Multicore processors contain multiple processing cores on a single chip to help overcome physical limitations of clock speeds. There are now dual, quad, and octa-core processors. Hyper-threading allows more threads to be processed than physical cores. Multiple cores allow more than one thread to be handled concurrently for better performance on multi-tasking systems. Clocks speeds can vary between symmetric and asymmetric multicore designs. GPUs are optimized for graphics but are now also used for general parallel computing.
Multicore processors contain multiple processing cores on a single chip to help overcome physical limitations of clock speeds. There are now dual, quad, and octa-core processors. Hyper-threading allows more threads to be processed than physical cores. Multiple cores allow more than one thread to be handled concurrently for better performance on multi-tasking systems. Clocks speeds can vary between symmetric and asymmetric multicore designs. GPUs are optimized for graphics but are now also used for general parallel computing.
Multicore processors contain multiple processing cores on a single chip to help overcome physical limitations of clock speeds. There are now dual, quad, and octa-core processors. Hyper-threading allows more threads to be processed than physical cores. Multiple cores allow more than one thread to be handled concurrently for better performance on multi-tasking systems. Clocks speeds can vary between symmetric and asymmetric multicore designs. GPUs are optimized for graphics but are now also used for general parallel computing.
Multicore processors contain multiple processing cores on a single chip to help overcome physical limitations of clock speeds. There are now dual, quad, and octa-core processors. Hyper-threading allows more threads to be processed than physical cores. Multiple cores allow more than one thread to be handled concurrently for better performance on multi-tasking systems. Clocks speeds can vary between symmetric and asymmetric multicore designs. GPUs are optimized for graphics but are now also used for general parallel computing.
speeds and how effectively they could be cooled and still maintain accuracy • Original release was with two cores in a single CPU but now there are options for four, six and even eight Contd… Multicore
• Intel's Hyper-Threading technology that
virtually doubles the cores that the operating system sees. • Example: You may be browsing the web or typing up a report while an anti-virus program runs in the background Threading
• Benefits and Drawbacks of multiple processor
cores is important to understand the concept of threading • A thread is simply a single stream of data from a program through the processor on the PC Contd… Threading
• With multitasking, a single core processor can
only handle a single thread at a time, so the system rapidly switches between the threads to process the data in a seemingly concurrent manner. Contd… Threading
• Benefit of having multiple cores is that the
system can handle more than one thread. Each core can handle a separate stream of data. • This greatly increases the performance of a system that is running concurrent applications. Clock Speeds
• Clock speeds become more nebulous when
you are also dealing with multiple cores. • For instance, a dual-core processor may have base clock speeds of 3.5 GHz for each processor while a quad-core processor may only run at 3.0GHz. Contd… Clock Speeds
• Dual-core processor will be able to about
fourteen percent faster than on the quad-core Symmetric Multi-core • A symmetric multi-core processor is one that has multiple cores on a single chip, and all of those cores are identical • Example: Intel Core 2 The Intel Core 2 is an example of a symmetric multi-core processor. The Core 2 can have either 2 cores on chip ("Core 2 Duo") or 4 cores on chip ("Core 2 Quad"). Each core in the Core 2 chip is symmetrical, and can function independently of one another. It requires a mixture of scheduling software and hardware to farm tasks out to each core. Asymmetric Multi-core
• An asymmetric multi-core processor is one
that has multiple cores on a single chip, but those cores might be different designs. For instance, there could be 2 general purpose cores and 2 vector cores on a single chip. Contd… Asymmetric Multi-core • Example: Cell Processor • IBM's Cell processor, used in the Sony PlayStation 3 video game console is an asymmetrical multi-core processor. The Cell has 9 processor cores on board, one general purpose processor, and 8 data-processing cores. • The one multipurpose core, known as the Power Processor Element(PPE) controls the communication between the other cores, and distributes computing tasks to the other cores for processing. • The other 8 cores are known as Synergistic Processor Elements (SPE), and are specially designed to have high floating-point throughput, especially with vector operations. GPU • It is a processor optimized for 2D/3D graphics, video, visual computing, and display. • It is highly parallel, highly multithreaded multiprocessor optimized for visual computing. • It provide real-time visual interaction with computed objects via graphics images, and video. • It serves as both a programmable graphics processor and a scalable parallel computing platform. • Heterogeneous Systems: combine a GPU with a CPU GPU – Graphic Trends • OpenGL – an open standard for 3D programming • DirectX – a series of Microsoft multimedia programming interfaces • New GPU are being developed every 12 to 18 months • New idea of visual computing: Combines graphics processing and parallel computing GPU – Graphic Trends • Heterogeneous System – CPU + GPU • GPU evolves into scalable parallel processor • vGPU renders graphics on a server • GPU Computing: GPGPU and CUDA • GPU unifies graphics and computing GPU Vs CPU • GPUs contain much larger number of dedicated ALUs then CPUs. • GPUs also contain extensive support of Stream Processing paradigm. It is related to SIMD ( Single Instruction Multiple Data) processing. • Each processing unit on GPU contains local memory that improves data manipulation and reduces fetch time.