PIP,

Pplat, and MAP

PIP:
The maximum pressure measured during the inspiratory phase is known as
peak inspiratory pressure (PIP). It's possible to utilize it to measure the dynamic
compliance. It reflects airway resistance and alveolar compliance. Therefore, a
high PIP may indicates a problem in either airway resistance or alveolar
compliance or both.

Plateau pressure:
The pressure at end inspiration with breath hold is referred to as plateau
pressure. A Pplateau reading can be measured by utilizing the ventilator's
inspiratory pause control or by establishing a pause period of around 0.5 to 1.5
seconds. It can be used to obtain the static compliance. It reflects only the
alveolar compliance. Therefore, a high Pplatueau indicates a problem in
alveolar compliance. Furthermore, it’s highly recommended to use it at less
than 30cmH2O to prevent any complication like ventilator induced lung injury.

The difference between PIP and Pplat is the transairway pressure

MAP:
The average pressure measured throughout the respiratory cycle is referred to
as the mean airway pressure (MAP). Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), PEEP,
inspiratory time (TI), and total cycle time (TCT) are all factors that impact it.
Because the MAP closely follows the mean alveolar pressure, monitoring it can
be important for determining the benefits and adverse effects of positive
pressure ventilation (PPV). Moreover, increasing MAP can effectively enhance
oxygenation status, but it has an adverse effect on cardiac performance if it was
very high. Thus, caution must be considered.
It’s calculated by the following formula:

Reference:
- Cairo, Jimmy M. Pilbeam's mechanical ventilation: physiological and clinical
applications. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2015.