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Rod Burt, Senior Analog IC Design Manager
Bruce Trump , Manager-Linear Products
Matt Hann , Appl ications Engineering Manager
Bryan Zhao, Field Applications Engineering
Neil Albaugh, Senior Applications Engineer Retired

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Bill Sands , Consultant

Cirrus Logic
Tim Green , Senior Staff Systems Engineer

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Hogg , R.V., Tanis , E.A., 1988, Probab/ltfy and Statistical Inference, third ed.
Macmillan , London .
Motchenbacher, CD., Connelly, J.A., 1993, Low-Noise Electronic System Design,
Wiley-Interscience , New York.
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Robert V. Hogg, and Elliot A, 1988. Tanis .. Probability and Statistica l Inference,
third ed. Macmillan , London .
C. D. Motchenbacher, and J . A. Connelly, 1993. Low-Noise Electron ic System
Design. Wiley-I nterscience, New York.
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Agilent. Spectrum Analyzer Measurements and Noise Application Note 1303 2003.
( http://www.agilent.com )
Hogg R. V., Tanis E.A. , 1988, Probability and Statistical Inference, third ed.
Macmillan, New York
Motchenbacher C.D ., Connelly J.A. , 1993, Low-Noise Electronic System Design,
Wi ley-Interscience Publication , New York
Ott H.W., 1988, Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic Systems, second ed.
John Wiley & Sons, New York http://www.solvaysolexis.com/
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100 10k

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Op-amp
U2
+ ;"F;JUUw
M1H1i:
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U1 '------' 1
L _________ _
+

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~~gB5J'~lLi$f~r'5J8j~jt~~D*F5 0 1000Hz 1EE@;~;.&:~PJ~jfmf£E~Uf~r'5J~lli$Bj~jt~~D*F5, @~,<2~
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t~JJt o ;.1~PJ~jffl£T/J\Bj~%J~ Eggftn**mJJt::*=~%J~Egg ( {9U~D 4 x 5~lF ) 0 r'5J@;~;'&:~ffl*
;~~DC{fmJii o -~DC{fmJ.~~::*=T*~~F5~~ o @UJZ1'~~~PJU~*~~F5~~i:E
~;.&:~...tU&{iBjm!E.!IT.~ 0 i:E;$:{9UC:P , DC mt:Jj{fmJ.~1~ 2V , D*F5~~mt~ 340mV nn o
0.003Hz r'5J@;~;.&:~~~ 2V Bj DC JJtB;~~~f~J 1~i9:iti3PJ~ji:E~;'&:~...tU 200mV BjRmt*
xm~ 340mVpp Bj{g~ 0
ffl$il!i A {fmJ.*~j,~J'ill'1raBjn;~PJU i~g~ttB{ti~$il!it:Jj{fmJ. 0 ~ 7.6 ~it~Uf.3L ~~;.1~
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;~/N~fut9X;~tt U1 fD U2 zfBJtJDA AC *~.g- 0
~ 81~;1:!&:ttEg~§...tittfrEgtJJ~g{t~1I~~ , ;J!;DZ~
Egg C? ~~7tEg~$jf,j:Jj{/fi!lmEgJ± o ~PJ~~~~
Vout offset = [0.2 mV (100) + 0.3 mVj100
~~-lX-~~ 81IBJ ( H~ili 5s )0 ~ 7.6 giS:Jjj7tEg81
IBJ8Ji.t~i1f~ 0
~ 7 .7 7:J ;lI!~~@JJ5z: ( U1 ) EgJ±~~t~J:O*FE
8J } 86 ;lI!~ iit ggc, m Eg ~§ 0 -+ g ;lI!~ iit fD } 86 ;lI!~ iit iH1:1Il7 .5 <t'a<J HPF }t~l!1l1

.~~~~~tt~J86~~~mjB$~~ r= R C
~ o B$~~~~mB~ ~ ~~~rtmB$
r= ( 1Mn )( 50~F ) = 50 5
ffi%~~, ~~~~~~W~~~...t~-lXM
Sr =5 (S05) = 2S0 5
~7tEgi1~ o ~PJ~~~~~M~R~m(~
~* ) o tt*~~ , ~~A~mj- ~ ~futPJ
~~~*~ ( PGA ) ~.~~FEffi%~*~
iH1:1Il7 .S <t'a<J LPF }t~l!1l1
~.g-;lI!~ ~ 8JEg-+ 0 ~aBt~jH~1~~ ( OAC )
r= R C
m *;~ ~~ $jf,j :Jj flfiH m o . g% 8J ;lI!~ iit -+ g ~m~
~~$ J86;lI!~iit*fft 0 f§.tB ~ ~t~1$~~*~Jt r = ( 10kn )( 1 . S~F ) = 0.01S 5

f~~-J!f~Zi;IJ 0 Sf =S (0.01S5) = 0.07S 5

}t~ jf jij: 99 .3%
~ 7.6 ~~~ffiM~.~~~ft~~M~ ~* ~

100

~~ ;Jtj&:~
10 Hz LPF 9t
PGA 100 Hz LPF
~~ ( *60 H z I ~m~&j&: )
@~ +
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J1tmi~x1p:j;j1'$iltrA~iffi~811t~D*pgf&;9!~ 0 J-A ~ 7.9 ~pJl) ~tJj , Eg;JftD*pg.!:3~AEg~.ElJJX;l.Et~;~t1
** , rmfAD*pg~$iltrAEg~.El~15f~JJX;l.Ett;~'f1** 0 ~J.tt·, .R~~~~AEg~.El1JD~U,EEli$:*: , -~
PJU1~Eg;JftD*pgJJX;n±~D*pg;l* 0 ~ 7.10 ;iStJjj -1'~It, fUffl~ItPJU~t!-g-iQBj$iltrAEg~.El ,
1~Eg;JftD*pg~±~f'l=ffl 0

100 10 k

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r-------- -- --- - ------'I
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( in = 0.3 pA/{RZ@ f = 1 kHz)

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x1Eg;JftD*pgfD1Jiij~ Eg;JftBjtlx:*:1'l=ffl 0Eg;JftD*pg;9!~; Egm1~ffl.!:3EgffD*pg;9!~; Egmfi3 ~ Bj;~;DZ H 0
0.003Hz ~@;~;DZH;~~~ DC $iltrtJj1Jiij~ o DC $iltrtJj1Jiij~±~~EE1Jiij~Eg;Jft;Jiti1$iltrAEg~.Elt"-~Bj 0
U1 $iltrtJj~iffiBj1E£@;~;DZH~~mm~W~Uttj100Hz o ~1'l=ffl~;~~~~~ll:lD*f55 , OiffitJj~~~~~D*pg ( ~D
~5~~Wt~~D*pgB%5 , :?Jt~ 1IfD* f55 )0 ~ 7.11 ~tJjjffltt~ 7.8 Eg;JftWt~~D*pg;9!~;Egm~Bj;~
~ i±!?,5.'.£*h 't~ ' ,," tc:J
tlXt'ii'f~:Stx.~ ~ll '1'3:: o
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VOULoffset = [0.5 nA(1 M!1) + 0.3 mV) ·100

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r= R·C

r= (1M!1)(50J,l F) = 505

5r = 5(505) = 2505

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r= R·C

r= (1OkO)(1.5J.l F) = 0.0155

Tk Tk 5r = 5(0.0155) = 0.0755
R in = 36k ' R in = 100·k· - 2-
T
In in 1Elt!itliX 99 .3%
007 .11 iJ!\~4m,lll:A:rl-rr

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100 10k

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~~ ( 1m 60Hz I~ Pfi ;}V
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+

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1*17. 12 i9lHiE£l,1m.li!j5Jil:,\ I*J1i(fJFo'j!,ilJl~iJ\mc~
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:;t:53-~ffl*;91~~~t~8~~~ftj:Eg~7C* i9:it A~ij*pJl).ijJ:1xm~~;EZg§;EZH~*~'t1*U~fTf*-5 0

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0 0

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pgcp~f~ 1 /fD~pgm~m-;;O~pg 0 O~pgf*-5;tcf91~8~f1i*~ffl*~BJ30~pgEgJ±~1:1i3~ftfTBf58~ 0

ijJ:1~ 7.14 pJl)'~i$~EBitBxm~~~ ~ftfTBf58~~~O~pg 0

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:> 2
2:
i= 0
a::
5 -2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~

-4 ~----~------~------r------+--~--~------
~1 10 20 30 40 50 60
111 [8] (5)
00 7. 13 rUrHlriI1j;' Lt.] 1if~ F ,fflliMJi: ~ p:;
:ijl!1]11l. = 000
tF;1t~ = 1.17

3000
2589
2500 2352
2064 2145
2000 l- I- r-
1652
!!!! 1347
~ 1500 l- I- e--- e---

1000 e--- l- e--- e--- e--- 814

738

500

o
0 2 9 17 ~ 60 145
n
n
404
l- I- l - I- l- I- t -
nn
376
189
~ 27 6 3 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 L{) 0 L{) 0 L{) 0 L{) 0 L{) 0 L{) 0 L{) 0 L{) 0 L{) 0 L{) 0 0
N 0 N M .f lI'i lI'i
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00 7. 14 1E',~· ~H'* FEf.J7$Wi*;fff
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~~~~tt~~ffl*~~&P5@~~~~~~Bffl o ~7.16ff~ 7 . 15~m~~7~~m
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30 r------r----~~----4_-----+------+------
20 ~~~~mrn~~~~~4_TT--~Hr~~~~~~
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o 10 20 30 40 50 60
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40
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o 10 20 30 40 50 60
ail'S] (s)
1?t17. 16 Et ~fljEW("*fl'i

~Jlt, ~t:Z~~~mfTBffl~-f~pJl:,zffl**U~1§~cp~S2;"~Wt~3(O~P5Bj:D;* 0 5(1~*U~fT-

1'Bffl~S~~~Bffl,wn~~~illffim~B~~~ o Wn~~~.~~~~~~P5~.~
~Bj::k.EHj(iiBjwt~~ o ff1§~cp~t:Z'rj(ii~~t~Bj-f~*~m1.J;*~*f§~Bj.@~ o ~ 7.18 ~~
73~~tHf§~~~~~t~B1, ff~.@BcpBj5(1m1~i[~~~-1'~~::kBj~~U o ~ 7.19 ~~7lE*
~f*O~P5Bj.@B o ~ 7.19 cpBjO~P5f)(~ffi-;;O~P5fDI'J;]~*O~P5, fi_~2;"~~~t~3(O~P5 0 ;~.5(1ro-;;
O~P5fD I'J;]~H~O~P5*.@fi_~~~~~~::kBj~~U 0
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~iF;i~ = 12.6
iii tgt~jEm~ f6 j~ ~U 1* lID
( *'l'HjE~~P~f6~9~~.&~~Hj: )
2500

2034
2000 1874
1611
1500 r--
1330
1174
991 943 961
1000 r- f- ;-
r--
851 703
641
438 434
500
nn .-.
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178 2
f- f-
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0
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0
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0 0 0 0 0 0
130 46 10 2

0 0 0 0
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0 /'- "<i ~ co u-i N en <D 0 <D en N co c:i c:i
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l{)

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~ri = 15 000 [ ~V RTI]

1117. 17 B1±£~5~1* F f§' -'%tl;J1\ 111

ai±§l~jtt£*P.~flj f~ ~

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o 0 .2 0.4 0.6 0 .8
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00 7.19 lE'm' ~4lr I* fE Bi~i/&

~ 7.20 5(1Wt~~D~.u:g-.@~BJtlt*::~fDlE*g§f4D~FiBJf1t*::~f6rJ 5(1tt 0 Wt~~D~Fitlt*::~BJ

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$)] 0.007% 0 *f5Utlt*::~~*t$,9:~~)] 15 000 , )JffUftff];!i!~~~UBJ9 H~L9:mi~/Fjilli11 1'
( ~p 15 000xO.007%=1 .05 )0 ~Jl:t , ± 4 (J Z9~~~BJf:l~®,9:~Jt~Wt~~O~FiJ 0 ;!i!~ ~ B1BJIlB~
£\~YH~t$tlt*::~BJ*t$,9:*imJ~ 0
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tt o ~ 7.21 5(1~7CWt~~o~FiBJimfLfiB1'5f6~J5(1tt o ;1~Wt~~o~Fi~~{.m~lE*O~FillJ~~{.mBJ 6
H~ , )]J~~~jt~~D~FiBJ~~F=JnfTB1'51B''t1&8~t±J* , ~5(jmtlt*::~BJtiFRf6~JtElmimJ~ 0 l2{1)Jff
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BJH~WPJU~~~~~eBJ , /F~~*~~~/F~W~~Fi o
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fiF :it ~ = 128 fif. *~ = 4 91

2500 2377 3500 3 17':'

2161 3144
2093 3000 -
1894
2000
2500 2257
1472 2065
1395
I!!I 1500 I!!I 2000
j';(
939 900 j';( 1500
1000 -

1~I ll_570I 2~5 ~ 2713'

1000
" 0
500
3 8 8 36
75 2n20n I
500 68
o O ~o~~
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0 0 0 0 0 0
0
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>:l! = 14 999 ~1.! = 14 998

40 40
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41-""1 li, 1391-""1 J,

'il± 4 n Z?I' Til± 4 " z?r

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Kugelstadt , T. , 2005. Auto-zero amplifi ers ease the design of high-precision

circuits. Texas Instruments Document
Number SL YT204, www.ti.com/litlan/sly204/sly204.pdf
Kugelstadt, T., 2007. New zero-drift amplifi er has an IQ of 17 IJ A. Texas
Instruments Document Number
SL YT272. http://focus.ti .com/litlan/slyt272/slyt272.pdf
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- 1:,'l

Graeme, J. Photodiode Amplifi ers: OP AMP Solutions. McGraw-Hi li Professional.

Green , 1., 1996. Operational Amplifi er Stability, http://www.en-genius.net / ,
McGraw- HilI. http://www. hamamatsu .com/_. Photodiode Technical Information.
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V=10V 10 25
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V,,, tD:lJ;FE!:J,ff 1=10Ap 30 75 V

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159
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l
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A
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in diode = 27 .395 x 10- ru=:
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York .
Green , T. Operational Amplifi er Stability, _ http://www .en-genius. net I
http://www.hamamatsu.com /_. Photodiode Technical Information.
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2.1 BWn = f]] K" = (lkH z)(1.57) = 1.57kH z

2.2 a. enlrOnll =eat - r -V'jl =(60nV/ JHz) J O. IH z= 18.97nV

E f =ef• In (h-l] = (18 .97 nV ) In ( lkHZ ) =57. 6-nVRMS

n nonn h O. IH z

b. B W" = h] K" = (I kH z)( 1.57) = 1.57 kH z

EnBB = eBB JB Wn = (3 .8n V / JHz ).,Jr-1.-57- kH
-z = 150.6-n V RM S

2.3
a. R = ~ = (IMO)( I OOkO) = 90 .8 kO
<q Rr+R] IMO+ IOOk!l
,----------------------------
E n.r = J 4kTR6./ = ~4(1 .38 x l 0- 23 J/ K)(298 .15K)(90.8kO)(5kHz)
= 2 .73 4I1V RM S

185
 b. I nBB = i nBB BWn = (Sf JHz) J( 5kH z) = 354-fARMS
In = I nBB I*i7;:J1i1ft!§'J;£IAl);J;J1* F
E".i = fnRc<l = (35 4fA)(90.8 kO ) = 32.I-nV RMS

3. 1 a. I~Hmm= []r::.rn '*~~/\ = 35 OkH z = 3.465kHz

:tI)F, )L ,m- fn

J1*rn~nn. 101
BWn =~ ,K " = (3.4G5kHz)( 1.57)= 5.44kHz

b. EnBB = eBIlJ BWn = 55nJHzJ(5.44kHz) =4.05h.lYRMS

c. I nBIl =inIlBJ BWn = (100fNJHz)J(5 .44kHz) =7 .3 8-pARMS

R = RfRI = (I OOkO)( I kO) = 0 99kO

cql Rf+ R1 100kO + lkO .
E"_il = I"R c4 = (7.38pA)(0.99kO) = 7.31-nV RMS

R , = RfRI = (I OOkO)(1OOkO) = 50kn

cq. Rf +R, 1OOkO+ 100kO
En-I' = InRc4 = (7 .38pA)(50kn) = 369-nV RMS

En-I = JEI~_II + E~_i' = J(7.3 1nV) " + (369nV)2 = 369. lnV

d. EI1 _ rI = J 4kTRf).j = J4(1 .38 1X 10-23 J/K)( 298 . I 5K)(0.99kO)(5.44kHz)
= 298-nV RMS
E n - r2 = J 4kTRf).j = J 4(1 .38 1X 10- 23 J/K)(298. I 5K)(50kO)(5.44kHz)
= 2. 11 7-!lV RMS
En _ i = Jr-E-
I~_-rl-+-E-
~ _-
r' = J(298nV/ + (2.117!lV)' = 2.138-~lV RMS

e. En.in = J E~_i + E~_ \ + EI~_r = J(3 69. 1n V/ + (4 . 057~lV)2 + (2. 138 !lV)2
= 4.60 1-!lV RMS
En-nul = I* ~~.frii. . En-in = 10 1(4.60 1!lV) = 464-!lV RMSRTO

~ .fu1:iWAH.R = 18MHz
3 .2 a. f:tlHmm= n.~U;}iti!l~ II
= 1.636MHz
 BWn = J;IK" = (1.636MHz)(I .S7) = 2.S69NHz

b. EnOS =eBB~BWn =2.2nJ.JHz~(2.S69MHz) =3.S26-I.N RMS

efnoml = eat _I fl = 20nY / .JHzJ O. 1H z = 6.32SnY

Enf = ernonn In _II

( ft.
J
J; = (6.32S nY) In (2.S69MHZ ) = 24.3-nY RMS
O.IHz

E'H =~ E,;r + E~OR = J(24.3 nY )" + (3.S26/ly) 2 = 3.S26-~LY RMS

c. ' nBB = i,,1313 ~ B Wn = (SOOfAlJI=fz')~(2 . S69MHz) = 80 IA-pA RMS

' fnoml = lat-rfl = 3 . 7SpAl.JHz~ = 1.186pA

f nl = I rnon" In ( -J;I J= (1.186pA) In ( 2.S69MHZ ) = 4.9-pA RMS

J; O. IHz

I" =~ I~r + I~BB = J( 4.9pA)2 + (80 1.4pA )2 = 80 IA-pARMS

R = RrRI = (I OkQ)(lkQ) = 0.909kQ
Cql
Rf + RI 10kQ+ IkQ
En_il = f nR cq = (801 ApA)(0.99kQ) = 7.31-nY RMS
E n- i2 = I nRin = (80 IApA)(1 OOkQ) = 80.1-/lY RMS
E n_i =~E'~_il +ELi2 =~(7 . 3 Iny)2 + (80.I/ly)2 =80.1-/lY RMS

d. En _ rI = ~4kTR6.f
~---------------------------
= ~4(1.38 1 x I 0-23 J/k)(298 . 1SK)(0.909kQ)(SA4kHz) = 28S-n Y RMS

E n _ ,2 = ~4kTR6.f = J4(1.38 1 x 10-23 J/K)(298.ISK)(l 00kQ)(SA4kHz)

En_, = ~ E~_r1 + E;_,2 = J(28S n y)2 + (2.99 /l y)2 = 3-/l Y RMS

e. En - In. = ~ E2 . + E2
n- I n- \'
+ E2
n- r
= ~(80. 1Ilr y)2 + (3 .S26I1y)2
r
+ (3 rI1 y )2
= 80.2-/lVRMS
En- oul =~ F~1id.· E n- In. =l l(80 .2 rI1 Y)=882- rII YRMSRTO
4. 1

150m - 1-1-I-1-W-1W- ~ -+ W-I

;.

Ha.
I I I Ii Illi I I I 11"1 fl
~
:Oil
1 0(:111
- 1- 1-1I-Ill-Ii - 1-1 ~I-III
SOO. OOu
- 1-1+11+1 -+ }71-+1
I I j II WL -.. ·j I 11111 1
o ' Ii) +--i---+-4-+-i-l=i='f.T=-=--';""-';"""";'-;"';""';"";""
1 (1(. 1000k l(1000f!. 1

5.00 u - --r- r----T 1""11 rrr - ,-, --r-l TTl I ,

4 ~u ~ L U i UL _l-.J lllU lJ
~ 1 01)" _ I 1_' 111111 l' I 1111 11
~ '\ -I I 1-'11 -111 -1-1-1I-lIlil
~ 2011" ---\-
1 I-Ill-III - 1-1-11-lllll
-j

1 ~11I _ .t - tltrltrr
..... -~
--- .ti l l 11 --.,.
(I (II) +---+--+-l-++i+++--+--+-+-++l44-j
F lOOk 1()(J 00r.. l
F requenc', I Hz I

4.2 OLG= l0J32120 =3 .9S1 x l0 6

.±ljj;,9.= GBW = ISMH z = 4.52Hz

6
OLG 3.9S1 x l0
4 .3 Egimimt
"BEGIN PROG NSE FEMTO AMP / RT-HZ
. SUBCKT FEMT12
"BEGIN SETUP OF NOISE GEN -FEMPTOAMPS / RT · HZ
"IN PUTTHREE VARIABLES
"SET UP INSE 1/ F
'FA/RHZ AT 1/ F FRED
. PARAM NLFF=2.2
"FREO FOR 1/ F VAL
. PARAM FLFF=2.2
FREO FOR1 / F VAL=O . 001
'SET UP INSE FB
"FA / RH Z FLATBAND
. PARAM NV RF=2 . 2
"END USER INPUT
'START CALC VALS
 .PARAM GLFF={PWR(FLWF , O. 25 )* NLFF / 1164 }
. PARAM RNVF={1 .1 84 *PWR (NVRF , 2)}
.MODEL DVNF D KF={PWE(FLWF,O.5) / 1E11}IS=1 .OE. 16
El3ffifJ
*BEGIN PROG NSE NANO VO LT / RT -HZ
.SUBCKT VNSE 12
*BEGIN SETUP OF NOISE GEN - NANOVOLT / RT -HZ
*INPUT THREE VARIABLES
*SET UP VNSE 1/ F
*NV/ RHZ AT 1/ F FREQ
. PARAM NLF=60
*FREQ FOR 1/ F VAL
. PARAM FLW=O.1
*SET UP VNSE FB
*NV / RHZ FLATBAND
. PARAM NVR=3 . 8
*END USER INPUT
*START CALC VALS
.PARAM GLF= {PWR (FLW , O. 25)*NLF / 1164}
PAR AM RNV={1 .1 84*PWR (NV R,2 )}
. MODEL DVN D KF= {PWR(FLW,O.5) / 1E11 }1 E11=1 .OE - 16
*ENB CALC VALS
@1N.:

> r<J~ "' ~ t:'''h~J

• ~0'1C' ~~01

~(>:r.I [,)! " ...elc'

U S ~Jt :' ~' ef~

' '"'t' \' l' OCC) !J:l1l : 1
1'(lV r!~..or.:e ;!)l-ft\'
·1,1 I "JlI " J.l:.I~,-, .. lOt",1
I I:rnl.
11.< n i.!_,r. r" ~\·II~C' t.'I,]
u,--'j; :<tf,"..v!:cl~ ; ~ 'J
~ .J\,' • :. de: ~ IHd
- _0· : r ~\.h .~Y ...l $<).,rYi
• "!fI" 1'p.L boa: r l.l'I~' I~1
,~ . l ·
'I'1U ()~t..,4c ...l'ler~
,,\ :.1'~
\.,:.~, . - ?1t ~!( vot~~ r(,.:·. IV J
::...leJJdc.....b l hj;l r'" lei
1 ·1~·

1(I OOE-15

In

100.0011 ..

; ; : ::::
... .;. -..} ... + ... >..... , •..:•• ~.- .••
'i i
v~. 1 0. 00n · ~ .. ..
. .-:-: : ~:: ~t ~~~: ~~~~ ~~~~1 ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~::::: r~ ~::::::::: ;:===:;
. ......... ::: F· ··~ ·· · f···~··~··! · ~··~· - · F ::+
:::: ::::: ::: :::
:: ~ ::Ff :t :~:
' .- ._+_ •. ) .~ •. :+~.. ... .t.- .. ; •• • •• ~ ••. '! •• 1" +-+' "
··· -f-······ t - ···~--·f··,~ -~"i++'- ... _....+ ... j.-.-.~. ··l··· ~ .~-f .j.
l.00n · -~
i --i.......-+-+-+--l--'--i-i-':-__+__----;----'----+__+__~
1.00 3.161< 10.00M
~~* (Hz)
 .
51 = Y'(IONdBm IIO). 1mW·R -y
V,peel-anal - '(10-901 0 ) . ImW ·500 -7.07IpV
-

v = v;.peel-anal 7.07 1pV ~

spocHlen ~ K n ' RBW J1.128 x.1kHz =2 10.5nV/v'Hz
5.2 £ noise = Y'£2
meas - £ n2oor = J(I .2mV)2_ (O?
._ mV) 2 -- 1.183mV

6.1 enBB =3n V /.JHz

enBB-we = enllil ·1.1 = 3.3nV/.JHz m:~'t~)5t,T8JmmOifl5
6.2 en_niCker=20nV/.JHz atO.IHz
e = 3· en-nicker = 60n V/.JHz at 0.1Hz m:~'t~)RT8JP;mj;Oifl5
en-Ilicker-W
6.3 in-opaM27 = 2.2fAl.JHz $tuA~'&
in-OPa227 = 400fAI .JHz X)(f.&~$tuAill.
6.4 PJ ~J@jj:±~t.JD~B$tuAill.8J1#E:gEfWTE*;J6X/J\Oifl5 0 @mOifl5 ~$tuA~'&1#E:gE:g;Jit8J5:fh
f~JJX&tt o
6.5 5(1T:t::g~5J'E:gfE§:tti:f~ , oifl5@m~~5(1;1ffi~JJXlEtt o ~l'!m~JPFBjlill? , ~tJf§5(1T
~1!:j:: I fFrBffil*itt, ~5(1;1ffi~8J~{t1~i~/J\ 0

7.1 R =36k T = 36(1.381 X 10-23 J/K) 298.~ = 149GO

on in l(fAi Hz)
7.2 a. I28nVI JHz $tuAOifl5±~83:t::$tuAE:g~fi ( I M 0 ) 5 I~ o ~))51:0ifl58JH1D]lEm~
{til~fi~&: E:g~fi!ADifl5pfTt~~ 1~mM[9~~t~8JOifl5;!**5(1~ 1'ID)~it!JT1n~ ft
0 0

1IJPJ~J@jj:~:s1:-1'~))51:f~~*i~~;$:~ b g~Br:p8JOifl5~~.& o 1n~~Mf!:~~Di

p5jITW..1.~T 0.894mV RMS §X 5.364mVpp o
b. i~~Oip5;!*, 1~ l ifOip5- {gT$~{m: , {~mmOip5tt$~{m::t:: 10%0 ~B1~~E:g
;JitOip5i~~¥U[91g8J$l~{m: 1:E;$:1~~r:p, 83TOip5±~Ef)V~T IM $tuAE:g~fi, pIT
0

~J&~~JJ5I:Oip55(1$tu tJj Oip5~~ o[Oj::f:t:: 0

c. n~~PJ~Ji9:j[JJXtt b g~Bit~fM~:t::8J-1'E:g5:f o ~~tfE~Oip5@mttm::t::JlJ:l~Oip5
 :~JlMl~~ 191

*f~§; 0 tt~ot~ll B~ i9:iim 10m V pp 5'Jt~-l' tt~HB~i2H~ 0 ~*~'J~~*j!~~

Oi~B~ imfg 0 IlB~~@ilij!~~Oi~~.I@~~~-g-t§g§1*i~iAn~X~ 0

d. tiX)(t&~ - t&§$ , ~~~~Oi~@m~mtln~t&~5JitB~ZiJJ~~~~~ o tiLt15U$ , OPA827

2l ~ JFET $®J\W 0 H:iD]~~tll~oi~t~R ~ t±::Imi±g§i*~g~ , j:fUEgJ±~~~ll~O*~B~
H; it;~Hmtfj* 0 @m~t~*B~$® J\ EgB'§CJJ~J~~~B~t~ ;!i!~~U~~~ll~O*~ , ~n~~~
ll~x~~~t$:$®J\Eg ;JitFiJTh~* a P~rmtiLtf9u$, $®J\B.§m$B11bDB~rN*~f~*,
~B;j;L~ ;~ ;9:11~~ll~Oi~ 0 FiJT UtiLt15u $ , ;J5t/J \ $® J\ B.§t1C ~1~1l~~1l~O*~~.g.~t~
;!i!~~U 0

i±Lt15u$ , ftm@jj:Xm~$®tfjOi~B~~lllm:*~t~~~~ll~O*~ 0 §5)7~-fr.p7J ;*~Xm~O*~f§-5

B~i&:H; 0 ~~tll~O*~B~;$:H;1~~Sl.~~ 0 ~$-fr.p~f*7J ;*~~t~Oi~1§-5.1@~~$B~ 32 W~ 0

1
8.1 f = = 1. 16flHz
1Odays X 24(h/day)60(minlh )60(s/min)

8.2 j .-J= -1- =l x l 06 s

WII3
IflHz
6
lI'HlIJ C7~J = 1X 10 S = I 1.6*
60(5 I min)60Cminlh )24(h/day)

8.3 BW 333 = 350kHz · 1.57 = 5 . 44kH z

n 10 1
J
E,,333 = enBB BWn = (55nV I JHz J 5.44kHz) = 4.057flV
8.4 e rnonn = 225nV/ JHzJ1OHz =7 12nV

BW
_ 7MHz · 1.57 -_I 09kH Z
-
n364 10 1
, - - - - - , , - -- : : : - -- -

E r =712nV In [ 109kHz ]=3.57 fl V

n (1.16~lHz)

EnB Il =e nlJll fi3W: =17nV/JHzJ l 09kHz =5. 1 63~lV

E,,364 = JEr~f + E~IlB = J(3.57 fl V )2 + (5 .6 13flV)2 = 6.652flV

9.1 BW" = 35kHz ·1.57=54.95Hz

EnrlB =9nVJHzJ54.95kHz =2. llflV
 efnoml = 25nY/ M~ = 25nY

E nr =2SnV In ( ~:: ) =82 .S92nV

En = J £ ;un + £,~r = J(2. II~ly ) 2 + (82.592ny) 2 = 2.1 1-/-lYRM S
9.2 @i1 5(1~lliD*FE~.mi~,&;JJr a'J@J~5(1tr)JJlj~tB , iJ:J;Yi"D*FEtl I kH z ~.b1I1~)fEl ~ 0 tl1EI
-T 1kHz 81, OPA33 I $jf,jAD*FE~::k , tli'i5:J-T 1kHz 81, OPA33 I $jf,jAD*FE ~ /J \ o ;1~BfJT.R=*
;1 1NA333 aj$jf,jAW. o tl1EIt<gj~81mtBW.D*FEti?"if~-1'~~D[OJ~~L
I
9.3 ~I: = = 159.155Hz ~ : IHz Rbrdg := 10kD
2/-l( I /-IF)( I kD )

o -23 pA
BWn :=fll · 1.57=249. 873 x I0 Hz k n := 1.38 x I0 11K I .H :=6 ~
", Hz
i nRIl := 0.3pNMfli r ±f1ir~: =50 Tn : 298. 15K £ fnoml: = 30nY
J
InBR := i llBIl . BWn = 4.742 X 10- A
12

12
Ifnoml := /a,-r.JI =6 x I0- A

Inr := Irnoml In ( B;n J= 14.098 X

12
10- A

12
In := J / ;r + 1,7BB = 14.874 x 10- A

£n -rb := 4k ll (~l { R;d

g
]< B W n) = 143.446 x 10- Y
9

2Y
2(1 Rbrdg 9
£ . :=
0 - 1 n ) + 2(£ n- r
b)2 = 228.508 x 1O- y

£ n- opa BII:=
.
10nY/ M· J BWn = 158.074 x 10-9y

BWn = 70.49 x lOY

£ n- opa r := LInonn In __
( h
-9 J
9
£ n- opa :=J£2
n- op
aBB+ £ n-opa
2 r = 173 .079 x lO- y

£ n - out := I~ F ~ .'0i . £ Il - rtl. = 14.33 3 X 10- Y

6
_ 0
~ 10 .

I 0.1 *Eg=f.&~~6Egg.!:3&rDJ1M3m:EgJ±JJX;&tt ( m~ I 0.4 t::pB~~It )

10.2 a. ;J6X/NipliJ!{~
b. &~n~~tt
c. ~~~DrDl{g%mro , {g%mroEB RrfD Cr/~~
10.3 ±~ho C r , m~ 10.18
10.4

1 1 ~Pj'i,)~'o!=±t~~r-1(
l'
-4 2') 1 -+1---'---'--"..",...,.,''''''1-,......,.,-"-,,..,..
, TT''"TT'1---'---"""""'''''-',..,.,'TT""1
1 (10 k 1.1) (IM 1 (":1(.;

~ 11 .

23
11. 1 kh = 1.38 x 10- JfK
Tn = 298K
Rsh =250 MQ

i =)
4k T
b n = 8.112fN~
J R.h
q = 1.602 X 10-9 C
I D = lO x 10- 9 A

l sI. = ~2ql D
in_diod, Jij2 +is~ =57. 1 82fN~
I 1.2
a. Rr = 200kQ Cr = 4pF
CJ = 40pF COP' = 9pF
C = CJ +Copa =49pF
I

;; = I = 199kHz
p 2nR rC r

I, = I =199kH z
2nRrCr

r =~. r = I.5IMHz
J i Ci+Cr J c
nY
e nif = 7 JH;

eat- r = 55 nY / JHz ;; = 10Hz

ernoml = e"t_r . JI. = 174nY
;; = e~n;ml = 617Hz
enir

I 1.3 b. £no<1 := e~ir ' J;--( f) 6

= 1.367 x 10- Y

£no<2 := Je~ir ·U; - I r) =839 .92 x 10-9y

einr )2 . I: -1,3 = 23.879 x 10-6Y

( J, 3

(enir·lj = 113.952 x 10-<> Y

;;
6
2
£noc:= £no 2
ci + £noc2 2
+ £noc3 2
+ Enoe4 + £ n2oeS = 15 7.58 X I 0- Y
 c. in-cpa = O.6fNJHz

in-diode = 57.1SfNJHz

in-,onl = i~_npa +i~-diode = 57.1SfNJHz

Kn = 1.5 7
BWn = KJp = 3 12kHz

Enoi =in _lornIRrJBWn =6.392-~lY RMS

d. EnoR = J4 kTD r BWn = 32.076~Y

Eon = ) E~"R + E~oi + £~'le = Jr(3-2-.0-76-~-y-):-
2 +-(-6-.3-9-
2~-y-):-
2 +-(1-57-.5-S-Il-
y -'-
)2

= 161-~Y RMS

11.4

."
"
;.:-
~8.. ~'2 ';. 4 11
~
~
~

')'·:0+1~~~""""""-I~~~~I
1(1 ( 10k tOO (1II f\1

~Jj~ ' HZ '

1';1 'S~u

>
~it
~ Sf·;"':'oU
1l~

i I
I
'1111 1 (·rJl.~ l OC,(o()M

~Jj ~ ' HZO

196 ~.t&*HO~U~i 1;1tf-t~ffl1

253 :~2 n

;,
I_0

*11. 126 r:.r,n

~*
'l3
~

( . (10
I

" ," I
1 (1ft 1000 )'"

~~* ' H:'

>
*11. ilO Rlu
~
:tJ~

o Ill) Iii I i I 'i

1 00 1000k 1(1(10011.1
~~* 1Hz)