FACULTY OF FISHERIES AND FOOD SCIENCE

FIS 3401

AQUATIC BOTANY

NAME: MUHAMMAD KHAIRUL ADNI BIN MOHD KHIR (D53760)

LECTURER: DR. EMIENOUR MUZALINA BINTI MUSTAFA

ABOUT: INDIVIDUAL WRITTEN REPORT (LAB 6: FRESHWATER

MACROPHYTES)

DATE: 23 SEPTEMBER 2020

Question 1
Aspects Centella Oenanthe Neptunia Nymphaea Hydrilla Anubias barteri Azolla pinnata Pistia
asiatica javanica oleracea pubescens verticillata stratiotes
Division/ Tracheophyta Tracheophyta Spermatophyta Tracheophyta Tracheophyta Spermatophyta Tracheophyta Tracheophyta
Phylum
Class Magnoliopsida Magnoliopsida Dicotyledonae Magnoliopsida Magnoliopsida Monocotyledonae Polypodiopsida Magnoliopsida

Common Small spadeleaf Water celery Water mimosa White waterlily Waterthyme Dwarf Anubias Water ferns Water lettuce
English
name
Common Daun pegaga Daun selom Pokok semalu air Telipuk putih Rumpai air Anubias Green Azolla Kiambang
local name

Life form Emergent Emergent Attached pants Attached pants Submerged in Submerged in Floating in the Floating in the
with floating with floating water water water water
leaves leaves
Ecological Affect wild No increase algal Interfere with Aggressive and No causing Cover the
problem vegetation and blooms and oxygen competitive difficulties for surface of the
biodiversity by encourage exchange. plant boat transport, water
invading the growth of other water animals
area weeds and native
plant species
Utilization repair nervous treating various used in sewage used to treat used to provide used in used as an used in various
tissue chronic and water treatment dyspepsia, complete aquariums, animal feed a medicines for
acute hepatitis, plants. diarrhoea, piles, nutrition, to usually attached human food, a the treatment
jaundice, urinary improve to rocks or medicine and of eczema,
alcohol ailments, digestion and bogwood. water purifier leprosy, ulcers,
hangovers, cystitis, gastrointestinal piles, stomach
abdominal pain, nephritis, function disorder,
and enteritis, fevers, throat and
inflammatory insomnia, mouth
conditions. jaundice, inflammation
urinary troubles
and
haemorrhoids.

QUESTION 2.1

1. Biomimicry is the design of materials, structures or even system that mimics the process of
nature to improve human problems.
2. Two examples of biomimicry that are interesting for me are learning from kingfishers how to
break through boundaries from transportation and learning from mosquitoes to create a nicer
needle. Firstly, for the kingfisher, the interesting part about it is how it implies on the
Shinkansen bullet train where the speed of a bird gets to implement on the train. Secondly, for
the mosquito, the amazing part of it is when the medicine needle that penetrates likes it, by just
manipulating pressure to stabilize and easily glide into skin.
3. Yes, biomimicry is new to me.
 4. In my perspective, I think that biomimicry is amazing to me because of how human can create
and imitates things that mimic to the nature.
5. No.

QUESTION 2.2

1. Firstly, Centella asiatica as skin care product. The natural strategy to develop this product is
because of its richness in amino acids, beta carotene, fatty acids, and phytochemicals. This super
blend of nutrients offers fantastic benefits for the skin, including powerful anti-aging properties.
Secondly, the Azolla pinnata as livefeed stock since it has high content in proteins, essential
amino acids, vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin B12, Beta Carotene), growth promoter intermediaries
and minerals.
2. Two other different products are water mimosa (Neptunia oleracea) and water celery (Oenanthe
javanica). For the water mimosa, it has the ability to enable decontamination of soil or water
from heavy metals which makes it a suitable product for clarifying water making it an
appropriate product for marketing. Next, for the water celery, it has the compound that has
antimicrobial properties that fight infections and naturally can boost immunity. By this way, the
water celery will be good to have it as a beverage product.

QUESTION 3

Yes, because Malaysia can be one of the aquarium plants industry trade as in Malaysia have
various types of macrophytes that can be as a decoration for aquarium. Malaysia can trade among the
other countries by exporting the aquatic plants. I think that Malaysia is not the first player because
Malaysia has inadequate types of aquarium plants comparing to the other countries.

QUESTION 4

For my point of view, I think that plants are prohibited because some plants can become invasive and
also would cause harm to the ecosystem. For instance, small spadeleaf can affect wild vegetation and
intrude local species.

REFERENCES
https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/12048#tosummaryOfInvasiveness

https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/73271

https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/farms-fishing-forestry/agriculture/land-management/
health-pests-weeds-diseases/weeds-diseases/invasive-plants/restricted/water-mimosa

https://homeguides.sfgate.com/dangers-overgrowth-water-lilies-90481.html#:~:text=A%20few
%20water%20lilies%20(Nymphaea,invasive%2C%20they%20negatively%20impact%20ponds.

https://biomimicry.org/biomimicry-examples/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/centella-
asiatica#:~:text=Centella%20asiatica%20aka%20Gotu%20Kola,wide%20spectrum%20of%20skin
%20conditions.

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2019/6495819/

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
224934600_Little_known_uses_of_common_aquatic_plant_Hydrilla_verticillata_Linn_f_Royle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubias#:~:text=Reproduction%20and%20uses,-Anubias%2C%20most
%20notably&text=barteri%2C%20are%20commonly%20used%20in,will%20develop%20on%20the
%20leaves.

http://theazollafoundation.org/azollas-uses/as-a-livestock-feed/

https://www.feastingathome.com/celery-juice-recipe-and-10-benefits/#:~:text=It's%20good%20for
%20constipation%2C%20bloating,infections%20and%20naturally%20boost%20immunity.