Earth science is the study of planet Earth and its interactions with outer space.

Earth science is a
very interesting science because here many practical methods are applied as a result of systematic
and measurable calculations. Currently, there are many branches of earth science, all of which have
the same goal, namely to secure the population of living things on planet earth.

Some earth scientists (geologists) use their knowledge to find and develop energy and mineral
sources. Others study the impact of human activities on the earth’s environment and planning
methods to protect the planet. Meanwhile, some of them use their knowledge to study processes
that occur such as volcanoes, earthquakes, climate, hurricanes, and others.

Earth Science Branch

Many different sciences are used to study the earth and outer space (space/universe/solar system).
However, in general there are 4 Main Branches of Earth Sciences, namely:

1. Geology
2. Meteorology
3. Oceanography
4. Astronomy

1. Geology (Science of the Earth’s Surface and Subsurface)

Geology is often referred to as the “science of the earth” which means “study of the earth”.
Geology is a branch of earth science that studies the composition of the earth’s constituent
materials, the structure of the earth, and processes within the earth, both on the surface
and below the earth’s surface.

2. Meteorology (Atmospheric Science)

Meteorology is the science of the atmosphere and how processes that occur in the
atmosphere can affect weather and climate. Meteorology is a very practical science because
every day people have to deal with the weather.
Currently drastic climate change from time to time is an urgent problem to be observed.
Global warming and climate change are closely related to atmospheric phenomena. The
study of meteorology is very important in terms of protecting the earth’s environment.

3. Oceanography (Marine Science)

Oceanography is the science of the oceans or oceans on earth, concerning the composition,
movement, organisms, and processes in them. The oceans cover most of our planet and are
an important source of food and other commodities.
The oceans also have a big influence on the weather. Processes that occur in the oceans
can be a major factor in climate change. Oceanographers seek to develop the sea as a
resource and protect it from negative human activities.

4. Astronomy (Science of the Universe)

Astronomy is the science of the universe or the solar system. Below are some examples
why it is so important to study extraterrestrial space (space):
1. The moon can drive the tidal system
2. Impact asteroids have repeatedly destroyed the earth
3. Energy from the sun is very influential on the weather and climate.
Knowledge of astronomy is very important to learn in order to understand this planet. Astronomers
can also use knowledge of Earth’s matter, processes, and history to understand other planets, even
those outside our own solar system.

Today we live when the earth and its inhabitants are facing many problems. Our climate is changing,
and that change is caused by human activities. Earth scientists are aware of this problem and will
play a key role in addressing it.