es/3/22

UNIT-1
Machineleamiy
Her al Alasendes simon:Jeaminy is any proces
tCh Trom
by a system improVes pertoYmare
elperbences".
*lach1ne Leaming s Concemed ith Computer
Pograms that automaticaly impro ve thof peton
hrough elperence
Trasitiona prog Yaymming
Daba CompubsOsput
ProgYam
Machine Jearning
Doga
Outpu Cemprde Pgn
Why ML9
Sysfems tha can automati caly adapt
Deveoping
and
a n Customi3e them selves to ndividual Uses

Per so naliyed maid filter or neus

Disco ver nes knovltege trom lage oatabase (sze
min

Mas be basbet analysis

nimi3e human and yeplace certain
Ym
Te2Uire some intelligene.
hich
basks
mon 0 on omaus hand OYibten Charoches
.Like ye cogn i3ing
hat are tuo dithcut/eIp ens
Derelap systems etune
bo Con struo
manua "y lecau se they
details sk:1us of bnoledge tumed to a
sPtoithc
Speci Fic bsk
ohy Now lepecialy
sibh bbeod
data
Flo aro plahle
of intemel
ntreasirg ConpladiopRal pouoer
algorts
gots
and bho,
and h o.
arailable
arailable
n
progvess
6roing
developeo by vesearches,

foy
tov
DnouStTES
Dnoustres

Supor
Dncreasing

learmiy)-
ha s mhine
appicatio
otastitica
learningS
an
and date h
and date
Machine algorithms

decIsion by
by
nvolves
8ECISIop
nGell
igencehot Ymake
make
and
naly siS
a u t o m a t i c a l

venhon
h e m a r T o e r

without
Tese pertorm tash n
Compuber
ho
descrites
T eperien les
previoS

he
en by eamig
earnirg
n machine
mahine
Can say
Say
elpes1ente.
ereFore
Th
on the
basis ot
generaped
AT

CompureY S ML Sort ore

Normm Conpputer
n0Tmal Conplter
0Ymal
So
l
ditfererce
The nt gib
hasn gi
hg human developer
4ML i5
bhat a
instru he system hoo o read
Cooles tha
sihuation,insha 1 5 being braint
be
g e nwm bey o dala
Jhen do wt CUSe MLY
Human etpevtise does no (Navigainge
MERS
Human Con explain their etpondspeech retg
Mo de 15
Must be Cus tom isedPersonaliged medicing)
Models dased huge amount of dadalgeaoni)
Some
CCCarmples o bask that are best selve
by sing
aLearnig algoribhin
Kecognig ing patterns
tntautmg patters- 6mratin
mage ov hotiap
Receg niging ano moli es sefene
iesUnuStd Credit Card transêlios
wn u Sual
Predictáon pabbems ot senser veliy
Furure stock pyices (od
Cur reny ecchange vades.
ok the Ml Algoyiths
_are
Neral ntb rks
'Random Forests
Decsion rtes
Genebi algorib
Rad ial hasis Function
'STgmoid
ypes d ML
ML
There a hree bypes or
-Saptrvistd Leaxmivg braining datat desive
Ocdpa

- Uns perViStd Leamingraineng daga,(ibhoudoo

ReintorOem Leaxmng(Rtwayds fron sepuence

of actions)
 MO
Ma

n}
Kea time éramples for MuL ime
leas
Mach
compuwt

Tyollic preJiction. bydy o

sc o n s t y u c t i n g co mpub

Virtua) Persona) AssiStan

rajning
oktd
ondine ransporfatioh aun
d

Socialmdia Serges Jeaning problemsS

spam 1Eerin. Mach ine Learning

mail
Oolutt ye Comendation to be mo
p necds
onLine fraud deiection

in ML sy en
ha tpe o
Learning easily oY ha
The Con 68pdt
improvi e u Y e mens5
Jeax n ing

Lask over tas T 6,enex a'y

-TmpYo Ve meascr,P

thY ESpec
o pertoln beanin9 P
-
e p e r i e n c e ,

-Bastd on
Eramples o
o achine eaYnig
Advanages Prelem S Ye
efhreient
Fast, Ace wYute, Lin0Y Re
afplicattoy
7Futomation of m0st Non-Linear
pplitoians
i d e Yang of e a ) i t
BayeSian
ScuYiEy and Spoum deledion
76nhadn ced uybey
7NO hm ol ntervention us neede
Hanng muti- dimtnsiona dat
Dis advanbag 05 Mash ine Jeaning

15 very ditiu o rdently olnd 1h

ht eYors
Dala A4Uisibion

I n tepre tation o esuwts 19ui rts mott ti

and space
Mach ime
Jeaynig Machnt
Machint tarminy 15 define as he
of
Compuwter algovibhmn$-tor Cutomatically
constyucting Copuber
n d
compuer OFD
softoore through Past erperion
rajning dhd
Raning problems.ohen ye
Machine Ohen y0think a problem is
netds toLeanimg Dsohlemn (a decis
a

be deci ion
i0 S
probl ha
Dha modeted
mo delfed from daja
dala), think net of
tpe
easily oy ot
pre))em yo
Prep)em yod Coud
Could phyase i as
u whaype
mens i5
o
outome the chent o

6, eneX allyhereas
as itor and toork ackuda/ds
beaning problms rebw0 main
types ot machme
) CupeY vises
and
Ctamples o
On Supervi sed
Prooem S aYe agovihms wse for Super viSed
regresSSion
Lin a,Y Regression
Non-Lineay Heg yes Sion
BayeSian JrmeayegYession
Prob Jem types Denils Algovibhms An ame1y
defectien

he need 1S to
Reg vess ion Ohen Lineay tgpes
Predic numerca vajug
problers
b-NM) Yand on
Such i0d of fer est neur
ion probens
axe cauleol regres5 netorks

house price pvedtjen Ran king

need
Ohen thtre is a
Classitication he dala in dtter
b classihy
CIasses i5 called a classiticat ley:tic
Pseblem T the axe tioe Clse Yandomfove
Tismubi-non tiassitiat b-N gradie

clas sikg whether aperser beesig ClRss ifie Re Comm endm

Sftesg hom qdiseage neayal meors
19
whethera
o otherASe Clsfy
stock 19 buy se o "hetd"

hen there is need to

CLus bexng k-mtas DBSCAN
Ca begori2e the Jetla Peinbs
or clustes
ievedie) clob
SimilauY vouping
this 75 caujed a custermg G asson midot
ymede)s, BI Re
Preblem

Dautd ge
htn there is hoe o ARD A,SARIA
1tme-Seres
Predic o number bastd
toreCastmg LSTM 2poNNtia
on the timt- SerVICe
9moo thing )prophet
dauta is Calt a
ARCH, T BATS,
mSeYTeS fore casting
ynan ic e a y
Problem
optim
mo dels
An amely hen theve is a netd
detection te find he oublcs i Jsolatonoresl
the doasel, }he problem minim um lo-veoia
15 Calle an
anumaly delexminmyb lot
detettion probe Cutlrex facdor,
One-clas5 SVm
Ran iog when thereis a
OTder tht need o
Yesults of a Bipartre Yanting
reguest 0r guwry
bus ed on
somt riteri
CbiPaxtle rank-bast
the preblem Is biprbie YankS y
n5n
Psolles
ReCommendation hen there is an ed to
Te commended sLh as
ne Video o warch content-bes ed
or
nec ong"o igleh
an Col) ebovebve
Eh pre blem 5 called
arecomendation poem flering methine
Tht solution to Such leA7ing mihods
ProbTem S aye Cal ed
YtCOm mender systs

Dautd 9entrufio Lohenhere a hetd is

togenerate Such as img 6en exalive

VidtoS, arholes, Poss ett- ad ve Sasia netho

Theproblem 5 Called C6A),Hidd tn
da enerubion p reblery M arkov Modes

when theye is a need

Linenr PoqyaPmj
OPimidbion togenerale a se od eulpus
Chat optimize
outCo mes m ethos genetic
Telattd to Some obiedive Prog ramming
obieotive Aundion
ay
Theproblem is called
 Types o t ach
h a axe the sleps znvolved Ln buld ig Mach
Math e
Jeam ing Mode ls 4

Prob Lenm defnibion Dnvoves Co nveTtig a

bus
PYotlem
Yo blem oamach ine learn img
he pro cess of crta) Usu
Hypobh esis genexakon) 19
Crentm ScPenal Jearning

thesis and potentay - (Dell detmed gals

d
Op osi ble bus in tS5 hypo
abo
of he model Rexerse Engineiop
Data Collecton Teg uis es yo
bo Collett the dh bramp)e - freul
Non-Fraad rasaljons
for bestng our hypobhesis
and p olen tia) fto
Unvengo managen
oP the mede

Daka eplovato andceahing heps you Yemors

then bransho
out Liers, missimg vajwes qnd
Yepuired rmad
the daute Unto bhe Com mn 5Sueg
yoy ttualy
build the Mathne
Modelling 19 wh ere
eaning models.
ML 15 eing
the males
fOnce ul, youy WI deploy O17 a n i a t i o n 5

1 5 - 4

cho Ces ha
y
Meachine Jemning
ne hodo 09 es
Cannot
ntos matien eedDaka Colectin) Hsloy e
epesitnce
aula- daelase
Siruation traly Ss olp danhast
Lgovithm
Opeyabion pertor ? Lnshruhionlfower
Reackion C90u
 Ana) 1bcs Vidhy

yps or Pachine Leaninp

Sufen Jearning
Ns ltamirg
Dell dernel gal Ursutvsed J$aiy Re-itovcemnt
earning
Rexerse Engin eio Ouhcomt iS based
ondy on Lnpus Sa de
'rample -Fraul cLl) end
NOn -Frandronalyos
bn Veno manageme
Oupone-1yPtaly
clustering
Satl deFing
'The ag ent
Segmerplon d i5covers e

Pa)b he
elationS on
1s own
Com mbm
JSSueS n Mu-
ML 15 being ustd an
evey nJusfry 5
oyg anialions ymase nore nf orm ea
he)p
dale-driv
Cho Ces hal ae more tective then
classita)
ne hodo l09eS t St has So meny pro6lgms

ha Canno be ighored
 2. Ln adtg uak Training Data
JhilL usim
5SLes h e Comes To make Sure
SUYe
Tht masor

tan ing algorhms 1s

the Lack of a)1 ay
2ua)

a9 uanCty ot dafa brein ing

deale n
U5
in bhe
Althoagh dofe plays
a vit
)
yole

mOny dota Srie

bhPre Cosesthat

a1gorith
or Ma ch;ne
overbting
Claim tha nade de Jabe, nosy dee
ea,
data are
extrerly Ahaus tirg Ti
Un clean
ML eng
L algor uby
2Pao 2ality dete methodsto
'Incsese tra
dSgniticanto ML,9
data pays
as wel NOisy dabe
be o gcoo guelity
by Seject
Jh accay ale datt, wclton
n com pleje data da
ltad to ess accaxaly in
Classitroasion Ridgt
2luality Yesu
.bardy
da Quality also be ConSidote Reduce
HenCe can

CommoOY P Yohlem hwhil procey .Reduce

achint l algevilhs ConstYe

 Pvesentative taini0g dae

mabe Sure O training ade S gererah

t 0Y
o hu sample
wwe
e hav to
hart enswrt
train ing daka
Vn us be Yepresen tdke et new
Cosestha ue ed g tntra)3

40veFting qUndertig
t1 One ot tht most Commmon 15Sues lacel
M enq in tes 4 Daha SCien tes
Methods to reduce
ovetitting
ncvease traming daa n
datase
Reduce mode) Complerty
b
5
infity ing he
the modt
meh
selecting one wihfewer paramtbers
igt Yeg ulariat loy Lasso
Repulori Jozo>
bardy sppingdaing he raining phase
Reducete nose
Reduce the wer of abtsi bales in
trajni de
Lonstra.ing he medlef
 Ondoibeimg
of over/ittiny
pposite
8 ust the
CUnoeorietin tainea E
is
node
whenerex
resu Provile

a mouhs aldate a
de5EToys the
dabea
inaCauvale
nComplele 4

mae)
o

Ondertetimp
Cndertitting

to reduee
Met hods

ompletitf
Inc vease Mod
Kemovtnoise
rom tht daa

TYaine ov n Cre
ase4Jerter eaderes
teatues

he lo v5drain s
Reds
epoc o ge bttr
I NCseaS he noo