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Wuolah Free Gramatica Ingles
Wuolah Free Gramatica Ingles
Wuolah Free Gramatica Ingles
PRESENT:
- Simple:
·Routines, habits ( usually, always, often, rarely, never, etc)
·Facts
·Timetable
·Stative verbs
- Continuous:
·Now ( now, right now, at the moment)
·Temporary actions ( this year, at the present, today, these days/ month)
·Future plans ( tomorrow, tonight, next Friday)
- Perfect simple:
·Began in the past and continues until the present
·Took place at indeterminate time in the past but is connected to the present
·( never, ever, already, just, yet, recently, for, since, lately)
PAST:
- Simple:
·Finished in the past ( last night, yesterday, 2 years ago, etc)
- Continues:
·In progress at specific time ( while, when, as)
·In progress, interrupted ( past simple)
·2 actions in progress, at the same time
- Perfect simple:
·Happens before another past action ( already, by…, before, until, just)
FUTURE:
- Simple ( will) :
·Predictions
·Spontaneous
·Timetable
- Be going to:
·Future plans
·About to happen
- Perfect simple:
·Will be completed by a certain time in the future ( habré terminado)
·Example: By this time next week, we will have finished the school project.
·( By this time next week, by 3 o´clock, by the end of…, by then, by August)
- Continuous:
·In progress ( estaré viajando)
·Example: At this time next Monday, Alison will be playing in the concert.
·( At this time tomorrow/ next.., on Thursday, in the next decade, soon)
● UNIT 1:
● UNIT 2:
CONDICIONALES:
- 0 conditional:
·If/ unless + present , present simple
·FACT
·Example: If you don't prepare, you don´t do well.
- First conditional:
·If/ unless + present simple , will + verb
·FUTURE
·Example: If it rains this weekend, I will stay at home.
- Second conditional:
·If/ unless + past simple , would/ could/ modals
·PRESENT
·Example: If I were you , I would study.
- Third conditional:
·If/ Unless + past participle , would /could / modals + have + participle
·PAST
·Example: If you had studied , you would have passed.
TIME CLAUSES:
WISH/ IF ONLY:
- Wish/ if only + past simple:
·Situaciones presentes que quisiéramos cambiar o mejorar.
·Example: I wish I knew more about Mars (Ojala supiera más sobre Marte).
·Si el verbo que va en Past Simple es to be, hay que usar were en todas las
personas: I wish Paul were here ( Ojalá Paul estuviera aquí).
● UNIT 3:
THE PASSIVE:
- Verb to be in the same verb tense from the + Main verb = past
active voice sentence participle
- Special forms:
· Verbs that introduce an opinion, thought or belief often have a special passive form.
(Say, think, believe, expect, consider).
Present simple Liz uses the computer every day The computer is used by Liz every day
Present continuous Liz is using the computer every day The computer is being used by Liz every..
Past simple Liz used the computer every day The computer was used by Liz every day
Past continuous Liz was using the computer every day The computer was being used by Liz….
Present perfect simple Liz has used the computer every day The computer has been used by Liz...
Past perfect simple Liz had used the computer every day The computer had been used by Liz..
Future simple Liz will use the computer every day The computer will be used by Liz every...
Modals Liz should use the computer every day The computer should be used by Liz….
Modal perfects Liz may have used the computer every day The computer may have been used by….
Have to Liz has to use the computer every day The computer has to be used by Liz...
Be going to Liz is going to use the computer every day The computer is going to be used by...
THE CAUSATIVE:
·Esta estructura es usada para referirse a una acción que no realizamos nosotros, sino que
se la encargamos a alguien.
·Structure: Have/ get + object + past participle
·Example: Yesterday, my car broke down…. I had it fixed ( by a mechanic)
V O P.P
● UNIT 4:
LOS MODALES:
Son invariables, por lo que tienen una misma forma para todas las personas y no se
conjugan.
No necesitan do/ does para formar la negativa ni la interrogativa.
Siempre van seguidos de un verbo base.
- Can:
·Solo se usa con present simple.
·Expresar habilidad o capacidad. Ex: Beth can speak 5 languages
·Hacer peticiones, dar y pedir permiso. Ex: Can I join the hockey team?
·Indicar posibilidad. Ex: We can watch Formula One races on TV.
·Hacer sugerencias. Ex: You can take a taxi to go to the train station.
- Be able to:
·Tiene el mismo significado que can, pero con can solo puede emplearse el present
simple, en el resto de tiempos verbales usamos be able to.
- Can´t:
·Prohibición. Ex: They can't use hi-tech equipment.
·Deducción negativa. Ex: That can't be Pam. She was injured during training.
·Certeza de que algo es imposible.
- Could:
· Expresar habilidad o capacidad en el pasado. Ex: Mark could play golf when he
was young.
· Hacer peticiones más educadas que con can. Ex: Could you take me to the
stadium?
· Indicar posibilidad más remota que con can. Ex: Jane could become an Olympic
athlete.
· Hacer sugerencias menos directas que con can. Ex: You could invite your friends
to see the match.
- May/ might:
· Expresan posibilidad ( más remota cuando se emplea might). Ex: I may/ might
compete this year.
· May se puede usar para :
- dar, pedir o denegar permiso. Ex: May I borrow your tennis racquet, please?
- para hacer peticiones más formales que con can.
- Need to:
·Obligación o necesidad. Ex: Many swimmers need to improve their breathing
technique.
- Have to:
· Mismas funciones que must aunque la obligación no es tan fuerte.
· Como must solo puede usarse en present simple, en el resto de tiempos verbales
usamos have to.
·Ex: We have to win tomorrow's match.
- Needn´t:
· No hay obligación o necesidad de hacer algo. Ex: You needn´t bring a ball.
- Would:
· Pedir de forma educada. Ex: Would you close the door, please?
· Ofrecer de forma educada. Ex: Would you like to go sailing?
● UNIT 5:
REPORTED SPEECH:
Present simple “The suspect cooperates with the He said that the suspect cooperated
police.” with the police.
Present continuous “The suspect is cooperating with the He said that the suspect was
police.” cooperating with the police.
Past simple “The suspect cooperated with the He said that the suspect had
police.” cooperated with the police.
Past continuous “The suspect was cooperating with the He said that the suspect had been
police.” cooperating with the police.
Present perfect simple “The suspect has cooperated with the He said that the suspect had
police.” cooperated with the police.
Present perfect continuous “The suspect has been cooperating with He said that the suspect had been
the police.” cooperating with the police.
Past perfect simple “The suspect had cooperated with the He said that the suspect had
police.” cooperated with the police.
Past perfect continuous “The suspect had been cooperating with He said that the suspect had been
the police.” cooperating with the police.
Future simple “The suspect will cooperate with the He said that the suspect would
police.” cooperate with the police.
Can Could
May Might
Now Then
Tomorrow The following day/ the day after/ the next day
Here There
This That
These Those
- Reported questions:
·1 - Las Yes/ No questions: se emplea el verbo ask y a continuación if o whether.
Entonces, como la pregunta deja de serlo y se convierte en una afirmación, no hay
inversión sujeto - verbo ni signo de interrogación.
Ex: Have you turned on the alarm? Frank asked. - Frank asked if/ whether I had
turned on the alarm.
·2- Las Wh-questions: son las que empiezan con what, who, where, when, why,
whose, how, how long,etc. Al pasarlas al estilo indirecto ponemos dicha partícula en
lugar de if o whether. Luego van el sujeto y el verbo, y prescinden del signo de
interrogación y de las comillas.
Ex: When did you find the stolen money? he asked - He asked when they had found
the stolen money.
- Reported suggestions:
·Primero se pone el sujeto y después el verbo suggest o recommend en pasado, y a
continuación, decimos lo que sugirió esa persona.También se puede usar advice o
invite. Se puede para a estilo directo de dos formas:
1-Usando una oración de complemento directo introducida por that, con su sujeto y
el verbo base:
Ex: “Change your password from time to time” Carol recommended - Carol
recommended that I change my password.
- Reporting verbs:
Los más comunes son ask, tell y say, pero también podemos usar otros.
● UNIT 6:
RELATIVE PRONOUNS:
We use Relative Clauses to give information. We use:
- Who/ that to refer to people.
- Which/ that to refer to things.
- When/ that to refer to a moment in time.
- Where to refer to places.
- Whose for possessions.
Hay dos tipos:
- Defining Relative Clauses:
·A Defining Relative Clause identifies an object, a person, a place, a moment in time
or a possession.
·We need this information to know who or what is being talked about.
·When we write these sentences, we don't use any commas.
·Ex: The woman who wrote this book was a genius.
- Non- Defining Relative Clauses:
·We use Non- Defining Relative Clauses to add extra information which not needed
to understand the sentence.
·We use commas in these clauses when we write them.
·They are rarely used in conversational language.
·We don't use that in Non- Defining Relative Clauses.
·Ex: My uncle, who lives in Sydney, is a very successful writer.