Equipment General

Introduction

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 Table of contents

1. Objective
2. Equipment Classification
2.1.Static Equipment
2.1.1. Heat Exchanger
2.1.2. Pressure vessel
2.1.3. Tank
2.2. Rotating Equipment
2.2.1. Pump
2.2.2. Blower
2.2.3. Compressor

3. Design, Fabricate and Install Equipment

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 EQP. General Introduction
Objectives
• To provide learner an image of major equipment
types using in refinery and chemical plant and
how they are designed and fabricated

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 EQP. General Introduction
Equipment Classification
Equipment

Rotating
Static Equipment Others
Equipment

Pressure
Exchanger Tank Misc Pump Blower Compressor
vessel

Package Boiler
Furnace

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 Equipment Classification

Static Equipment

Pressure
Exchanger Tank Misc
vessel

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 Equipment Classification
Exchanger
Heat exchanger: Exchanging heat from one fluid to another.

c. Air Fin Cooler 6

 Equipment Classification
Exchanger
Shell & tube exchanger: Heat transferrs from hot fluid to cool
fluid through the wall of steel tube
COMMODITY IN (Hot)
(SHELL IN)

COOLING MEDIUM (Hot)

(CHANNEL OUT)

PASS
PARTITION

COMMODITY OUT (Cold)

COOLING MEDIUM (Cold) (SHELL OUT)
(CHANNEL IN)
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 Equipment Classification
Exchanger
Shell & tube exchanger (Cont.)

TEMA: Tubular Exchanger

Manufacturers Association (USA)

TUBE NOZZLE HORIZONTAL BAFFLE

VERTICAL
TUBE BAFFLES
BUNDLE

HEAD SHELL
COVER COVER

TUBE SIDE SHELL

FIXED TUBE SHEET

SHELL NOZZLE
SUPPORT
SADDLE 8
 Equipment Classification
Exchanger
Shell & tube exchanger (Cont.)

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 Equipment Classification
Exchanger
Shell & tube exchanger (Cont.)

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 Equipment Classification
Air Fin Cooler (AFC)
Air fin cooler: Using the air as cold fluid to cool the hot fluid that
flow inside the tube bundle

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 Equipment Classification
AFC (Cont.)
Air fin cooler: Using the air as cold fluid to cool the hot fluid that
flow inside the tube bundle
FLUID IN

FLUID OUT
Tube bundle Staggered Tube Layout Finned Tubes

Forced Draft Induced Draft

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 Equipment Classification
AFC (Cont.)
Air fin coolers normally locate on top of pipe rack

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 Equipment Classification
AFC (Cont.)
Air fin coolers normally locate on top of pipe rack

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 Equipment Classification
Static Equipment
Pressure Vessels: A closed container designed to hold gases or
liquids at a design pressure above 15 psig (~1.05 kg/m2)

Pressure Vessels

Column Drum Reactor

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 Equipment Classification
Column (Tower)

Application of Column

1. Fractionation
(Distillation) Column
2. Reaction Column
3. Extraction Column
4. Absorption Column
5. Washing Column
6. Etc.

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 Equipment Classification
Column (cont.)
Operation principle of Distillation
Column
1. Hot vapor from Bottom comes up.
2. Cool liquid from top comes down
3. Liquid flow entrains high molecular
weight component in vapor flow
4. Vapor flow entrains light molecular
weight component in liquid flow
5. Temperature decease from bottom to up
Fluid with specific molecular weight
range can be extracted

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 Equipment Classification
Column (cont.)

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 Equipment Classification
Drum

1. Horizontal Drum
2. Vertical Drum
➢ Normally Drum have no
internal parts

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Typical structure
 Equipment Classification
Drum (cont.)

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 Equipment Classification
Drum (cont.)
Application of Drum
1. Vapor-Liquid Separator
2. Liquid-Liquid Separator
3. Knockout Drum
4. Flash Drum
5. Mixing Drum
6. Etc

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 Equipment Classification
Tank
Equipment used as container

Note: Classification between pressure Vessel and Tank is not clear.

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 Equipment Classification
Tank (cont.)
Type of Tank

Design code: API 620, API 650 , API 653, API 2000... 23
(API: American Petroleum Institute)
 Equipment Classification
Tank (cont.)
Type of Tank

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 Equipment Classification
Tank (cont.)
Fixed cone roof tank

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 Equipment Classification
Tank (cont.)
Floating roof tank

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 Equipment Classification
Tank (cont.)
Ineternal floating cone roof tank

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 Equipment Classification
Tank (cont.)

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 Equipment Classification
Tank (cont.)

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 Equipment Classification
Tank (cont.)

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 Equipment Classification
Tank (cont.)

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 Equipment Classification
Rotating Equipment
2.2. Rotating Equipment

2.2.1. Pump 2.2.2. Blower 2.2.3. Compressor

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 Equipment Classification
Pump
A pump is a machine for raising a liquid - a relatively incompressible fluid
- to a higher level of pressure or head
(Refer JPEP-0-1360-G-4411 Rev. 1)

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 Equipment Classification
Pump
Classification of Centrifugal Pumps according to Structural Features

END-TOP

TOP-TOP

SIDE-SIDE 34
 Equipment Classification
Pump
Classification of Centrifugal Pumps according to Structural Features (Cont.)

END-TOP

TOP-TOP

SIDE-SIDE 35
 Equipment Classification
Blower
A blower is a machine for
moving volumes of a gas
with moderate increase of
pressure

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 Equipment Classification
Compressor
A compressor is a machine
for raising a gas - a
compressible fluid - to a
higher level of pressure

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 Design, fabricate and install EQP.
Work Flow
Process Piping Mechanica Civil Procureme Manufacturer Construction
Dept. Dept. l Dept. Dept. nt Dept. Dept.

-Mechanical
datasheet
-Detail design -Select
Process manufacturer
(Engineering -Installation at
datasheet -Negotiate
Drawings) site
-Manufacturer price
evaluation -Place order
-Plot plan
develop
-Fabrication
-Delivery to
site
-Design
-Nozzle
Foundation
orientation
-Design
-Support lug
Support
-Installation
structure
level

How an equipment be designed, fabricated and installed?

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Note: If required, ELEC and I&C Department also involve above process
 Design, fabricate and install EQP.
Work Flow
Process Data Sheet
Indicate process requirement
➢Capacity
➢Design condition
➢Operating condition
➢Material category
➢Main dimensions
➢Function of nozzles
➢LLL, LLLL, HLL, HHLL
➢Others

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 Design, fabricate and install EQP.
Work Flow
Mechanical Data Sheet (or
Engineering Drawing)
Provide Information for
mechanical design
➢Design/Operating condition
➢Design code
➢Testing
➢Thickness
➢Weight
➢Type of material
➢Nozzle information
➢Insulation
➢Painting
➢General Drawing
➢Others 40
 Design, fabricate and install EQP.
Work Flow

Fabrication Drawings
Provide information for
fabrication & installation
➢Steel plate cutting plan (body,
roof, bottom)
➢Nozzle details
➢Lug detail
➢Stair, ladder, handrail detail
➢Skirt, leg detail
➢Anchor chair detail
information
➢Etc…

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 Design, fabricate and install EQP.
Work Flow

Unloading

Fabrication at Shop

Erection

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Transportation to site Dressing up (If required)
EQP. General Introduction

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 Questions
Select the correct answer as below

Who prepares the Process EQP Data Sheet?

Process Engineer

Project Engineer

Piping Engineer

Instrument Engineer

EQP Engineer 44
 Questions
Select the correct answer as below

Who prepares the Mechanical Data Sheet?

Process Engineer

Project Engineer

Piping Engineer

Instrument Engineer

EQP Engineer 45
EQP. General Introduction

Thank you for your attention.

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