Organizational

Design
Sayed Mahmood Fazli
Sayed.mfazli@gmail.com
0706317442
Organizational Design

The core disciplines of the behavioral sciences are

psychology, sociology and anthropology.
Although each of these disciplines is concerned with human
behavior and nature, there are little commonly accepted
theories among them.
In fact, there is widespread disagreement about the
problems that need to be analyzed within the organizations
and society.

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 Psychology

Psychology deals with studying human behavior that seeks

to measure, explain and sometimes change the behavior
of humans and other animals.

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Some of the numerous areas of interest within the
disciplines of psychology are:
• General Psychology
• Experimental Psychology
• Clinical Psychology
• Consumer Psychology
• Personality and Social Psychology
• Industrial Psychology
• Counseling Psychology
• Educational Psychology
• Consulting Psychology

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Personality Psychology

Personality psychology is a branch of psychology that

studies personality and its variation among individuals. It

is a scientific study which aims to show how people are

individually different due to psychological forces. Its

areas of focus include: ... investigation of individual

psychological differences.

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 Sociology

The major focus of sociologists is on studying the social

systems in which individuals fill their roles. The focus of
attention is centered on group dynamics.

Psychologists are primarily interested to focus their

attention on the individual behavior.

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Anthropology

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Managing Workforce Diversity

Employing different categories in terms of

gender, race, ethnicity, relation, community,
physically disadvantaged, elderly people etc.
Reason to employ heterogeneous category of
employees talents and potentialities, harnessing
the innovativeness, obtaining synergetic effect
among the divorce workforce.
In general, employees wanted to retain their
individual and cultural identity, values and life
styles even though they are working in the same
organization with common rules and regulations.
The major challenge for organizations is to
become more accommodating to diverse groups
of people by addressing their different life styles,
family needs, and work styles.

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 Stimulating Innovation and Change

Today’s successful organizations must foster innovation and be

proficient in the art of change; otherwise, they will become candidates
for extinction in due course of time and vanished from their field of
business.

Victory will go to those organizations that maintain flexibility, continually

improve their quality, and beat the competition to the market place with
a constant stream of innovative products and services.
Example:
Compaq succeeded by creating more powerful personal computers for
the same or less money than EBNM or Apple, and by putting their
products to market quicker than the bigger competitors.
Amazon.com is putting a lot of independent bookstores out of business
as it proves you can successfully sell books from an Internet website.

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 Emergence of E-Organisation & E-Commerce

It refers to the business operations involving the electronic mode

of transactions. It encompasses presenting products on websites
and filling the order.

The vast majority of articles and media attention given to using the
Internet in business are directed at online shopping.
In this process, the marketing and selling of goods and services
are being carried out over the Internet.

It is a dramatic change in the way a company relates to its

customers. At present e-commerce is exploding. Globally, e-
commerce spending was increasing at a tremendous rate.

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WHAT COULD YOU SEE HERE !

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Points about Perception
Perception is the process by which you give meaning to your
environment by organizing and interpreting stimuli into a
psychological experience.

Because perception varies across individuals , people see the same

thing in different ways.

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In the eye of the beholder

Process of response to environmental stimuli

Selection
Organization

No two people will necessarily perceive situation the same

Individuals base behaviour on perceived verity.

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 ATTITUDES

It is defined as individuals’ feelings likes and dislikes, pros and

cons, favorable or unfavorable, positive or negative towards
various other people, objects, events or activities. These are the
evaluative statements – either favorable or unfavorable towards
object or people. I like coke. I do not like rock music.

Attitudes can be defined as an individual’s feelings about or

inclinations towards other persons, objects, events, or activities.
Attitudes encompass such affective feelings as likes and dislikes,
and satisfactions and dissatisfactions.

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Components of Attitudes

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Heredity
The genetic components inherited from our parents at the time of
conception determine strongly the personality characteristics of an
individual. The color, height, physical statutory, facial attractiveness,
gender, temperament, muscle composition, inheritable diseases etc
are considered to be inherited from our parents.
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TYPES OF PERSONAILITY
Extroversion and Introversion: This deals with whether the focus
of attention is directed towards outwardly or inwardly. Where do
you prefer to focus your attention?
Extroversion: Extroverted attention flows outward to the world of
objects and people or external ideas. They are interacting more
with people.
Agreeable: Trusting, good natured, cooperative, soft hearted.
Conscientiousness: Dependable, responsible, achievement
oriented,
1 persistent

Emotional stability: Related, secure, and unworried

Openness to experience: intellectual, imaginative, curious, broad

minded.
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