Dato:

Dorl- Founiea hanstoimS and

Z- T1ansloim9

Tnhoike tounun tanstosm (01 complex

fousieI hond
and InuGSe Aou hanstomm
The intionitc dounita hanstom oun hanotonm
tho acal valucda x) 19 detined by
FUaa Cac)_u da 0UIded he

X1st o0 d 1ntcgnadrog (we Obf aula

Mcc
in ot uhich 1a uGuay denotd bq flu)
Cu
Tht inueast founles hanato1m of FM denotcd by
F ) T 01 F°(uI_and 19 dttned by the
nktonal Flu)ur du
2T

00 1nkconahon we Obfaun a, funchon ofa

FCu) ua du
2T

NOTE
-i 7

d aT

Sau d I
2
 papergrid
Date: I
FInd the totiiea ha0sBoim oB
o

and hence tualualc

S109 ds
we have the dtki0idson 6touniea
FC)= ACa) euoc do hanstomm
-O

Ca) eiuo da

F(u) = e 'uX

F
eiuc7
-

FCu) i eit O
wkt CO99+19100
R,_
c0GQ-i910G
omO
F(u)=-1CO9P +i9iniu-coiu-is10u

12 snu
E(u)= 2 S1nu
 Dale

h
he. al
c c

consic
o n s i d u

tetces
A O c eUaluale

dslel

9109
h a n g t o n m

dountO
nue9c
a 10 du
FCc)

21
DLut 0
4(x)_1 F(u)_du
1T

Co)=

F(u)_du

A GiOu_du
2T

O0u_du
TT

910u du hom

UC haue tho aopRnts of

1ntegraA
Ca) d 2 d ()1 Wn

Enethe tunchon SI 19 aN ven untio

70u
 papergrid
Sinu du Date:

plac. by 9 0mdx by 2

S105 dS I

DtoittoD of ohnite. founitn

Tup hansoama
FOuie FCu)
nanston Tnvis hanstmm
(o)U de C) FCu)
monstonm du

FOUiIe FLU)-Ca)cosu da
CoGIne hans ) 2TT FCu) cogur du
oam

Foun1 Sine su ) ANuOC docox 2 SInur du

honstonm TJ

AHtanahue Detnthons
Typt hansBon Tovnse hangtonm
Fotyiied FC)1 LE du
angtomm T J2T
FOuiea C)CosuZ dr A) 2F.C) cosutd
T
C0sine hans-
tonm
FOLITE 910efs (u Fa Cr Ginu dr C) FsC)einurdu
hranstonm T
 Date:

i-x xlKL
Eind the founita hanstomm of x )

and heACL And he

valuc of

co330xcfada

tu haut the dehnittoo of touait honstomM

F(u) = Coius da

ECu) C1-) u d

)0 1 CL )
Fu C - ) eius d a

applying bnnoulhis aule of heom

C-7aua 2
(ju
FCu)= 2 2 e iur

2
3
wkt
eiu C09u t 1510L
COSu- i01nL
 papergrid
Date:

= cOSu and eL e iSI0u

tqa becomtg
FCu)
2(2
C2
c0su) -2i Cisinu)
FCu) 60SuL t 4 10tL
2 u
FC)= y StOu- ucoSL
u3

To
valuate Oc0S x- S0L da
& conaidea the deB1nihon O nense hanutom
FC) _ RC F) E du
2tT

put a 0
F Cu du
2T

abaue exmSio0 become9

FC du
21T
-

TI FCuO d

QTT 4510u-ucosu du

u cOsu- S10u du
=-
3
 mopents o intconal
ue have the
t (da = 2 a doc
-O
ucogu 9nu 15 QN even
hene the tunctron u

nce u -U
0
0 d -I
tucos 2
u9

eplaceu by a

ToTo nd he valu o the inkcra cosoc-910z_z

Le ug apply the dttatton o nu SE tsanstom

FC du
211

NOU SubsHBute. a: 2
Co) - 1

Tn the aboue expmCsON U get

FCu) F e_d
27 J
-tn-
 papergrid
Date

2
2

ifC Sin du L
2
2
NOtD cQ cLadin.qneal
QRt ponBs hom both sides ut
FCe) Co9 du
2 3L
2

- 2 2
(Sinu-uCDSu 0S

C09-Sinu COS du -3T

u
AOCU eplacngq D a
3dcOSKSintE Co`(Jds = 3T

QFind tHu fouI 910G hanatmm ofE

We haMe

opplyngthe dthot1oo 9ne ansfoam ea

 Date:

u d

Fs.C) gnus dr

d alsn Libnr
applnq Leibnrz
dit Si0uz wt
d t t n a n h a k o n undy
tnera A
u l of-

G10uL da
dfsu))= ou
du
a C09UTa d

Fg'C) co9u da

wkt cocha. cosbtcosbot bS1nbaJ

o+b2

co9ucco9uc t u s1oux
0 tb

F ) L L-a +0
0+
F'Cu)
a+2
 papergrid
Date:
1ncosa10q unt u
FsC)_a du
a+u2

A tañ u tc
FsCu

FsODuhshtute
CuD =
u-0
SLnur dx

FsCo) 0
O +an Co) tc

Q nd douiitg c0Sne hanstonm o r

(x)=
1t2

apply1ng th dtnition of dounnta COS1OE han8tenm_

FeCt A co9ur de
05ua da

diwnt u
Ccesux) da
 iles

91nus)d

ddu if Gnu d

mutiply nd dhuid by
Sinus ds
(1+a

add ond subhact by 1 umAaton

(at)- 910u d
(1+2)T

( 91nus do t| inu d
(+ )

d[Fc 2
SLnuX dz-
du (+1)
Ogauo dilt e9n 1t u
(
d2 LFcCu 0 t SinuL) da
du2 (142)x ôu

A CoSuc) dc

C0SO dx
du2 (Ita)
F)feCu) hom t9n O
F"Cu) fCu) =0

du2
 papergrid
Date:

tuhnc D d
du
Luhih 1s homogen eous LDE. wtth conant cot kkrcuent
AE 19 m 0

Goln 9 LF FcCt)
C1etCaE
Ee Cct)CLettC -
U:0 10
tqn )
FcCo) CItC
but FCu) COGUCX da
+o2
fcto) da
It 2

FCo)Ltan (a tan oo tan o

2

fCo) I
22

CtC2 I - O

DOLU diti 290 tmtu

Fu) CIe C2

F'o): C-C2
Byt fCu)- T * 9Inug d
C+
feC0) +0

fCo) -T2
CLC I
 Date

C Tt2
C- -T2
3C1 0

C
Subshhtue in ton
2

FCu)T

05h dn: I20 31.ng i0u0st COSM

1+
Le haue tha denkron ui nu1SE Aounita hauton
C)2 2 FC) cosur du -
TT
Deed to nd F()
Hence opply he debiDHo.n tounen cosine hnom
.EfcCu) co9ur d

(D
Cu)- EC05Ux da

cosbc ds e a.Cosbs t b sinb

I+u2

lo--t (o50t u910J

+u2
 papergrid
Date:

t+u2
Fu) =
btu2

TT C0Sur du
Itu2

COsu du = I
+u2 2

Replace uby
COS dA
2

Eind touniea Si0e hanstomm of Gnd ben.ce

ealuatt G1n ma dx
It2
We haue the dho ttion_ ot tounta aine_ banstom.m
() aSinur da
e, da

cukt 1nba da = e0 a gn ba-bcos ba)

a2+b2

(-1-1SiDuz- u cosua
J
C-1810ua -ucOGu
+2
0- 0- ucos o
Itu
FaCu) -(- =_u
+u2
 Date:

Ca ac einur d
T
inuT du
T Ituz

pLIT m_
u Si0 um du

epla.ceu by
S10 ma di:T e
 papergrid

Dlfencn C
Tangfomm Date:

Rdadonship bdain dillenenceo Mn

unkoown unchion
uatues of Aht Cdependent voniable ) a SN.cmal
cquad ton ol ndepend
Ah lonm
ent Voniable

tAshnc
and ,L, 2,
VL (LU
Conalans 19called
DCndo1 o1 n ncor ditteaace cqn
otho ondg ue Can
a
diffonenoc.
Valus qn 1 9au hat
tlatronahp 0amo the

hansdoim Uo (n)
dtlned
Ond Un0,to0 ton al
0,thcs Ahe 0:0.1.2,3.
n denoted by 77(u)and 2 hanstoam 0f
2 CU) n
19 deftcd by
"| (O
he 91t9 00 th RN9 o
egn O ConUng9 tnd it
l be a unch00 2 0nd we can
ZTtio) ü(2) -- oMte
cqn ) COn aloo be lteo d9
his 19 Calledhe
anst onm invase
 papergriId
Date:

shocw that 2-
hansdonm o Z (n)
piopeak : 21(n)uhne
d
dz
inecg
cOnside RHS e -Z d27 (nK
moof
by d o t 27
22 d2 _n"
0

-z 0-0
-n
n

ZT Cn* ) =LHS
Thug
77(n)=-2 d_Z (n)
dz
Hence,theimoof

tx)fnd )Z1CK°

w_ have def of 77un)= i un

00

27 (K) e k
00
z

uhich sbiLomehiC Genicg and twhosc Sum cf

 papergrid
Date:

K/z

Thus
27 Ck) 2
Z-K
ZTCD
w hau 2T ( un)= Ua2-
put K=1 J0 H abOVe nesult
2 1

Z-

puK UWe have 7Cn *) =-z d 77 (aK-").

d2
put p K-
which implirs
2T (n) -Z d ZT (n°)

-2 dZT()
dz
-2 d

z 2 - -1(2) -Z-1-z|
(2-1)2 (Z 1)2
27(0)
(2-1

have 2T (n)-z d Z(n)

Ue d2

put K 2
27(D)
l(n): -z d
d2
2
Z1(n)=-2 d
dz L)*
z 1(7- a Cz-)2
(2-1)
27-R7- (22-L
(7-
-z (77+- -}9z'+
(2-n4
-272; -72
Cz-
2-22;
(2-19

(z-1) 2-1)4
2(O(2+D
2-19
ZTn) z CZt)
(z-n3
722
(2-1)3
 422
(2-1) papergrid
2Cn3) Date:

uUt
hau ZT (o) -2 d
dz
Zr (n)
put k: 3

Lineanih mopnt
atemeñB: T uo and Va be ans
two discneke ualue
unctiooShenL
uhat Ci and Ca Oie conadants

Dampinq Rule
Stemt 7T (Un)=k) thea
Zkun)
7 K u n ) : +(kz)

Damping
Rule-
Rule
Applicataog of
7knz|21Ln2
Jzk

2-1)Jz-z/k

(2/K-1
2/K
K

z/Kx K2
(2-K)2
xK

(2-K
27 (K)= k3
-K)

2Z t2
2-1)3

22 2xk
-K)3
(2 Kz) K*
 papergrid
Date:

(2-K)

Jz K

(Z 1 J2z
K

xk2
2
k3 K

2 4K72 4 2K2 x K

(7 4kz zk*)K
(2-11

(7-)9

L19t ot 7-Tanstmm
2-1
3 71(n) 2
2-1)3

27 CKa)=2
2-K
2-K

Zn)=22 C7 k n K224 Kz
(Z-1
(2-K)3
ZTCn) 24 yz42 Zr (K03)=2°k+4K +2k3
-1 C2-
 GhilogRule
Rule_
Rrghtshifttnq
Rtght
Z(un)=k(z)
Ahen
hen 27 (ln-k) Z ücz) k2o
Lttshilhng Rule
tt
atK)z z ) - u o -Uz-U2 2-
l k 2 1 ) 2
NOTE Z (Unt) : 2{klz) -Ua
Zr Un) =2*k2) - U-dz
3Zr (un+a) 731 ü2) up-Uiz-Ua Z"