HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE
OF TECHNOLOGY
(HIT)
INTERNSHIP REPORT
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Power stream
Hosting Company: - Ethiopia Electric Utility Harari Region
NAME ID NO
1. Obasi Tadese……………………………………………… 4379/10

2. Samuel Bekele…………………………………………….4449/10

3. Yonas Abebaw…………………………………………… 4680/10

4. Yoseph Edosa……………………………………………….4693/10

Advisor Name: Ms.Medhanit Mulatu

HARAMAYA, ETHIOPIA
2022 G.C
DECLARATION
We have been taking internship experience in Ethiopian electric utility at Harari region from
November 17, 2021 up to February 21, 2022 under the supervision of the Harari region EEU
supervisor and Haramaya University advisor.
We declare that this report has took many efforts to finalize till the end and written according to
internship report writing format given by university industry linkage office of the institute and all
sources of materials used for the report has been fully encountered.

ADVISOR APPROVAL
The report has been submitted for examination with approval of university advisor.
Advisor Name signature date
Ms. Medhanit Mulatu ______________ _____________

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First of all, we would like to thank almighty God for his provision of strength that helped us to
accomplish our duration during the internship work. Within his help we have achieved our
practical experience harmoniously and safely.

Next, we would like to express our deepest appreciation and gratitude to our advisor
Ms.Medhanit Mulatu, for her kind advice and guidance on preparing Internship report, and also
we would like to give our deepest appreciation and gratitude to Haramaya University, for
creating an opportunity to pursue a practical experience through two-month internship program.
Finally, we want to thank Ethiopian Electric Utility for hosting us as intern and giving us such an
opportunity to improve our technical as well as professional skills.

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ACRONYMS
AC Alternating current

DC Direct Current

LV Low Voltage

MV Medium Voltage

CT Current Transformer

VT Voltage Transformer

EEU Ethiopian electric utility

LIST OF FIGURES

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FIGURE 1 OVERALL ORGINIZATION STRUCTURE...........................................................................................3
FIGURE 2 SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM FOR HARARI III SUBSTATION................................................................9
FIGURE 2.1 HARARI SUBSTATION.......................................................................................................................9
FIGURE 2.2 POWER TRANSFORMERS AT SUBSTATION................................................................................11
FIGURE 2.3 GROUNDING TRANSFORMER........................................................................................................12
FIGURE 2.4 VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS (VT)..................................................................................................13
FIGURE 2.5 CURRENT TRANSFORMERS (CT)...................................................................................................14
FIGURE 2.6 RADIATOR OF TRANSFORMER......................................................................................................14
FIGURE 2.7 CONSERVATOR OF TRANSFORMER.............................................................................................15
FIGURE 2.8 BUSHING OF TRANSFORMER........................................................................................................16
FIGURE 2.9 SILICA GEL.........................................................................................................................................17
FIGURE 2.10 ARCING HORN OF TRANSFORMER.............................................................................................18

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Declaration...................................................................................................................................................i

iv
Advisor Approval.........................................................................................................................................i
Acknowledgment.........................................................................................................................................ii
Acronyms...................................................................................................................................................iii
List of figures..............................................................................................................................................iv
Summary....................................................................................................................................................vii
CHAPTER ONE..........................................................................................................................................1
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................1
1.1BACKGROUND HISTORY OF ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC UTILITY..........................................1
1.2 Ethiopian Electric Utility (EEU)......................................................................................................1
1.2.1 Vision.........................................................................................................................................1
1.2.2 Mission.......................................................................................................................................2
1.2.3 Objectives...................................................................................................................................2
1.3 Main services of EEU........................................................................................................................2
1.4 overall organization structure............................................................................................................3
CHAPTER TWO.........................................................................................................................................4
Overall industrial internship Experience......................................................................................................4
2.1 Objectives..........................................................................................................................................4
2.1.1 General Objectives......................................................................................................................4
2.1.2 Specific Objectives.....................................................................................................................4
2.1 The section of EEU we have involved.........................................................................................4
2.2 State of Distribution Network......................................................................................................5
2.3 Distribution network Design and Inspection Department Office.................................................6
2.5 Substation..........................................................................................................................................7
2.6 Observation of substation components.............................................................................................9
2.6.1 Substation equipment’s...............................................................................................................9
2.7 Transformers...................................................................................................................................10
2.7.1 Types of transformer available in the substation.......................................................................10
2.7.2 External Components of Transformer.......................................................................................14
2.8 Failures and causes of distribution transformers.............................................................................18
2.9 Practical maintenance of transformers and materials.....................................................................19
2.10 Methods of performing our task.....................................................................................................19
2.11 How good is in performing our task..............................................................................................19
2.12 Challenges we encountered........................................................................................................20
2.13 Measures we took to solve problems.........................................................................................20

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CHAPTER THREE...................................................................................................................................21
overall Benefits OF internship Program....................................................................................................21
CHAPTER FOUR Conclusion and Recommendation...............................................................................22
4.1Conclusion........................................................................................................................................22
4.2 Recommendation for university.......................................................................................................22
Reference...................................................................................................................................................23

SUMMARY
The major objective of internship course is to reinforce and enhance the theoretical knowledge
gained in the class room with practical job experience. The first part describes the background of

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the internship hosting company. And it includes, its brief history, main products or services,
customers or the end users of its products or services and the company’s overall organization and
work flow. In the second part, the topic that is discussed in detail is the overall internship
experience. It includes details starting from the entry to the company to the challenges that we
faced and the measures that we have taken to overcome the challenges.

The last part of the internship is mainly about the overall benefits that we have gained from the
internship experience and focuses on the problem we have identified in the substation

Generally, it gives an overall description of the company such as its background, organizational
structure, services which is done in EEU. It briefly describes various electrical devices used by
the company and there uses and maintenance mechanism. It also describes the company and the
overall experience we had gained during our stay in the company.

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 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND HISTORY OF ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC UTILITY

Electric power was introduced to Ethiopian in late 19th century during the emperor MINILK-II.
The first generator was given to MINILIK around 1898 to light the palace. In addition to the use
of generators, emperor MINILIK got constructed the first hydro power plant on AKAKI River
in 1912 in order to supply power to small factories and the palace was extended to public places
and major roads in the vicinity of the palace.

In December, 2013 the corporation name and structure changed to Ethiopian Electric Utility by
council of minister’s regulation No.303/2013.The purposes for which the enterprise is
established are:

 To construct and maintain electric distribution networks, to carry out the distribution
networks construction to contractors as required.
 To administer electric distribution networks, to purchase bulk electric power and sell
electric energy to customers.
 To initiate electric tariff amendments and upon approval to implement same procedures.
 In the line with directives and policy guidelines issued by the ministry of finance and
economic development, to sell and pledge bonds and to negotiate and sign loan
agreements with local and international sources.
 To undertake any other related activities necessary for the attainment of its purpose.

1.2 Ethiopian Electric Utility (EEU)

1.2.1 Vision
 Energizing Ethiopia’s sustainable growth and enabling it to be power hub of
Africa.

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1.2.2 Mission
 To be a world class utility in contributing towards nation building by ensuring
delivery of cost effective safe, reliable and high-quality power and to enable
interconnections across the African continent for exporting surplus power.
 EEU shall strive towards achieving international standard of customer care
through sustained capacity building operational and financial excellence, state of
the art technologies while ensuring highest standards of corporate governance and
ethics.
 Bulk power purchase and sale, construct and operate off-grid generation, sub-
transmission and distribution networks.

1.2.3 Objectives
 The main objectives of Ethiopian Electric utility are generating, transmitting and
distributing electrical energy to the community, industries and organizations to serve its
customers and to satisfy their energy demands.

1.3 Main services of EEU

Providing adequate and quality electricity through transmission, distribution and sales services
is the main target of the corporation. Nowadays in Ethiopia, the demand of electricity is highly
increasing from time to time following through socio-economic development of the country.
We know that, there will be no growth without energy and power. Today the world is searching
for source of energy everywhere to satisfy the need of their society. The struggle now Ethiopia
Electric utility is based on the increasing growth of the country scored in every direction.

Therefore, the corporation is giving services to every society of the country waiting for
electricity to life ranging from very small socket outlets and lamps to very enormous industries
is one bulk branch activity. The other activity is making electric power export goods to the
neighboring countries. Ethiopian Electric utility engaged on developing of its services to satisfy
the customers demand through continuous improvement of utility management practices are
responsive to support socio-economic development and environmental protection.

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1.4 overall organization structure

FIGURE 1 OVERALLORGINIZATION STRUCTURE

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 CHAPTER TWO

OVERALL INDUSTRIAL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE

2.1 Objectives
 In Engineering Disciplines, the two-month internship program comprises general and
specific objectives, both added to produce skilled man power in aspect.

2.1.1 General Objectives

 The main objective of this internship program is vital to build up engineering
capacity in order to change theoretical knowledge into practical applications.
 Haramaya University institute of technology aims that this internship program
enables engineering students under the institute to relate their theoretical
knowledge to the real world phenomenon.

2.1.2 Specific Objectives

The specific objective of the industrial internship is listed as below:

 To improve our theoretical knowledge to practical skill.

 To adaptation of work environment.
 To determination of future field to study

2.1 The section of EEU we have involved

1. Fair section
 This section of EEU controls the company materials and equipment’s by giving code
number for office utensils in the name of their responsive person and
 The next one is in the field work the transformers and distribution line poles are
coded by respective number and caught on GPS for the purpose of repairing the
failure and to design the network.
2. Inspection and preventive maintenance section
 This section does two operations such are inspection and preventive maintenance.

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  Inspection It means a visual check of distribution network lines, Transformer or
equipment’s without physical disassembly.
 Preventive Maintenance is the planned maintenance of plant infrastructure and
equipment with the goal of improving equipment life by preventing excess
depreciation and impairment.
3. Network design and planning section
 This section operates on the designing of new transmission network based on the
GPS collected data in the field and forecasting the future energy demand
depending on population growth.
 And planning of the next power requirement based on the previous data tabulated.

In the company we joined the distribution system to practice. Distribution systems executed
their work on the two categorizes. These are distribution maintenance and emergency
maintenance for most of time we have been with distribution maintenance groups. Maintenance
of transformer faults for the following cases:
o Loses of the bushes
o Distribution box damages
o High Rupture capturing fuses (HRC) bellowed
o Damage of Drop out of fuses
o Lightening arrestor’s breakdown etc.

Maintenance of medium and low voltage lines and poles if the pole is:

o Decayed
o Tilted
o Damaged

And lines that may be broken down due to various reasons such as falling of trees on the lines,
sagging of lines and short due to overloading.

2.2 State of Distribution Network

Electric power distribution system is an important part of electrical power systems that
determines supply reliability or proper delivery of electricity to consumers. Generally

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 speaking, customer expectations on supply reliability are steadily increasing. The owners of
distribution network are being required to improve the reliability of power delivery through
making the whole operating condition more efficient. Power distribution network is effected
at a primary voltage of 33kv and 15kv consisting entirely of 3-phase, 3-wire feeders and
stepped down to a utilization voltage of 380/220V (3-phase,4-wire) and 500V for some
industries using three phase transformers to customer level. Even though there are many
efforts and launched projects to modernize underground electric cable installation the
medium voltage (MV) and low voltage (LV) networks are still dominated by overhead
lines.

The main components of distribution network are listed as follow:

 Distribution Transformer
 Poles
 Insulators and fittings
 Conductors and cable connectors

2.3 Distribution network Design and Inspection Department Office

After four weeks of time working with technician and electrician stuffs, we have a Chance of
working with electrical engineering graduated people in Harari Region Distribution Systems
office. We had a big hope of seeing something new and exciting experience during the last two
weeks of our internship period since we are going to have an opportunity to work with senior
electrical engineering graduate people. Let we leave the final result of our expectation for a
while and pass to explain about the activities, work flows, specify we engaged in, procedures
that we followed the main activities accomplished by the distribution systems design and
inspection engineers are:

 Designing of LV networks
 Rehabilitation of overhead LV lines
 Rehabilitation of Overhead MV lines
 Commissioning of rehabilitation of LV networks
 Commissioning of rehabilitation of MV networks

2.5 Substation

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Harari III substation comes from Dire Dawa and which are R, S, T and communication lines, this
line taps in Harari substation with respective way. Line1, line2 and line3 taps with surge arrester
and each has it is own reading. If over current occur, it comes with arresters to grounding. Three
lines connect with voltage transformer, wave trap (communication line to all grid), isolated
switch (half part maintaining), breaker and current transformer, surge arrester and power
transformer those all tap by bus bar.

Substation is a part of an electrical generation,transmission,and distribution system. Substation

transforms voltage from high to low or the reverse, or perform any of several other important
functions. Between the generating station and consumer electric power may flow through
several substations at different voltage levels. That is classified between substation to substation
through high voltage transmission line rated 45, 66, 132, 230, and 400kv and substation to
distribution medium voltage transmission line rated 33, 19, and 15kv.
Substations may be described by their voltage class, their applications within the power system,
the method used to insulate most connections and by the style and materials of the structures
used as:

 Switching substation
 Distribution substation

Switching substation
An important function performed any substation including in the substation were switching,
which is the connecting and disconnecting of distribution or transmission lines and other
components to and from the system.

There are several types of switches available in the substation:

o Circuit Breaker
o Isolator (Dis-connecter)
o Earth Switches

Only Circuit Breakers (CB) have the capability to interrupt current.

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Distribution substation
Harari III substation comes from Dire Dawa and which are R, S, T and communication lines.it
provides electric power supply to Harari city and the rural areas in the surrounding. As it can be
seen in the figure below there are two 132/66/33 KV, 25/25/12 MVA power transformers which
operate in parallel from this transformers there are three outgoing 66KV lines, the first is the
incoming line for Harari II substation, the second 66KV is the incoming line for Haramaya
substation which supply electric power for Chelenko substation and also for almost all parts of
East Hararghe and the third 66KV is the incoming for the 12MVA in Harari III substation, this
transformer supplies most of the medium voltage loads in the city and rural areas and it operates
independently. Which is based up on two 132/66/33 KV, 25/25 MVA and 12 MVA power
transformers which are connected in parallel. With an outgoing 66KV lines to 66/15KV Harari II
substation, 66/15KV Haramaya substation. And this transformers feeding four 33kv lines to
HWSA ERER, Industry Line, Fedis, Medhega Tola and Bedassa lines. And the 66/15KV
[12MVA] transformer with 15 KV line feeder supplying the Harari city with two 15KV feeder
and others with 15KV for kombolcha also 15KV for Harari beer factory.

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 FIGURE 2 SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM FOR HARARI III SUBSTATION

2.6 Observation of substation components

In the last one week of the internship period our work in a transmission substation mainly
concerned with observing and realizing the physical appliances and operating principles of the
equipment in the compound and relating the observation with theoretical knowledge.
Substations are integral parts of a power system and form important links between the
generating station, transmission system, distribution system and the load points.

FIGURE 2.1 HARARI SUBSTATION

2.6.1 Substation equipment’s

Some of the equipment’s we have observed can be listed as:

Incoming and outgoing lines

Ground wire
Lightning arrester
Ground transformer
Isolators
Circuit breaker
Bus bars

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 Wave trap
Power transformer
Control room and control panels
Relay

2.7 Transformers
The transformer is a static device that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuitto
another electrical circuit through the medium of magnetic field and without a change in the
frequency. Actually, the transformer is an electric energy conversion device, since the Energy
received by the primary is converted to useful electrical energy in the secondary winding
circuit. AC electrical power can be generated at one central location, its voltage stepped up for
transmission over long distances at very low losses and its voltage stepped down again for final
use.

2.7.1 Types of transformer available in the substation

A) Power transformer: is an electrical device that varies the amounts of current and voltage
flowing through power lines. They have primary and secondary winding for each phase.

It is used in electronic circuits and come in many different type and applications. Electronic or
power transformers are sometimes considered to be those with ratings of 300 Volt
transformers - amperes and below. These transformers normally provide power to the power
supply of an electronic device, such as in power amplifiers in audio receivers.

A power transformer is used in a sub-station to step-up or step-down the voltage. Except at the
power station, all the subsequent sub-stations use step-down to gradually reduce the voltage of
electric supply and finally deliver it at utilization voltage. The modern practice is to use 3-phase
transformers in sub-stations; although 3 single phase banks of transformer can also be used. The
use of 3-phase transformer (instead of 3 single phase bank of transformers) permits two
advantages;

1) Only one 3-phase load-tap changing mechanism can be used.

2) Its installation is much simpler than the three single phase transformers.

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 FIGURE 2.2 POWER TRANSFORMERS AT SUBSTATION

The power transformer is generally installed upon lengths of rails fixed on concrete slabs
having foundation 1 to1·5m deep.
For ratings up to 10 MVA, naturally cooled, oil immersed transformers are used.
B) Grounding (Earthling) transformer:
The Earthling transformer is one of the musts to have equipment’s for those distribution
stations, which deals with delta connected transmission lines. Delta connected transmission
lines, have no neutral point. Here we use the earthling transformer or grounding transformer to
create an artificial neutral point for the three-phase system. We all know that, the resistance of
the earthling path should be kept as small as possible, because fault current will always follow
the lowest resistance path. When any single phase to ground fault is occurred, zero sequence
component of earth fault current starts flowing through the neutral wire. In earth fault, the
current flowing in the faulty phase goes to the grounding terminal. And, this fault current is
divided equally in each phases of the earthling transformer.

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 FIGURE 2.3 GROUNDING TRANSFORMER

C) Instrumentation Transformers:

Measurement transformers (frequently also referred to as Instrument Transformers) are used

to scale down the measured quantity to a level, which is not dangerous for human beings
and can be well processed by electronic equipment. In the case of voltage transformers, the
nominal secondary side is most commonly designed to be 100 Volts and the secondary side
current is 1 or 5 Amps.
Instrumentation transformers are one type of transformer used for measurement, control and
protection in power system. There are two types of instrument transformers.

I) Voltage transformers (VT)

Voltage transformer is a type of instrumentation transformer which basically consists of an iron

core on which one primary winding and one or two secondary windings. Voltage transformer
makes the ordinary low voltage instruments suitable for measurement of high voltage and
isolates them from high voltage. The primary winding of the voltage transformer is connected
to the main bus bars of the switchgear installation and to the secondary of winding various
indication and metering instruments and relays are connected.
The Primary winding connected directly to the circuit either between two phases or between one
of the phases ground depending up on the rating of the transformer and the application. To a
known ratio, the primary of this transformer consists of a large number of turns of fine wire

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Connected across the line. The secondary winding consists of a few turns and provides for
measuring.
Instruments and relays a voltage which is a known fraction of the line voltage. Suppose a
potential transformer rated at 66kV/110V is connected to a power line.

The following factors are taken in to account in construction of voltage transformer.

 Out seldom more than 200-300 VA Cooling is rarely problem.

 Insulation designed for the system impulse voltage level.
 Volume of insulation often larger than of winding.
 Mechanical Design- not usually necessary to withstand short – currents.
Must be small to be appropriate with space within the switchgear.

FIGURE 2.4 VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS (VT)

II) Current transformers (CT)
They are used for taking measurements of high alternating current with a low range ammeter. If
the measurement taken is above the set value, it sends signal to the breaker to open for
protection purpose. Iron core on which one primary winding and one or two secondary
windings are wound; the larger current transformer is a type of instrumentation transformer
which basically consists of the current to be measured, more the number of turns on the
secondary.
In substation, the current transformers are connected in series with the line, whose current is
going to be measured (i.e. the line itself act as a primary winding and the secondary winding is
wound on the line) in substation the Current transformers (CT) are set by 600/1. The advantage
of our CT set 600 by 1 is to increase the current ratio.

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 FIGURE 2.5 CURRENT TRANSFORMERS (CT)

2.7.2 External Components of Transformer

Transformer has external parts used for control and protection system. During our stay of
the internship, we also understand parts of the transformer. These parts of the transformer
are listed below:

Radiators: - Radiators are fitted to the tank so that a larger surface is reached by the liquid
flowing into the top, down the tubes of the radiators and back into the bottom of the transformer
mainly used for cooling purpose of the transformer.

FIGURE 2.6 RADIATOR OF TRANSFORMER

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Conservator: - Conservator conserves the transformer oil. It is an airtight metallic cylindrical
drum which is fitted above the transformer. The conservator tank is vented to the atmosphere at
the top and the normal oil level is approximately in the middle of the conservator to allow
expansion and contraction of oil during the temperature variations. It is connected to the main
tank inside the transformer which is completely filled with transformer oil through a pipeline.

FIGURE 2.7 CONSERVATOR OF TRANSFORMER

Bushings: - The electrical power circuits must be insulated where they enter the tank. A
bushing provides an insulated oil-tight and weather-tight entrance for the conductor into the
transformer. It is usually composed of an outer porcelain body, and at higher voltages,
additional insulation in the form of oil and wound paper is used within the porcelain column. It
is placed to withstand the electrical field strength produced in the insulation. Bushing has a
conductor (Horn) surrounded by insulation. Used to insulate the incoming or outgoing
conductor into or out of the transformer tank. A bushing is the arrangement of insulating
material that allows the terminals of winding to bring out the transformer tank. The bushing is
made of the highest quality of porcelain clad.

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 FIGURE 2.8 BUSHING OF TRANSFORMER

Silica gel Breather: - The insulating oil of transformer is provided for cooling and insulating
purpose. Expansion and contraction of oil during the temperature variations cause pressure
change inside the conservator. This change in pressure is balanced by the flow of atmospheric air
into and out of the conservator. Transformer breather is a cylindrical container which is filled
with silica gel. Insulating oil reacts with moisture can affect the paper insulation or may even
lead to some internal faults. So it is necessary that the air entering the tank is moisture free. It
consists of silica gel contained in a chamber. For this purpose, breather is used. When the
atmospheric air passes through the silica gel breather the moisture contents are absorbed by the
silica crystals. Silica gel breather is acts like an air filter for the transformer and controls the
moisture level inside a transformer.

FIGURE 2.9 SILICA GEL

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Tap Changer: -A tap changer is a device fitted to power transformers for regulation of the
output voltage to required levels. This is normally achieved by changing the ratios of the
transformers on the system by altering the number of turns in one winding of the appropriate
transformer/s. Supply authorities are under obligation to their customers to maintain the supply
voltage between certain limits.

Arcing horns: -Arc horn is a mechanical arrangement of metallic conductor to perform

flashover in a guided way in order to protect bushing. Transmission and other electrical
equipment can be exposed to over voltages. Over voltages can be caused by a number of
reasons such as lightning strikes, transient surges, sudden load fluctuation, etc. In the event of
an overvoltage, the insulating equipment such as the insulators on a transmission line or
bushings in a transformer can be exposed to high voltages which may lead to their failure.
Arcing horns are protective devices that are constructed in the form of projections in the
conducting materials on both sides of an insulator. Arcing horns are fitted in pairs. Thus, in
transmission lines they are found on the conducting line and the transmission tower across the
insulators. In transmission lines, in the event of a lightning strike on the tower, the tower
potential rises to dangerous levels and can result in flashovers across the insulators causing their
failure. Arcing horns prevent this by conducting the arc across the air gap across them.

FIGURE 2.10 ARCING HORN OF TRANSFORMER

Oil Gauge: -Located on the side of the Conservator tank, it indicates the level of oil in the
tank and will provide annunciation when level drops below the gauge limit.

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Fan: - The fan is mounted under the power transformer, which is used to fan (cooling) the
transformer during the temperature becomes high.

Breather: - A conservator tank has a breather to the outside. In order to take care of the
expansion and contraction of the cooling liquid with varying temperatures smaller units have an
air space above the oil, which connected to atmosphere by a breather. This breather is arranged
to prevent the entry of moisture, snow, etc. into the transformer.

Temperature Gage: -Temperature gage is fitted at the side of the conservator for knowing
the level of the filled oil to the conservator.

2.8 Failures and causes of distribution transformers

Transformers are electrical devices used for energy transfer by electromagnetic induction
between two or more circuits. Like all electrical devices faults also happen in the transformers
which cause failures. One failure can cause many problems. A simple fault at the distribution end
can cause black-out of power to the whole area. The fault can also be very dangerous as the
transformers contain large quantity of oil in direct contact with high voltage components. Faults
may occur in different parts and components of the transformer due to mechanical, electrical or
thermal stress caused due to different conditions. Some of the most commonly occurring failures
of the transformer are listed below.

Tank failures
Bushing Failure
Protection system failure

2.9 Practical maintenance of transformers and materials

On the other day of our internship event we have got a chance to maintain a transformer due to
transformer tank failure. In this case, there was an oil linkage so we have to maintain the
transformer or replace it. We saw that there was an oil linkage on the transformer and almost the
transformer was out of service then we take the action to change the transformer finally we
changed the transformer by the new one.
Materials require for maintenance of Distribution Transformer are:

 Wooden shoe: - used to clump the pole.

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  West crane: -used to carry the upper part of transformer.
 Electrical knife: - used cutting purpose.
 Cave English: -used punt purpose.
 Belt: - used to safety purpose.
 Tester: - to know if there is any current flow or voltage.
 Cutting pliers: - used to cut electrical wires.

2.10 Methods of performing our task

We have been oriented with the responsibility of our job by communicating with company
Supervisor and workers (staff members). Additionally, we have been fulfilled our responsibility
by accessing internet. The courses which we have been taking in campus are essential to execute
our job. Generally, we have been oriented with the responsibilities of our job by interrelating
with company supervisor and staff workers and by organizing the knowledge which we have got
from campus.

2.11 How good is in performing our task

As we think, we engaged for performing our task, since such a program by itself is new and
interesting for us. Substation has its own rule to regulate and control the activities each employee
and also our supervisor was strictly controlling our progress and status weather we are
accomplishing our task based on our schedule. Almost all employees of substation have a great
motivation towards their job. This working environment forced us to eager for hard work and to:
 To be punctual
 Refer relevant materials to remember what we have been learned.
 Ask question politely
 Share knowledge with others
 Make time frame in which we will be accomplish tasks

2.12 Challenges we encountered

We have been facing many challenges while we were practicing in EEU Harari region. But
most of the challenges were from the company and other problem.

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  The engineers were too busy as a result we were faced a problem of accessing them as
we need.
 The engineers were most of the time busy with office work we didn’t get many chances
to field work.
 There was shortage of transportation services in order to get to the substation area.
 We haven’t got detail documents about the work flow of the EEU Harari region.
 We haven’t got access of internet to search some information necessary for us.

2.13 Measures we took to solve problems

Some of the above challenges were solved during our stay in EEU Harari region.

 We informed them to use their work flow properly.

 We informed them to give us schedule in order to get full work structure of the utility.
 We read different document that was written about utility in order to get different ideas
and working issues.
 We use taxi transportation in order to get substation area.

CHAPTER THREE

OVERALL BENEFITS OF INTERNSHIP PROGRAM

The Internship Program at Haramaya University presents an opportunity for obtaining short
term employment in a position that relates to the student’s chosen field of study. Throughout the
internship these work experiences complement and reinforce the student’s theoretical
knowledge acquired from university. The internship is designed to provide not only practical

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experience. But also, a detailed evaluation of the intern’s performance. The relationship
between the Intern, Employer, and University are tailored to achieve specific benefits which are
described below to:
 upgrade practical skills
 improve interpersonal communication skills
 improve leadership skills
 learn about work ethics and entrepreneurship skills
 Be familiar with work tasks keeping as for future career.
 Develop new interests in the profession.
 Treat the internship experience as a professional job, striving to perform all
duties and responsibilities to the best of one's abilities.

Therefore, the two-month internship practice was very interesting in terms of developing
strength of real time engineering problem solving and gaining work experience.

CHAPTER FOUR
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1Conclusion
In this internship period we could understand the relation between theoretical and practical
knowledge and we gained different skills as well as personal and team work skills. And also we
obtained good understanding about the work experience in relation with theoretical knowledge.
This internship program contains the background of the company real situation. Future vision of
the company, working principle of company and goodness and weakness sides of the company.

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Further, we have added suggested solutions for the identified problems and recommendations
for the limitations of the company. Also did a project concerning another problem of the
company that is earthling transformer so as to improve the shortage of transformers design.
Throughout this internship period we have gained a number of benefits in terms of improving
our practical skills, theoretical knowledge, interpersonal communication skills, leadership skills,
and understanding about work ethics and entrepreneurship skills.

4.2 Recommendation for university

The University internship program is very essential for engineering students in order to upgrade
theoretical knowledge they gained in classroom. So the company for hosting students and the
University should have to collaborate and assist the students to search practical skills.
Continuous supervision of University on the hosting industry (company) for position of intern
students every week or month should be strong linkage. The other and very important one
which should be corrected is theoretical knowledge attained at University and Company real
situation is not going together. So this problem must be eliminated and at least the theoretical
background and real position of hosting Company should fit each other.

REFERENCE
[1] Turan Gonen,” Electric Power Distribution Engineering”, third edition, CRC Press Taylor
and Francis Group, January 2014.
[2] “Electrical engineering design manual” by Mr. Parker Smith, Mr. M. G. Say.
[3] Martin J. Heathcote, CEng, FIEE “The J&P Transformer Book”, Twelfth edition,
Newness, Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd 1998.

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