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Chapter 8 Franchise Accounting
Chapter 8 Franchise Accounting
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Chapter 8
Accounting for Franchise Operations –
Franchisor
PROBLEM 1: TRUE OR FALSE
1. FALSE
2. FALSE
3. FALSE
4. FALSE
5. FALSE
PROBLEM 2: MULTIPLE CHOICE – THEORY
1. D
2. C
3. A
The promises are not distinct because the customer cannot use the
license without the updates, and thus, the customer cannot benefit
from each service on its own and the services are not separately
identifiable (i.e., they are highly interrelated). Accordingly, both
the promises to grant the license and to provide the updates are
accounted for together as a single performance obligation.
The entity applies the general principles (rather than the
specific principles) to determine whether the single performance
obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time.
Using the general principles, the single performance
obligation is satisfied over time because the customer
simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the entity’s
performance as it occurs, i.e., as the entity provides the updates.
4. C
5. D
6. B
7. B
8. A
9. A
10. B
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PROBLEM 3: EXERCISE
Solutions:
Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract
There are two separate performance obligations in the contract,
namely: (1) Franchise license; and (2) Equipment.
Since the license is distinct, the entity applies the specific
principles to determine whether the customer has the right to access
or right to use Native’s intellectual property.
Native will be continually involved with the license.
Accordingly, the nature of the promise is a “right to access.” The
granting of license, therefore, is satisfied over time.
Native applies the general principles to determine whether
the performance obligation to transfer the equipment is satisfied
over time or at a point in time. Since control over the equipment is
transferred to the customer upon delivery, the performance
obligation is satisfied at a point in time.
Step 3: Determine the transaction price
The transaction price includes a fixed consideration of ₱450,000
and a variable consideration of 5% of customer’s sales.
Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the obligations
Since the ₱150,000 fixed consideration reflects the stand‐alone
selling price of the equipment, this amount is allocated entirely to
the equipment. The balance of ₱300,000 is allocated to the license.
The ‘5% of sales’ variable consideration is also allocated
entirely to the franchise license.
Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) an obligation is satisfied
The ₱150,000 fixed consideration will be recognized as revenue
when the equipment is transferred to customer.
The ₱300,000 fixed consideration will be recognized as
revenue over the 10‐year license period using straight‐line
method.
The sales‐based royalty will be recognized as revenue as
the subsequent sales occur.
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Journal entries:
Jan. 1, Cash 450,000
20x1 Contract liability 450,000
Feb. 1, Contract liability 150,000
20x1 Revenue 150,000
Dec. 31, Contract liability (300K ÷ 10) x 10/12 25,000
20x1 Revenue 25,000
Dec. 31, Cash or Receivable 60,000
20x1 Revenue (1.2M x 5%) 60,000
PROBLEM 4: MULTIPLE CHOICE – COMPUTATIONAL
1. D
Solution:
7/15/x1 Equipment 100,000
12/31/x1 Franchise (700K ÷ 10 yrs.) x 5/12 29,167
12/31/x1 Franchise (600K x 10%) 60,000
Total revenue in 20x1 189,167
2. B
Solution:
The only performance obligation in the contract is the promise to
grant the license. The nature of the promise is to provide the
customer with a “right to access” because the customer would
reasonably expect that Baguio Beans will undertake activities that
will affect the intellectual property (i.e., ‘continue to play games
and provide a competitive team’). Accordingly, the performance
obligation is satisfied over time. The revenue in 20x1 is computed
as follows:
Fixed consideration (200K ÷ 2 yrs.) 100,000
Royalty (1M x 20%) 200,000
Total revenue in 20x1 300,000
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3. D
Solution:
The only performance obligation in the contract is the promise to
grant the license. The nature of the promise is to provide the
customer with a “right to use” because the intellectual property
(i.e., the song) will not change. Accordingly, the performance
obligation is satisfied at a point in time.
Since the timing of the agreed payments provides the
customer with a significant benefit of financing, the promised
consideration is discounted. The discounted amount is recognized
as contract revenue in full on January 1, 20x1. The difference
between the undiscounted and discounted amounts of the
promised consideration is recognized as interest revenue over the
2‐year term of the note receivable. The contract revenue revenue
in 20x1 is computed as follows:
10,000 x (PV of ordinary annuity @1%(a), n=24(b))
10,000 x 21.2434 = 212,434
(a) 12% per annum rate ÷ 12 months in a year
(b) 2 years x 12 months in a year
*The interest revenue in 20x1 is ₱20,117, computed by preparing
monthly amortization table.
4. C
Solution:
The only performance obligation in the contract is the promise to
provide the secret formula.
By the terms of the agreement, Plankton can direct the use
of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, the
license at the point in time at which the license is granted because
the intellectual property will not change. (i.e., Mr. Krabs does not
continue to be involved with the secret formula and does not
undertake activities that significantly affect the intellectual
property to which the Plankton has rights). Therefore, the license
provides the customer the right to use the entity’s intellectual
property. Accordingly, the performance obligation is satisfied at a
point in time.
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7. A
Solution:
The initial services are not performance obligations. Accordingly,
this case is accounted for similar to the previous case (i.e., right to
access/ satisfied over time).
Contract revenue (80,747 ÷ 10 yrs.) 8,075
Interest revenue (60,747 x 12%) 7,290
Total revenue in 20x2 15,365
8. A
Solution:
The only performance obligation in the contract is the promise to
grant the license.
The nature of the promise is to provide the customer with
the “right to access” the entity’s intellectual property as it exists
throughout the license period because the intellectual property to
which the customer has rights changes throughout the license
period. This is evidenced by the following:
new characters are continually created and the images of the
characters are continually changed
the contract requires the customer to use the latest images of
the characters.
Therefore, the performance obligation is satisfied over time.
The problem states that the contract does not contain significant
financing component. Therefore, the annual payments of ₱1
million per year are recognized as revenue as they become due.
9. D
Solution:
‘Step 1’ of PFRS is not met because the consideration in the
contract is not probable of collection. Accordingly, the
consideration received is recognized as a liability. Knock will
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continue to assess the contract to determine if the criteria are
subsequently met.
10. A
Solution:
Revenues
Franchisee A (20,000 cash down payment + 60,747 PV of note) 80,747
Franchisee B (20K cash down p. + 24,018 adjusted PV of note) 44,018
Franchisee C ‐
Total revenues 124,765
Costs of franchise
Franchisee A (32,000)
Franchisee B (25,000)
Franchisee C ‐
Total costs of franchise (57,000)
Gross profit 67,765
Interest income (60,747 + 24,018 + 33,801) x 12% x 6/12 7,114
Profit for the year 74,879
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e. Pro‐forma journal entries:
i. Cash 2,000,000
(contract Contract liability 2,000,000
inception)
ii.
No entry
(signs)
iii.
No entry
(equipment)
iv.
(initial No entry
services)
v.
No entry
(opening)
vi. Contract liability 16,666.67
(end of first Revenue (2M ÷ 10) x 1/12 16,666.67
month of
to recognize revenue from the
operations)
initial franchise fee
Cash or Receivable 40,000
Revenue (800K x 5%) 40,000
to recognize revenue from the
royalty fee
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Journal entries:
Jan. 1, Cash 1,400,000
20x1 Contract liability 1,400,000
July 1,
No entry
20x1
Dec. 31, Contract liability (1.4M ÷ 7) x 6/12 100,000
20x1 Revenue 100,000
to recognize revenue from the upfront fee
Dec. 31, Cash or Receivable 450,000
20x1 Revenue (9M x 5%) 450,000
to recognize revenue from the sales‐based
royalty