Unit 9:

Properties of Right Triangles

& Trigonometry
 Table of Contents

DAY 1: SWBAT: Solve Problems Using the Pythagorean’s Theorem and its Converse
Pgs: 3-7
HW: Pg: 8

DAY 2: SWBAT: Solve Problems involving 45-45-90 and 30-60-90 Special Right Triangles
Pgs: 9-13
HW: Pgs: 14-16

DAY 3: SWBAT: Review of Special Right Triangles

Pgs: 17-22
HW: Finish this section

DAY 4: QUEST

DAY 5: SWBAT: Right Triangle Trigonometry

Pgs: 23-29
HW: Pgs: 30-31

DAY 6: SWBAT: Solve word problems using Trigonometry and Co-functions

Pgs: 32-35
HW: Pgs: 36-38

DAY 7: SWBAT: Calculate the area of polygons using Trigonometry

Pgs: 39-44
HW: Pgs: 44-46

DAY 8: SWBAT: Use the Law of Sines to solve problems

Pgs: 47-51
HW: Pgs: 52-53

DAY 9: SWBAT: Use the Law of Sines to determine the number of triangles possible
Pgs: 54-56
HW: Pgs: 57-58

DAY 10: SWBAT: Use the Law of Cosines to solve problems

Pgs: 59-63
HW: Pgs: 64-65

DAY 11: SWBAT: Use the law of Sines and Cosines to solve Applications
Pgs: 66-71
HW: Pgs: 72-74

DAY 12: SWBAT: Review of Trigonometry

Pgs: 75-81
HW: Finish this section
 Day 1 - PYTHAGOREAN’S THEOREM
The Pythagorean Theorem is probably the most famous mathematical relationship. As you learned in recent
years, it states that in a right triangle, the sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs equals the square of the
length of the hypotenuse.

Warm – Up

3
The converse of the Pythagorean Theorem gives you a way to tell if a triangle is a right triangle when you know
the side lengths.

4
16) 17) 18)

Area

5
Summary

CONVERSE of the Pythagorean’s Theorem

6
Challenge

Exit Ticket

7
 Day 1 - HW

2√10
5

√5

8
 Day 2 – Special Right Triangles
Warm - Up

1.

2.

9
𝑥 = ____________ 𝑥 = ____________ 𝑥 = ____________
𝑦 = ____________ 𝑦 = ____________ 𝑦 = ____________

𝑥 = ____________ 𝑥 = ____________ 𝑥 = ____________

𝑦 = ____________ 𝑦 = ____________ 𝑦 = ____________

10
Practice

1. 2. 3.

4.

3.

11
6.

12
Challenge
Use the properties of trapezoids, rectangles, and right triangles to find the missing measures.
Write your answers in the box below.
n = _____
p = _____
q = _____
r = _____
t = _____

Exit Ticket

1.

2.

13
Day 2 - Homework

14
15
16
 Day 3 – Review
Pythagorean’s Theorem Review

1.

2.

17
3.

4.

5.

6. 6.

18
 45-45-90 Special Right Triangles

7.

8. 9.

10. 11.

12. The perimeter of a square is 400 m. Calculate the length of the diagonal of the square.

13. The perimeter of a square is 36 m. Calculate the length of the diagonal of the square.

19
30-60-90 Special Right Triangles

14.

Use the information marked on the figure to find the values of the variables below.
15. 16.

18 15

17. 18.

19. 11√3 20.

20
21.

22.

23. The perimeter of an equilateral triangle measures 18 cm.

What is the length of the altitude?

24. The perimeter of an equilateral triangle measures 30 cm.

What is the length of the altitude?

21
Special Right Triangles Combo

25.

26.

27.

22
Day 5 – Right Triangle Trigonometry

23
Concept 1: Finding Missing Sides of Right Triangles given an Angle
Find the measure of each side indicated. Round your answers to the nearest tenth.

24
Concept 2: Finding Missing Angles

25
26
SUMMARY of TRIG NOTES OVERALL

27
28
Challenge

Exit Ticket

29
Day 5 – Homework

30
31
 Day 6 – Word Problems & Co-functions

Problem 2: Using Trig to find a missing side Problem 3: Using Trig to find a missing angle

32
Word Problems

Two trees are 100 m apart. From the exact middle between them, the angles of elevation of their tops are
12 and 16. How much taller is one tree than the other (2 decimal places)?

A flagpole is at the top of a building. 400 ft from the base of the building, the angle of elevation of the top
of the pole is 22 and the angle of elevation of the bottom of the pole is 20. Determine the length of the
flagpole (to the nearest foot).

22°
20°
400 ft

33
Co-Functions

When looking closely at the trigonometry table a student notices that certain sine values are the same as
certain cosine values (partial table shown). What do the angles that have the same value have in common?
Degree Sine Degree Cosine
10 0.1736 80 0.1736
9 0.1564 81 0.1564
8 0.1392 82 0.1392
7 0.1219 83 0.1219
6 0.1045 84 0.1045
5 0.0872 85 0.0872
4 0.0698 86 0.0698
3 0.0523 87 0.0523
2 0.0349 88 0.0349
1 0.0175 89 0.0175
0 0.0000 90 0.0000
2. Why does the sin Ɵ = cos (90 – Ɵ)?

3. Solve the following.

a) sin 42 = cos _______ b) cos 12 = sin _______ c) sin 45 = cos _______

d) cos 0 = sin _______  e) cos 65 = sin _______ f) sin 78.5 = cos _______

4. Solve for the unknown.

a) sin (x – 5) = cos (35) b) sin (2x – 17) = cos (x – 4) c) sin (x)= cos (x)

3 1 3
d) sin ( x ) = cos ( x ) e) sin (5x – 22) = cos (x – 10) f) sin ( x  3 )= cos (66)
4 4 4

34
Summary
Co-FUNCTIONS

cos x = sin (90o - x)

sin x = cos (90o - x)

sec  = csc (90o - ) csc  = sec (90o - )

Exit Ticket

Challenge
Find the length of side p and the measure of angle m, as shown on the diagram. Give each
answer correct to the nearest whole number or degree.

35
Day 6 – Homework

36
5. A firefighter on the ground sees the fire break through a window. The angle of elevation to the
windowsill is 32. The angle of elevation to the top of the building is 40. If the firefighter is 72 ft from
the building, what is the distance from the roof to the window sill?

40°
32°
72 ft

6. Jack and Jill are on either side of the church and 50 m apart. Jack sees the top of the steeple at 40
and Jill sees the top of the steeple at 32. How high is the steeple?

h
40° 32°
50 m

7. Jack and Jill are 20 m apart. Jack sees the top of the building at 30 and Jill sees the top of the
building at 40. What is the height of building?

30° 40°
20 m x

37
8.

9.

10.

38
 Day 7 – Area of Triangles

Warm – Up
Sally and Jonathan are on
either side of the tree and
40 ft apart. Sally sees the
top of the tree at 42 and HEIGHT
Jill sees the top of the
steeple at 36. How high is 42° 36°
the tree (to the nearest
foot)?

39
 1
A = 2 𝑏ℎ

40
Concept 1: Calculating the area of a triangle given SAS

Example 1:

Example 2:

Example 3:

41
Concept 2: Calculating the Area of a Parallelogram
The area of a parallelogram is equal to twice the area of one of the triangles formed by one of the
diagonals of the parallelogram:

Example 4:

Example 5:

42
Challenge:
Find the area of a regular pentagon that has a side length of 12 cm.

Summary:

We have just discovered that the area of a triangle can be expressed using the lengths of two sides
and the sine of the included angle. This is often referred to as the SAS Formula for the area of a
triangle.

The "letters" in the formula may change from problem to problem, so try to remember the pattern
of "two sides and the sine of the included angle".

We no longer have to rely on a problem supplying us with the length of the altitude (height) of
the triangle in order for us to find the area of the triangle. If we know two sides and the
included angle, we are in business.

43
Exit Ticket:
Given two sides of the triangle shown, having lengths of 3 and 7, and their included angle of 49°, find the area of the triangle.

Homework:

Find the area of each triangle. Round each answer to the nearest tenth.
1.

2.

3.

44
4. Find the exact area. Leave answers in simplest radical form.

5. In △ 𝐷𝐸𝐹, 𝐸𝐹 = 15, 𝐷𝐹 = 20, and ∠𝐹 = 63. Determine the area of the triangle. Round to the nearest tenth.

6. A landscape designer is designing a flower garden for a triangular area that is bounded on two sides by the client’s house and
driveway. The length of the edges of the garden along the house and driveway are 18 ft. and 8 ft. respectively, and the edges
come together at an angle of 80°. Draw a diagram, and then find the area of the garden to the nearest square foot.

7. A right rectangular pyramid has a square base with sides of length 5. Each lateral face of the pyramid is an isosceles triangle.
The angle on each lateral face between the base of the triangle and the adjacent edge is 75°. Find the surface area of the
pyramid to the nearest tenth.

* Level C*
8. The Pentagon Building in Washington D.C. is built in the shape of a regular pentagon. Each side of the pentagon measures
921 ft. in length. The building has a pentagonal courtyard with the same center. Each wall of the center courtyard has a length
of 356 ft. What is the approximate area of the roof of the Pentagon Building?

45
9. A regular hexagon is inscribed in a circle with a radius of 7. Find the perimeter and area of the hexagon.

* Level C*
1
10. In the figure below, ∠𝐴𝐸𝐵 is acute. Show that Area(△ 𝐴𝐵𝐶) = 𝐴𝐶 ⋅ 𝐵𝐸 ⋅ sin ∠𝐴𝐸𝐵.
2

**CHALLENGE**
̅̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅̅
11. Let 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 be a quadrilateral. Let 𝑤 be the measure of the acute angle formed by diagonals 𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐷 . Show that
1
Area(𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷) = 𝐴𝐶 ⋅ 𝐵𝐷 ⋅ sin 𝑤.
2
(Hint: Apply the result from Problem 10 to △ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 and △ 𝐴𝐶𝐷.)

46
 Day 8
Law of Sines

Warm Up:
1.) Find the lengths of 𝑑 and 𝑒.

2.) Find the lengths of 𝑥 and 𝑦. How is this different from part (a)?

Law of Sines:
Today we will show how to find unknown measurements in triangles that are not right triangles;
we can use these formulas for acute and obtuse triangles, but today we will specifically study acute
triangles. The two formulas are the Law of Sines and the Law of Cosines. Today we will work with
the Law of Sines.
1 1 1
We just learned that the area, K, of a (any) triangle is 𝑘 = 𝑎𝑏 sin 𝐶 = 𝑎𝑐 sin 𝐵 = 𝑏𝑐 sin 𝐴
2 2 2

1
If we divide 2 𝑎𝑏𝑐 by each of these terms, we
derive a new formula called the Law of Sines:

1 1 1
𝑘 = 𝑎𝑏 sin 𝐶 = 𝑎𝑐 sin 𝐵 = 𝑏𝑐 sin 𝐴
2 2 2

47
  LAW OF SINES: For ALL TRINGLES. Given △ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 with angles ∠𝐴, ∠𝐵, and ∠𝐶 and the
sides opposite them 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐, the Law of Sines states:

𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑨 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑩 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑪

= =
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄

Or

𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
= =
𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑨 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑩 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑪

Example 1:
A surveyor needs to determine the distance between two points 𝐴 and 𝐵 that lie on opposite banks of
a river. A point 𝐶 is chosen 160 meters from point 𝐴, on the same side of the river as 𝐴. The
measures of angles ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 and ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 are 41˚ and 55˚, respectively. Approximate the distance from 𝐴
to 𝐵 to the nearest meter. Use the Law of Sines to set up all possible ratios.

48
Practice:
1.) In △ 𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝑚∠𝐴 = 30, 𝑎 = 12, and 𝑏 = 10. Find sin∠𝐵. Include a diagram in your answer.

2.) A car is moving towards a tunnel carved out of the base of a hill. As the accompanying
diagram shows, the top of the hill, 𝐻, is sighted from two locations, 𝐴 and 𝐵. The distance
between 𝐴 and 𝐵 is 250 ft. What is the height, ℎ, of the hill to the nearest foot?

49
More Practice:
3.)

4.) Solve for x:

Challenge:

50
Summary:

Exit Ticket:
In the accompanying diagram of , , , and .

What is the length of side to the nearest tenth?

1) 6.6 3) 11.5
2) 10.1 4) 12.0

51
 Day 8 - Homework:
1 3
1. In ABC , c = 8, sin C = , and sin B = . Find b.
4 8

2. In CAR , a = 24, m<A = 27, and m<C = 83. Find c to the nearest integer.

3. Find to the nearest tenth the length of one of the congruent sides of an isosceles
triangle if the measure of the base is 48.9 and the measure of the vertex angle is
57.6 .

4. A wire that is 8.5 meters long runs in a straight line from the top of a telephone pole
to a stake in the ground. If the wire makes an angle of 68 with the ground, find to
the nearest tenth of a meter the height of the pole.

52
5. In ABC , a = 3 2 , b = 5, and m< C = 45. Find the area of ABC .

6. In isosceles triangle RST, RS = ST = 6. If the measure of the vertex angle is 150 , what is the area of
RST ?

7. Find to the nearest tenth the area of a triangle if the measures of two sides and the included angle are
2.6, 5.2, and 67 .

8. In parallelogram ABCD, AB = 4, AD = 5 3 , and m<A = 60. The area of ABCD is

(1) 15 (2) 30 (3) 5 3 (4) 20 3

B C

A D

9. The area of a parallelogram is 20. Find the measures of the angles of the parallelogram if the measures to
two adjacent sides are 8 and 5.

53
 Day 9: The Ambiguous Case of the Law of Sines (SSA)
SWBAT: determine the number of triangles possible when two sides and an angle opposite one of the sides is
given.

Warm – Up:

54
55
Summary/Closure:

Exit Ticket:

56
Day 9 - HW

57
58
 Day 10
Law of Cosines

Warm Up:
A man is standing 100 feet away from the building, he notices that the angle of
elevation to the top of the building is 41º and that the angle of elevation to a poster on
the side of the building is 21º. How far is the poster from the roof of the building?

Law of Cosines:
In the last lesson we explored one formula that showed us how to find unknown measurements in
triangles that are not right triangles. Today we will learn another one, called the Law of Cosines.

 LAW OF COSINES: For ALL TRINGLES. △ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 with angles ∠𝐴, ∠𝐵, and ∠𝐶 and the sides
opposite them 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐, the law of cosines states:

𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 cos ∠𝐶.

The square of one side of the triangle is equal to the sum of

the squares of the other two sides minus the twice the
product of the other two sides and the cosine of the angle
between them.

*The objective of being able to state the law in words is to move the focus away from specific letters and
generalize the formula for any situation.

59
The Law of Cosines is really just the Pythagorean Theorem, with a something extra so
it works for all triangles. Let’s test this out.

Try it when the 𝒎∡𝑪 = 𝟗𝟎°

 What happens to the right side of the equation?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

Let’s look back at △ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 from the last lesson, with an altitude drawn from 𝐵 to 𝐴𝐶,
but this time the point where the altitude meets 𝐴𝐶, point 𝐷, divides 𝐴𝐶 into lengths
𝑑 and 𝑒.

Express e using Trigonometry with respect to ∡𝐶 .

e=

60
Now we turn to right triangle △ 𝐴𝐵𝐷. What length relationship can be concluded between the sides of
the triangle?

 By the Pythagorean theorem, the length relationship in △ 𝐴𝐵𝐷 is 𝑐 𝟐 = 𝑑 𝟐 + ℎ𝟐 .

Solve the expression (b = e + d) for 𝑑, and then substitute into the statement above.

After simplifying this equation as much as possible we end up with:

𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏cos∠𝐶

Other arrangements of this formula:

 𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 2(𝑏𝑐)cos∠𝐴
 b2 = a2 + c 2 − 2(𝑎𝑐)cos∠𝐵

61
62
Challenge:

Summary:

Exit Ticket:

63
 Day 10: HW

1. In ΔABC, AB = 8, AC= 10 and Cos A = 1/8. Find BC.

2. In BAR , if b = 1, a = 3 , and m<R = 30, then r is

(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) 3
1
(4) 3
2

3. Find to the nearest integer the measure of the base of an isosceles triangle if the
measure of the vertex angle is 70 and the measure of each leg is 20.

64
4. In BDE, b = 3, e = 5, and d = 7 . What is the value of cos D?

1
(1) -
2
1
(2)
30
9
(3)
10
4
(4)
5

5. In FTG, t = 10, g = 14, and f = 20. Find to the nearest degree the measure of ∡T.

6. Find to the nearest degree the measure of the largest angle of a triangle whose sides
measure 7, 9, and 12.

65
Day 11: Applications of Law of Sines/Cosines

66
Concept 2: Applications of Law of Sines/Law of Cosines
Example 1:

67
68
Example 3:
In the accompanying diagram of a right triangle ACD, B lies on , is drawn such that
, , and . Find AB to the nearest tenth.

69
Example 4:

Example 5:
A tractor stuck in the mud is being pulled out by two trucks. One truck applies a force of
1,200 pounds, and the other truck applies a force of 1,700 pounds. The angle between the
forces applied by the two trucks is 72.
a. Find the magnitude of the resultant force, to the nearest pound.
b. Using this answer, find the angle between the resultant and the smaller force to the
nearest tenth of a degree.

70
SUMMARY:

Exit Ticket:

71
Day 11 – Applications HW

72
73
7.

74
 REVIEW of Right Triangle Trigonometry

Find the value of x. Then tell whether the side lengths form a Pythagorean triple.
1. 2. 3.

Do the following segment lengths form a triangle? If so, is the triangle acute, obtuse, or right?
4. 2, 4, 8 5. 5, 6, 7 6. 6, 8, 15 7. 9, 12, 15

8. A helicopter rose vertically 325 meters and then flew east 500 meters. How far is the helicopter from its starting
point?

Find the values of x and y. Write your answer in simplest form.

9. 10. 11.

75
 Find all three trig functions for angle A and Angle B. Write each answer as a fraction in simplest form.

12. 13. 14.

15. 16. 17. 18.

76
 19. 20.

21. A wheelchair ramp is 4.2 meters long. It rises up 0.7 meter. What is the angle of elevation to the nearest tenth of a
degree?

22. You go to the park on a windy day to fly a kite. You have released 40 feet of string. The string makes an angle of
36 with the ground. How high is the kite in the air?

23. A 22-foot ladder is resting against the side of a building. The bottom of the ladder is 3 feet from the
building. Find the measure of the angle the ladder makes with the ground. Round your answer to the nearest
tenth.

77
24. 25.

26. 27.

28.

29.

78
30.

31.

32.

79
33.

34.

80
35.

81
Answer Keys
Day 1 – HW Answers

Day 2 – HW Answers
Day 3 - Review Answers

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Homework Day 5
Day 6 – Homework
8. x + 30 + x = 90

2x + 30 = 90

x = 30; choice (2)

9. A - 30 + 60 = 90

A + 30 = 90

A = 60; choice (2)

10. sin A = cos 50 ; cross multiplication

A + 50 = 90

A = 40
Day 7 – Homework
 1
𝐴= 𝑏ℎ
2
1 5
A = 2 (5) (2 tan 75)

A = 6.25 tan75

SA = 4(6.25 tan75) + 52

SA = 4(6.25 tan75) + 52

SA ≈ 118.3 squ
Aroof = A outer Pentagon – A inner Pentagon
1
A outer Pentagon = 5 ∙ 𝑏ℎ
2

=5 ∙ 12 (921) (921
2
tan 54)

A outer Pentagon =1,459,379.417 ft2

1
A inner Pentagon = 5 ∙ 𝑏ℎ
2

=5 ∙ 12 (356) (356
2
tan 54)

A outer Pentagon =218,046.424 ft2

Aroof = 1,459,379.417 – 218,046.424

Aroof ≈ 1,241,333 ft2

Day 8 - Homework Answers
 Algebra 2Honors
& Trig
Day 9 - Homework Answers
Geometry
Day 10 - Homework Answers
Day 11 - Homework Answers
7.
Answers to Review of Right Triangle Trigonometry

𝑥
1. 29; no 2. 2 5; no 3. 7; yes 22. sin 36 = ; 𝑥 ≈ 23.5 𝑓𝑡
40

3
4. no 5. yes; acute 6. No 23. 𝜃 = cos −1 ( ) ≈ 82.2°
22

7. yes; right 8. about 596.3 m 24. 4

9. x  4, y  2 2 10. x  8 3, y  8 25. 3

√3 1 √3
11. x  5 3, y  5 26. ∙ = ; choice (4)
2 2 4

7 24 7 √3 √2 √6
12. Sin A = 25 Cos A = 25 Tan A = 24 27. 2
∙ 2
= 4

24 7 24
Sin B = Cos B = Tan B =
25 25 7

5 12 5
13. Sin A = Cos A = Tan A =
13 13 12

12 5 12
Sin B = 13 Cos B = 13 Tan B = 5

27 3 36 4 27 3
14. Sin A = 45 = 5 Cos A = 45= 5 Tan A = 36 = 4

36 4 27 3 36 4
Sin B = = Cos B = = Tan B = =
45 5 45 5 27 3

𝑥
15. cos 39 = 14
; 𝑥 ≈ 10.88

10
16. tan 63 = 𝑦
; 𝑦 ≈ 5.10

16
17. ∡𝑥 = cos−1 (21); ∡𝑥 ≈ 40.37°

12
18. ∡𝑥 = tan−1 ( ); ∡𝑥 ≈ 67.38°
5

20 20
19. ∡𝐴 = 90-29 = 61°; AB = sin 29 ≈ 41.25; CB = tan 29 ≈ 36.08

20. ∡𝐴 = 90-28 = 62°; AC = 32 sin 28 ≈ 15.02; CB = 32 cos 28 ≈ 28.25

21.