 . 60=Elevation=346 6 .2 8 m
HI =BS+ Elevation=HI =2 .35+3466.28=HI =34 68. 63
BM 240 Elevation=HI−FS=Elevation=34 68.63−2 . 5 6=Elevation=3466. 07 m
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET NO. 52
Differential Leveling (Double - Rodded Lines)

Complete the differential level notes shown below and perform the customary
arithmetic checks.

Station BS H FS Elevation
I
BM-45 3.456 2546.18m.
3.466
TP -1L 4.244 1.697
TP-1H 4.253 1.769
TP -2L 4.452 2.423
TP-2H 4.533 2.589
TP-3L 4.921 1.223
TP-3H 4.954 1.457
TP - 4L 3.454 1.996
TP-4H 3.589 1.999
TP-5L 4.232 2.243
TP-5H 4.337 2.542
BM-46 2.861
2.978

Solutions:
Station BS HI FS Elevation
BM-45 3.456 2549.636 2546.18 m
3.466 2549.646
TP -1L 4.244 2552.183 1.697 2547.939 m
TP-1H 4.253 2552.13 1.769 2547.877 m
TP -2L 4.452 2554.212 2.423 2549.76 m
TP-2H 4.533 2554.074 2.589 2549.541 m
TP-3L 4.921 2557.91 1.223 2552.989 m
TP-3H 4.954 2557.571 1.457 2552.617 m
TP - 4L 3.454 2559.368 1.996 2555.914 m
TP-4H 3.589 2559.161 1.999 2555.572 m
 TP-5L 4.232 2561.357 2.243 2557.125 m
TP-5H 4.337 2560.956 2.542 2556.619 m
BM-46 2.861 2558.496 m
2.978 2557.978 m
∑ BS=49.891 ∑ FS=25.777

D E1=∑ BS−∑ FS=D E1=49.891−2 5 .777=D E1=24.114 m

D E2=Elev . BM 45−Elev . BM 46=D E2=2558.496 m−2546. 18 m

D E2=1 2 .316 m

D E2=Elev . BM 45−Elev . BM 46=D E2=255 7 . 978 m−2546. 18 m

D E2=11.798 m

D E2=12.316 m+11.798 m=D E2=24.114 m

Since D E1=D E2 the computation is correct.

BM-45
HI =BS+ Elevation=HI =3 . 456+2546. 18=HI =2549.636
HI =BS+ Elevation=HI =3 . 4 6 6+ 2546.18=HI=2549.6 4 6
TP -1L
Elevation=HI−FS=Elevation=2549.636−1.697=Elevation=2547.93 9 m
TP-1H
Elevation=HI−FS=Elevation=2549.6 4 6−1.769=Elevation=2547. 877 m
TP -1L
HI =BS+ Elevation=HI =4.244 +2547.939=HI =2552.183
TP-1H
HI =BS+ Elevation=HI =4.253+2547. 877=HI=2552.13
TP -2L
Elevation=HI−FS=Elevation=2552.183−2.423=Elevation=254 9 .76 m
TP-2H
Elevation=HI−FS=Elevation=2552.13−2.589=Elevation=254 9 .541 m
TP -2L
HI =BS+ Elevation=HI =4.452+2549.76=HI =255 4 . 212
 TP-2H
HI =BS+ Elevation=HI =4.533+2549.541=HI=255 4 . 074
TP -3L
Elevation=HI−FS=Elevation=2554.212−1.223=Elevation=25 52. 989 m
TP-3H
Elevation=HI−FS=Elevation=2554.074−1.457=Elevation=25 52. 617 m
TP -3L
HI =BS+ Elevation=HI =4.921+2552.989=HI=255 7 . 91
TP-3H
HI =BS+ Elevation=HI =4.954 +2552.617=HI =255 7 . 571
TP -4L
Elevation=HI−FS=Elevation=2557.91−1.996=Elevation=255 5 .9 14 m
TP-4H
Elevation=HI−FS=Elevation=2557.571−1.99 9=Elevation=255 5 .572 m
TP -4L
HI =BS+ Elevation=HI =3.454+2555.914=HI =255 9 . 368
TP-4H
HI =BS+ Elevation=HI =3.589+2555.572=HI =255 9 .161
TP -5L
Elevation=HI−FS=Elevation=2559.368−2.243=Elevation=255 7 . 125 m
TP-5H
Elevation=HI−FS=Elevation=2559.161−2.542=Elevation=255 6 . 619m
TP -5L
HI =BS+ Elevation=HI =4.232+2557.125=HI=25 61 .3 57
TP-5H
HI =BS+ Elevation=HI =4.337+ 2556.619=HI =2560 . 956
BM-46
Elevation=HI−FS=Elevation=2561.357−2.861=Elevation=255 8 . 496 m
Elevation=HI−FS=Elevation=2560.956−2.978=Elevation=2557 . 978 m
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET NO. 53
Differential Leveling (Three-Wire Method)

Complete the differential level notes shown below and perform the customary
arithmetic checks.

Station Backsight HI Foresight Elevation

Hair Mean S Hair Rdgs. Mea S
Rdgs. n
BM-10 4.777 784.11m
4.064
3.353
TP-1 8.134 2.664
7.944 1.950
6.749 1.232
TP-2 6.629 5.335
5.734 4.142
4.835 2.945
TP-3 9.489 3.755
7.881 2.861
6.255 1.964
TP-4 3.996 8.252
3.375 6.625
2.695 4.997
BM-11 4.224
3.625
3.024

Solutions:
Backsight:
4.777+ 4.064+3.353
BM-10 Mean= =Mean=4.065
3
S=4.777−3.353=S=1.424
HI =Mean+ Elevation=HI=4.065+784.11=HI=788. 17 5
 8.134+7.944+ 6.749
TP-1 Mean= =Mean=7.609
3
S=8.134−6.749=S=1.385
HI =Mean+ Elevation=HI=7.609+786.226=HI =7 93.835
6.629+ 5.734+ 4.835
TP-2 Mean= =Mean=5 . 733
3
S=6.629−4.835=S=1.794
HI =Mean+ Elevation=HI=5.733+789.694=HI =79 5 . 427

9.489+7.881+ 6.255
TP-3 Mean= =Mean=7.875
3
S=9.489−6.255=S=3.234
HI =Mean+ Elevation=HI=7.875+792.567=HI =800.442

3.996 +3.375+2.695
TP-4 Mean= =Mean=3.355
3
S=3.996−2.695=S=1.301
HI =Mean+ Elevation=HI=3.355+793.817=HI =797.172

Foresight:
2.664 +1.950+1.232
TP-1 Mean= =Mean=1.949
3
S=2.664−1.232=S=1.4 32
Elevation=HI−Mean=Elevation=788.175−1.949=Elevation=78 6 . 226 m

5.335+ 4.142+2.945
TP-2 Mean= =Mean=4 .141
3
S=5.335−2.945=S=2 . 49
Elevation=HI−Mean=Elevation=793.835−4.141=Elevation=78 9 .694 m
 3.755+ 2.861+1.964
TP-3 Mean= =Mean=2.86
3
S=3.755−1.964=S=1.791
Elevation=HI−Mean=Elevation=795.427−2.86=Elevation=7 92.567 m

8.252+ 6.625+ 4.997

TP-4 Mean= =Mean=6.625
3
S=8.252−4.997=S=3.255
Elevation=HI−Mean=Elevation=800.442−6.625=Elevation=79 3 . 817 m

4.224+3.625+3.024
BM-11 Mean= =Mean=3.624
3
S=4.224−3.024=S=1.2
Elevation=HI−Mean=Elevation=797.172−3.624=Elevation=793.548 m

Station Backsight HI Foresight Elevation

Hair Mean S Hair Mean S
Rdgs. Rdgs.
BM-10 4.777 4.065 1.424 788. 175 784.11m
4.064
3.353
TP-1 8.134 7.609 1.385 793.835 2.664 1.949 1.432 786.226 m
7.944 1.950
6.749 1.232
TP-2 6.629 5.733 1.794 795.427 5.335 4.141 2.49 789.694 m
5.734 4.142
4.835 2.945
TP-3 9.489 7.875 3.234 800.442 3.755 2.86 1.791 792.567 m
7.881 2.861
6.255 1.964
TP-4 3.996 3.355 1.301 797.172 8.252 6.625 3.255 793.817 m
3.375 6.625
2.695 4.997
BM-11 4.224 3.624 1.2 793.548 m
3.625
3.024
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET NO. 54
Profile Leveling

Complete the following set of profile level notes and show the customary
arithmetic check.

Station BS HI IFS FS Elevation

BM-A 4.3 3452.18m
2
600+00 3.32
600+10 1.87
600+20 4.22
600+30 2.99
TP - 1 3.7 0.24
9
600+40 3.67
600+50 2.11
TP - 2 3.9 0.22
0
600+60 3.95
600+70 3.81
600+80 3.50
600+90 2.70
TP - 3 4.3 0.60
2
700+00 3.56
700 +10 4.47
700 + 20 3.37
700 + 30 5.10
700 + 40 3.10

Solutions:
BM-A HI =BS+ Elevation=HI =4.32+3452. 1 8=HI =3456.5
600+00 Elevation=Elevation+ ( BS−IFS )=Elevation=3452.1 8+ ( 4.32−3.32 )
Elevation=3453 . 1 8
600+10 Elevation=Elevation+ ( BS−IFS )=Elevation=3452.1 8+ ( 4.32−1.87 )
Elevation=345 4 . 63
600+20 Elevation=Elevation+ ( BS−IFS )=Elevation=3452.1 8+ ( 4.32−4.22 )
Elevation=345 2.28
600+30 Elevation=Elevation+ ( BS−IFS )=Elevation=3452.1 8+ ( 4.32−2.99 )
Elevation=3453 . 51
TP-1 Elevation=Elevation+ ( IFS−FS )=Elevation=345 3.51+(2.99−0.24)
Elevation=345 6 .26
HI =BS+ Elevation=HI =3.79+345 6.26= HI=34 60 . 0 5
600+40 Elevation=Elevation+ ( BS−IFS )=Elevation=345 6.26+ ( 3.79−3.67 )
Elevation=345 6 .38
600+50 Elevation=Elevation+ ( BS−IFS )=Elevation=345 6.26+ ( 3.79−2.11 )
Elevation=3457 .94

TP-2 Elevation=Elevation+ ( IFS−FS )=Elevation=345 7.94+(2.11−0.22)

Elevation=345 9 .83
HI =BS+ Elevation=HI =3.9 0+345 9.83= HI=346 3.73
600+60 Elevation=Elevation+ ( BS−IFS )=Elevation=345 9.83+ ( 3.90−3.95 )
Elevation=345 9.78
600+70 Elevation=Elevation+ ( BS−IFS )=Elevation=345 9.83+ ( 3.90−3.81 )
Elevation=345 9.9 2
600+80 Elevation=Elevation+ ( BS−IFS )=Elevation=345 9.83+ ( 3.90−3.50 )
Elevation=34 60.23
600+90 Elevation=Elevation+ ( BS−IFS )=Elevation=345 9.83+ ( 3.90−2.70 )
Elevation=34 61.03
TP-3 Elevation=Elevation+ ( IFS−FS )=Elevation=34 61.03+(2.70−0.60)
Elevation=34 63.13
HI =BS+ Elevation=HI =4.32+34 63.13=HI =346 7 . 45
700+00 Elevation=Elevation+ ( BS−IFS )=Elevation=34 63.13+ ( 4.32−3.56 )
Elevation=34 6 3 . 89
700+10 Elevation=Elevation+ ( BS−IFS )=Elevation=34 63.13+ ( 4.32−4.47 )
Elevation=34 6 2 . 98

700+20 Elevation=Elevation+ ( BS−IFS )=Elevation=34 63.13+ ( 4.32−3.37 )

Elevation=34 6 4 .0 8
700+30 Elevation=Elevation+ ( BS−IFS )=Elevation=34 63.13+ ( 4.32−5.10 )
Elevation=34 6 2 .35
700+40 Elevation=Elevation+ ( BS−IFS )=Elevation=34 63.13+ ( 4.32−3.10 )
Elevation=34 6 4 .35
Station BS HI IFS FS Elevation
BM-A 4.32 3456.5 3452.18m
600+00 3.32 3453.18
600+10 1.87 3454.63
600+20 4.22 3452.28
600+30 2.99 3453.51
TP - 1 3.79 3460.05 0.24 3456.26
600+40 3.67 3456.38
600+50 2.11 3457.94
TP - 2 3.90 3463.73 0.22 3459.83
600+60 3.95 3459.78
600+70 3.81 3459.92
600+80 3.50 3460.23
600+90 2.70 3461.03
TP - 3 4.32 3467.45 0.60 3463.13
700+00 3.56 3463.89
700 +10 4.47 3462.98
700 + 20 3.37 3464.08
700 + 30 5.10 3462.35
700 + 40 3.10 3464.35
 ∑ BS=16.33 ∑ FS=1.06
D E1=∑ BS−∑ FS=D E1=16.33−1.06= D E1 =15.27 m

D E2=Elev . BM A−Last HI =D E2=3452. 1 8 m−3467.45 m

D E2=1 5 .27 m

Since D E1=D E2 the computation is correct.

Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A

WORKSHEET NO. 55
Reciprocal Leveling

Reciprocal leveling were taken across a deep and wide river and between two points
BM 43 and BM 44 as follows: From the first instrument set up near BM 43: on BM 43,
5.11, 5.14, 5.19 and 5.81 meters; on BM 44, 1.10, 1.15, 1.06 and 1.18 meters. For the
set up near BM 44 the readings are: on BM 44, 5.99, 5.82, 5.94 and 5.96 meters; on BM
43, 6.87, 6.90, 6.94 and 6.83 meters. Determine the following:
a. The difference in elevation between the two bench marks.
b. The elevation of BM 44 if the elevation of BM 43 is 11335.67meters.

Solutions:

Mean rod reading (a m) on BM 43 with set up near BM 43:

5.11m+5.14 m+5.19 m+ 5.81 m
a m= =am =5.31m
4

Mean rod reading (b m) on BM 44 with set up near BM 43:

1.10 m+1.15 m+1.06 m+1.18 m
b m= =b m=1.12 m
4

Mean rod reading (b ') on BM 44 with set up near BM 44:

m

5.99 m+5.82 m+ 5.94 m+ 5.96 m

bm' = =b m '=5.93 m
4

Mean rod reading (a ') on BM 43 with set up near BM 34:

m

6.87 m+ 6.90 m+6.94 m+6.83 m

am' = =a m ' =6.89 m
4
 D E1=a m−b m=D E1=5.31 m−1.12 m=D E1=4.19m
' '
D E2=am−b m=D E2=6.89 m−5.93 m=D E2 =0.96 m

a. True difference in elevation (TDE) between the two bench marks:

D E 1+ D E 2 4.19 m+0.96 m
TDE= =TDE= =TDE=2.58 m
2 2

b. Elevation of BM 44
BM 44=11335.67 m+TDE=BM 44=11335.67 m+2.58 m BM 44=11338.25 m

Figure