Practical 1: Aim: To Understand, Describe and Identify The Following Web Terminology

DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER ENGINEERINGWEB DEVLOPMENT TOOLS
Practical 1
Aim: To understand, describe and identify the following Web terminology.

1) WWW (Web):
 World Wide Web, which is also known as a Web, is a collection of websites or web
pages stored in web servers and connected to local computers through the internet.
 These websites contain text pages, digital images, audios, videos, etc.
 The WWW, along with internet, enables the retrieval and display of text and media to
your device.
2) Internet:
 The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net," is a worldwide system of computer
networks a network of networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have
permission, get information from any other computer.
 The Internet provides a capability so powerful and general that it can be used for
almost any purpose that depends on information, and it is accessible by every
individual who connects to one of its constituent networks. It supports World Wide
Web.
3) Broadband, DSL, Fiber, Wi-Fi – connections for internet:
 The term broadband commonly refers to high-speed Internet access that is always on
and faster than the traditional dial-up access.
 Broadband includes several high-speed transmission technologies such as Digital

Subscriber Line (DSL), Cable Modem, Fiber, Wireless, Satellite, Broadband over
Powerlines (BPL).
 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL): It is a wireline transmission technology that

transmits data faster over traditional copper telephone lines already installed to homes
and businesses.
 Fiber: It is optic technology converts electrical signals carrying data to light and
sends the light through transparent glass fibers about the diameter of a human hair.
Fiber transmits data at speeds far exceeding current DSL or cable modem speeds,
typically by tens or even hundreds of Mbps.
GOVERNMENT POLYTECNIC FOR GIRLS, AHMEDABAD 1

 WiFi: Wireless technologies using longer-range directional equipment provide

broadband service in remote or sparsely populated areas where DSL or cable modem
service would be costly to provide. Speeds are generally comparable to DSL and
cable modem. An external antenna is usually required.
4) ISP:
 Internet service provider (ISP), company that provides Internet connections and

services to individuals and organizations. In addition to providing access to the
Internet, ISPs may also provide software packages (such as browsers), e-
mail accounts, and a personal Web site or home page.
 An Internet Service Provider is also known as an Internet Access Provider or an
online service provider. An Internet Service Provider is a must if one wants to
connect to the internet.
5) Hyperlink:
 A hyperlink points to a whole document or to a specific element within a

document. Hypertext is text with hyperlinks. The text that is linked from is
called anchor text.
 A software system that is used for viewing and creating hypertext is a hypertext
system, and to create a hyperlink is to hyperlink (or simply to link). A user following
hyperlinks is said to navigate or browse the hypertext.
6) Hypertext document (HTML document):
 Hypertext is text displayed on a computer display or other electronic devices with

references (hyperlinks) to other text that the reader can immediately access.
 Hypertext documents are interconnected by hyperlinks, which are typically activated

by a mouse click, keypress set, or by touching the screen. Apart from text, the term
"hypertext" is also sometimes used to describe tables, images, and other
presentational content formats with integrated hyperlinks.
7) HTML:
 HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the most basic building block of the Web. It
defines the meaning and structure of web content.
 HTML uses "markup" to annotate text, images, and other content for display in a Web
browser. HTML markup includes special "elements" such
as <head>, <title>, <body>, <header>, <ul>, <ol>, <li> and many others.
 An HTML element is set off from other text in a document by "tags", which consist of
the element name surrounded by "<" and ">". The name of an element inside a tag is
case insensitive.
8) HTTP:

 HTTP stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.
 The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application layer protocol for
distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems.
 WWW is about communication between web clients and servers.Communication
between client computers and web servers is done by sending HTTP Requests and
receiving HTTP Responses
9) Webpage:
 Webpage is a document available on world wide web. Web Pages are stored on web
server and can be viewed using a web browser.
 A web page can cotain huge information including text, graphics, audio, video and
hyper links. These hyper links are the link to other web pages.
 Two types of WebPage : Static WebPage and Dynamic WebPage.
10) Website:
 A website is a collection of web pages and related content that is identified by a

common domain name and published on at least one web server. Notable examples
are wikipedia.org.
 Websites are typically dedicated to a particular topic or purpose, such as news,
education, commerce, entertainment, or social networking
11) URL:
 A Uniform Resource Locator (URL), colloquially termed a web address is a reference

to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism
for retrieving it.
 URLs occur most commonly to reference web pages (http), but are also used for file
transfer (ftp), email (mailto), database access (JDBC), and many other applications.
12) Client:
 A client is a computer or a program that, as part of its operation, relies on sending a

request to another program or a computer hardware or software that accesses a service
made available by a server (which may or may not be located on another computer).
13) Server:
 A server is a computer or system that provides resources, data, services, or programs

to other computers, known as clients, over a network. In theory, whenever computers
share resources with client machines they are considered servers.

 There are many types of servers, including web servers, mail servers, and virtual
servers.
14) Browser:
 Browser, software that allows a computer user to find and view information on

the Internet.
 Web browsers interpret the HTML tags in downloaded documents and format the

displayed data according to a set of standard style rules.
15) Browsing:
 Browsing is the act of looking through a set of information quickly, without a specific
sense of purpose. In the context of the internet, it usually refers to using the world
wide web.
 Browsing in the context of the internet typically means using a web browser. This can
be with a specific purpose, such as using email or updating one's status on a social
media site, or just using the web with no purpose in particular.
16) Surfing:
 Surfing describes the act of browsing the Internet by going from one web page to
another web page using hyperlinks in an Internet browser.
 When surfing, the user typically visits pages based on what interests him/her at the
moment.
17) Search engines:
 A search engine is software accessed on the Internet that searches a database of

information according to the user's query.
 The engine provides a list of results that best match what the user is trying to find.
 Today, there are many different search engines available on the Internet, each with its
own abilities and features.
18) Download:
 Download means to receive data from a remote system, typically a server such as

a web server, an FTP server, an email server, or other similar system.

 A download is a file offered for downloading or that has been downloaded, or the

process of receiving such a file.
19) Upload:
 Uploading refers to transmitting data from one computer system to another through

means of a network. Common methods of uploading include: uploading via web
browsers, FTP clients, and terminals (SCP/SFTP).
 Uploading can be used in the context of (potentially many) clients that send files to a

central server.
 Uploading directly contrasts with downloading, where data is received over a

network.
20) TCP/IP:
 TCP/IP, in full Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol,

standard Internet communications protocols that allow digital computers to
communicate over long distances.
 TCP is the component that collects and reassembles the packets of data, while IP is
responsible for making sure the packets are sent to the right destination.
21) IP address:
 IP address stands for internet protocol address; it is an identifying number that is

associated with a specific computer or computer network.
 When connected to the internet, the IP address allows the computers to send and
receive information.
22) Domain:
 A domain is a network of computers and devices that are controlled by one set

authority and that have specific guidelines.
 More specifically, within the Internet, a domain is controlled by one particular

company that has its own Internet presence and IP address.
 The domain is labeled by its domain name, such as amazon or amazon.com.
23) DNS:

 The domain name system (DNS) connects URLs with their IP address. With DNS, it’s
possible to type words instead of a string of numbers into a browser, allowing people
to search for websites and send emails using familiar names.
 When you search for a domain name in a browser, it sends a query over the internet to
match the domain with its corresponding.
24) Second level domain (SLD):
 A second-level domain (SLD) is the portion of a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

that identifies the specific and unique administrative owner associated with an
Internet Protocol address (IP address).
 The second-level domain name includes the top-level domain (top-level domain)
name.
25) Top level domain (TLD):
 A top-level domain (TLD) is one of the domains at the highest level in the

hierarchical Domain Name System of the Internet.
 For all domains in lower levels, it is the last part of the domain name, that is, the last
label of a fully qualified domain name.
26) Home page:
 Homepage is the main web page of a website.The term can also refer to one or more
pages always shown in a web browser when the application starts up. In this case, it is
also known as the start page.
 The home page is located in the root directory of a website. Most web server allow
the home page to have one of several different filenames.
27) Refresh:
 Refresh is a command that reloads the contents of a window or Web page with the
most current data.
 Web developers may also use the Refresh command to view recently published

changes to Web pages. Since refreshing a window reloads it with new information,
the terms "refresh" and "reload" are often used synonymously.
28) Template:

 A template is a pre-created document that already has some formatting. Rather than
starting from scratch to format a document, you can use the formatting of
a template to save yourself a lot of time.
 You can use a template that comes with Word, download one from the internet, or
create your own.
29) FTP:
 The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used for the transfer
of computer files between a client and server on a computer network.
 FTP is built on a client-server model architecture using separate control and data
connections between the client and the server.
30) ASP :
 ASP stands for active server pages and it is a server-side script engine for building
web pages.
 ASP is basically a server page that contains embedded programs in it. The programs
in it are processed on the Microsoft server.
31) IIS :
 IIS stands for Internet Information Services. IIS is a web server software package

designed for Windows Server.
 IIS is used to host an application over Web Server and is accessible from client
systems via a web browser.
32) Firewall :
 A firewall is a network security device that monitors incoming and outgoing network

traffic and permits or blocks data packets based on a set of security rules.
 Its purpose is to establish a barrier between your internal network and incoming
traffic from external sources (such as the internet) in order to block malicious traffic
like viruses and hackers.
33) Encryption :
 Encryption is the process of encoding information.
 Encryption does not itself prevent interference but denies the intelligible content to a
would-be interceptor.
34) Decryption :

 Decryption is a process of converting encoded/encrypted data in a form that is

readable and understood by a human or a computer.
 This method is performed by un-encrypting the text manually or by using keys used to
encrypt the original data.
35) Style sheet :
 A web style sheet is a form of separation of presentation and content for web

design in which the markup (i.e., HTML or XHTML) of a webpage contains the
page's semantic content and structure, but does not define its visual layout (style).
 Instead, the style is defined in an external style sheet file using a style sheet
language such as CSS.

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DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER ENGINEERINGWEB DEVLOPMENT TOOLS

3) Broadband, DSL, Fiber, Wi-Fi – connections for internet:

 Broadband includes several high-speed transmission technologies such as Digital

 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL): It is a wireline transmission technology that

GOVERNMENT POLYTECNIC FOR GIRLS, AHMEDABAD 1

 WiFi: Wireless technologies using longer-range directional equipment provide

 Internet service provider (ISP), company that provides Internet connections and

 A hyperlink points to a whole document or to a specific element within a

6) Hypertext document (HTML document):

 Hypertext is text displayed on a computer display or other electronic devices with

 Hypertext documents are interconnected by hyperlinks, which are typically activated

GOVERNMENT POLYTECNIC FOR GIRLS, AHMEDABAD 2

 A website is a collection of web pages and related content that is identified by a

 A Uniform Resource Locator (URL), colloquially termed a web address is a reference

 A client is a computer or a program that, as part of its operation, relies on sending a

 A server is a computer or system that provides resources, data, services, or programs

GOVERNMENT POLYTECNIC FOR GIRLS, AHMEDABAD 3

 Browser, software that allows a computer user to find and view information on

 Web browsers interpret the HTML tags in downloaded documents and format the

17) Search engines:

 A search engine is software accessed on the Internet that searches a database of

 Download means to receive data from a remote system, typically a server such as

GOVERNMENT POLYTECNIC FOR GIRLS, AHMEDABAD 4

 A download is a file offered for downloading or that has been downloaded, or the

 Uploading refers to transmitting data from one computer system to another through

 Uploading can be used in the context of (potentially many) clients that send files to a

 Uploading directly contrasts with downloading, where data is received over a

 TCP/IP, in full Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol,

 IP address stands for internet protocol address; it is an identifying number that is

 A domain is a network of computers and devices that are controlled by one set

 More specifically, within the Internet, a domain is controlled by one particular

 The domain is labeled by its domain name, such as amazon or amazon.com.

GOVERNMENT POLYTECNIC FOR GIRLS, AHMEDABAD 5

24) Second level domain (SLD):

 A second-level domain (SLD) is the portion of a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

25) Top level domain (TLD):

 A top-level domain (TLD) is one of the domains at the highest level in the

26) Home page:

 Web developers may also use the Refresh command to view recently published

GOVERNMENT POLYTECNIC FOR GIRLS, AHMEDABAD 6

 IIS stands for Internet Information Services. IIS is a web server software package

 A firewall is a network security device that monitors incoming and outgoing network

 Encryption is the process of encoding information.

GOVERNMENT POLYTECNIC FOR GIRLS, AHMEDABAD 7

 Decryption is a process of converting encoded/encrypted data in a form that is

35) Style sheet :

 A web style sheet is a form of separation of presentation and content for web

GOVERNMENT POLYTECNIC FOR GIRLS, AHMEDABAD 8

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