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hyperconvex spaces

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Materials Today: Proceedings 29 (2020) 605–610 www.materialstoday.com/proceedings

NSES 2018

An intersection property gluing on weak outwardly

hyperconvex spaces
Qazi Aftab Kabira*, Ramakant Bhardwajb, Masroor Mohammadc, Rupali Vermad and
Sharad Kumar Bravee.
a,c
Department of Mathematics, Saifia Science College, Bhopal (M.P.), India-462001.
b
Department of Mathematics, Technocrats Institutes of Technology, group of Institutes Bhopal, India-462021.
d
Department of Mathematics, Institute of Excellence in Higher Education Bhopal, India-462016.
e
Department of Mathematics, J.H. Govt. P.G. College Betul, India-460001.

Abstract

In this paper we have generalizeda certain and adequate circumstance nether which gluings of H- metric spaces on weak
outwardly hyperconvex subsets are hyperconvex. Our results are the extension of the results obtained by B. Miesch and M.
Pavon (J. Topo. Anal., volume 9, issue 3, September 2017), to the case of intersection property for gluing on weak outwardly
hyperconvex subsets gives rise to H- spaces.

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Selection and Peer-review under responsibility of National Conference on “Smart Materials: Energy and Environment for Smart Cities (NSES-
2018).

Keywords:Gluing; H- spaces; weak outwardly hyperconvex; injectivity.

1. Introduction

The thought of hyperconvexity is formed under reference [1] who demonstrated that a hyperconvexity is a flat out
withdraw; it is a nonexpansive complete retract of any metric space in which it is isometrically implanted. From the
point forward a considerable measure has been composed on H-metric spaces, theperuser may prologue to the vast
majority of the data in the ongoing reviews [2, 4, 5, 6 and 8] it can be concluded hyperconvexity and its associations
with presence of settled focuses for nonexpansive mappings are determined.
Miesch [11] gave some fundamental and adequate criteria of gluing alongside firmly convex and gluing on
outwardly hyper-convex subsets. It is established inquiry on the off chance that we preserve glue two H- metric
spaces alongsidenot unusual subsetswith the end goal that the properties of the spaces are safeguarded. Recently, B.
Corresponding author. Tel.: +919827541893; fax: +7552805102. E-mail address: drrkbhardwaj100@gmail.com

2214-7853© 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Selection and Peer-review under responsibility of National Conference on “Smart Materials: Energy and Environment for Smart Cities (NSES-
2018).
606 Q.A. Kabir et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings 29 (2020) 605–610

Piatek [13] proved that the glue oftwo H- metric spaces on aincomparable period, then the resultant metric space
will be hyperconvex. We have generalized the result of B. Miesch and M. Pavon [12] by studying gluing on weak
outwardly hyper-convex subsets. Throughout this paper H-spaces presents hyperconvex space.

2. Definitions and Preliminaries

Definition 𝟐. 𝟏. [4]. A metric space (𝐺, 𝑑) is called hyper-convex if for any furnish classify of closed balls

{𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 )} ∈ of 𝐺 which conform to

𝑑 𝑔 ,𝑔 ≤𝑟 +𝑟

For 𝑖, 𝑗 ∈ 𝐼,

𝐵 (𝑔 , 𝑟 ) ≠ ∅.
∈

Definition 𝟐. 𝟐. [12]. A subset 𝑀 ⊂ 𝐺 is called outwardly hyperconvex if for all collections {𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 )} ∈ with

𝑑 𝑔 ,𝑔 ≤ 𝑟 + 𝑟 and 𝑑(𝑔 , 𝑀) ≤ 𝑟 we have ⋂ 𝐵 (𝑔 , 𝑟 ) ∩ 𝑀 ≠ ∅. Denote the set of weak outwardly

hyperconvex subsets of 𝐺 by ℰ(𝐺).

Definition 𝟐. 𝟑. [13]. A subset A of a metric space (𝐺, 𝑑) is adjoining if for all 𝑔 ∈ 𝐺 the intersection

𝐵(𝑔, (𝑔, 𝑀)) ∩ 𝑀 is non-empty.

Lemma 𝟐. 𝟏. [12].Let (𝐺, 𝑑) be the metric space received by using gluing a own family of H- metric spaces

(𝐺 , 𝑑 ) ∈ on few sets 𝑀, 𝑀 as might beM, 𝑀 is weak outwardly hyperconvex in 𝐺 for each 𝜆 ∈ Λ. For

𝑔 ∈ 𝐺 and 𝑔∗ ∈ 𝐺 ∗ with 𝜆 ≠ 𝜆∗ , there are so points 𝑚 ∈ 𝐵(𝑔, (𝑔, 𝑀)) ∩ 𝑀 and 𝑚 ∈ 𝐵(𝑔∗ , (𝑔∗ , 𝑀)) ∩ 𝑀 as

might be

𝑑(𝑔, 𝑔∗ ) = 𝑑(𝑔, 𝑚) + 𝑑(𝑚, 𝑚∗ ) + 𝑑(𝑚∗ , 𝑔∗ )

Lemma 𝟐. 𝟐. [12].Let (𝐺, 𝑑) be the metric area acquire by gluing a ancestry of H- metric spaces (𝐺 , 𝑑 ) ∈ on

a few sets 𝑀, 𝑀 as might beM, 𝑀 is weak outwardly hyperconvex in 𝐺 for each 𝜆 ∈ Λ. Then for 𝜆 ≠ 𝜆∗ ,

𝑔 ∈ 𝐺 and 𝑟 ≥ 𝑠 ≔ 𝑑(𝑔, 𝑀), one has

∗
𝐵(𝑔, 𝑟) ∩ 𝐺 ∗ = 𝐵 𝐵 (𝑔, 𝑠) ∩ 𝑀, 𝑟 − 𝑠 .

Therefore, if 𝐵 (𝑔, 𝑠) ∩ 𝑀 ∈ ℰ(𝐺 ∗ ), then we also have 𝐵(𝑔, 𝑟) ∩ 𝐺 ∗ ∈ ℰ(𝐺 ∗ ).

 Q.A. Kabir et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings 29 (2020) 605–610 607

Example 𝟐. 𝟏.(compare [12], example 3.3]). Let 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ be any I-Lipschitz function. Consider its graph

𝑀 = {(𝑔, ℎ) ∈ 𝑙 : ℎ = 𝑓(𝑔)} and the three sets 𝐺 = {(𝑔, ℎ) ∈ 𝑙 : ℎ ≤ 𝑓(𝑔)},

𝐺 = {(𝑔, ℎ) ∈ 𝑙 : ℎ ≥ 𝑓(𝑔)}, and 𝐺 = {(𝑔, ℎ) ∈ 𝑙 : ℎ ≤ 𝑓(𝑔)}. Then

𝑙 = 𝐺 ⨆ 𝐺 𝐺 Is hyperconvex and take up as the gluing of three H- spaces 𝐺 , 𝐺 , 𝐺 .

3. Main Results

Theorem 𝟑. 𝟏. Let (𝐺, 𝑑) be the metric space acquire by means of gluing a own family of H- metric spaces
(𝐺 , 𝑑 ) ∈ alongside a few set 𝑀, 𝑀 , as might be, for every𝜆 ∈ Λ, M, 𝑀 is weak outwardly hyperconvex in 𝐺 .
Then 𝐺 is hyperconvexiff ∀𝜆 ∈ Λ and all 𝑔 ∈ 𝐺\𝐺 , the intersection 𝐵 𝑔, 𝑑(𝑔, 𝑀) , 𝐵 𝑔, 𝑑(𝑔, 𝑀 ) ∩ 𝑀 ∩ 𝑀 is
gluing outwardly hyperconvex in 𝐺 . Furthermore, if 𝐺 is hyperconvex, the subspaces 𝐺 are weak outwardly
hyperconvex in 𝐺.

Proof.Let {𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 )} ∈ be a family of balls in with 𝑑 𝑔 , 𝑔 ≤ 𝑟 + 𝑟 .sectionalising the proof into two parts.

Case 1. If, for each𝑖, 𝑗, 𝑘 ∈ 𝐼, one has

𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 ) ∩ 𝐵 𝑔 , 𝑟 ∩ 𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 ) ∩ 𝑀 ∩ 𝑀 ≠ ∅,

Setting 𝐶 ≔ 𝑀 ∩ 𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 ), we acquire that the family {𝐶 } ∈ is intersecting. Moreover, {𝐶 } ∈ is controlled in

𝜀(𝑀), for𝑀, 𝑀 is gluing outwardly hyperconvex. We know ⋂ ∈ 𝐶 ≠ ∅, and consequently

𝐵 (𝑔 , 𝑟 ) ≠ ∅,
∈

Case 2. Otherwise, there are 𝑖 , 𝑗 , 𝑘 ∈ 𝐼 with 𝑔 , 𝑔 , 𝑔 ∈𝐺 such that

𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 ) ∩ 𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 ) ∩ 𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 ) ∩ 𝑀 ∩ 𝑀 ≠ ∅

Indeed, either there is some 𝑖 ∈ 𝐼 such that 𝑑 𝑔 , 𝑀 > 𝑟 , or𝑑 𝑔 , 𝑀 > 𝑟 and we may take 𝑖 = 𝑗 = 𝑘 or if

𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 ) ∩ 𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 ) ∩ 𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 ) ∩ 𝑀 ∩ 𝑀 ≠ ∅

With 𝑔 , 𝑀 > 𝑟 , 𝑑 𝑔 , 𝑀 > 𝑟 and 𝑑 𝑔 , 𝑀 > 𝑟 , we get 𝑔 , 𝑔 , 𝑔 ∈ 𝐺 by lemma 2.2 notice that, in

dual sections , we may consider that, for 𝑔 ∈ 𝐺 ≠ 𝐺 , we have 𝑑 𝑔 , 𝑀 > 𝑟 , or 𝑑 𝑔 , 𝑀 >𝑟 .

Now we choose 𝑀 = 𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 ) ∩ 𝐺 . Then for every 𝑖, 𝑗, 𝑘 ∈ 𝐼 , one has 𝑀 ∩𝑀 ∩𝑀 ≠ ∅ . Therefore

𝑖 , 𝑗 , 𝑘 ∈ 𝐺 , then we are done by gluing hyperconvexity of 𝐺 . Then the set is

𝑀 = 𝐵 𝑔 ,𝑟 ∩ 𝐵 𝑔 ,𝑟 ∩ 𝐵 𝑔 ,𝑟 = 𝐵 (𝑔 , 𝑟 ) ∩ 𝐵 (𝑔 , 𝑟 ) ∩ 𝐵 (𝑔 , 𝑟 )
608 Q.A. Kabir et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings 29 (2020) 605–610

And 𝑠 ≔ 𝑑(𝑀 , 𝑀 ). Then we have 𝐵(𝑀 , 𝑠) ∩ 𝑀 ∩ 𝑀 ≠ ∅. Furthermore, we get

𝐵(𝑀 , 𝑠) = 𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠) ∩ 𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠) ∩ 𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠)

And hence

𝐵 𝑔 ,𝑟 + 𝑠 ∩ 𝐵 𝑔 ,𝑟 + 𝑠 ∩ 𝐵 𝑔 ,𝑟 + 𝑠 ⊂ 𝐺 .

To see this, we have

𝐵(𝑀 , 𝑠) = 𝐵 𝑔 ,𝑟 + 𝑠 ∩ 𝐵 𝑔 ,𝑟 + 𝑠 ∩ 𝐵 𝑔 ,𝑟 + 𝑠 ⊂ 𝐺 .

And therefore

𝐵 𝑔 ,𝑟 + 𝑠 ∩ 𝐵 𝑔 ,𝑟 + 𝑠 ∩ 𝐵 𝑔 ,𝑟 + 𝑠 \𝐵(𝑀 , 𝑠) ⊂ 𝐺\𝐺 .

Now it can be assumed that,

ℎ ∈ 𝐵 𝑔 ,𝑟 + 𝑠 ∩ 𝐵 𝑔 ,𝑟 + 𝑠 ∩ 𝐵 𝑔 ,𝑟 + 𝑠 ∩ (𝐺 \𝐺 )

Now since

𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠) ∩ 𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠) ∩ 𝐵 𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠 ∩ 𝑀 ∩ 𝑀 ≠ ∅

And

𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠) ∩ 𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠) ∩ 𝐵 𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠 ∩ 𝐺

Is gluing outwardly hyper-convex in 𝐺 and the way-connected, the result will be

ℎ ∈ 𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠) ∩ 𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠) ∩ 𝐵 𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠 ∩ 𝐺 \𝐺

With 𝑑(ℎ , 𝑀) ≤ 𝑠. But then by lemma 2.1 we have

𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 ) ∩ 𝐵(ℎ , 𝑠) ∩ 𝐺 ≠∅

𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 ) ∩ 𝐵(ℎ , 𝑠) ∩ 𝐺 ≠∅

𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 ) ∩ 𝐵(ℎ , 𝑠) ∩ 𝐺 ≠∅

And therefore

𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠) ∩ 𝐵(𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠) ∩ 𝐵 𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠 ∩ 𝐵(ℎ , 𝑠) ∩ 𝐺 ≠∅

i.e. ℎ ∈ 𝐵(𝑀 , 𝑠) contradicting ℎ ∉ 𝐺 . Next we show that the family

ℱ ≔ {𝐵 𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠 ∩ 𝐺 , 𝐵 𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠 ∩ 𝐺 , 𝐵 𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠 ∩ 𝐺 , 𝐵 (𝑔 , 𝑟 ), 𝐵 𝑔 , 𝑟 , 𝐵 (𝑔 , 𝑟 )}
 Q.A. Kabir et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings 29 (2020) 605–610 609

Is pair wise intersecting. We already observed that

𝐵 𝑔 ,𝑟 + 𝑠 ∩ 𝐺 ∩ 𝐵 𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠 ∩ 𝐺 ) ∩ (𝐵 𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠 ∩ 𝐺 ≠∅

Further, since 𝑔 ∈ 𝐺 ≠ 𝐺 ∋ 𝑔 , by lemma 2.1 has

𝐵 𝑔 ,𝑟 + 𝑠 ∩ 𝐺 ∩ 𝐵 (𝑔 , 𝑟 ) ≠ ∅

And ad jointly for (𝑖 , 𝑖) substituted by (𝑖 , 𝑗)and also by (𝑗 , 𝑖) to (𝑗 , 𝑗) and similarly (𝑘 , 𝑖) replaced by (𝑘 , 𝑗).

Finally,

𝐵 (𝑔 , 𝑟 ) ∩ 𝐵 𝑔 , 𝑟 ∩ 𝐵 (𝑔 , 𝑟 ) ≠ ∅

With hyperconvexity into 𝐺 . Thuswe have permitted that ℱ is intersecting. As ℱ ⊂ ℰ(𝐺 ), then we have

𝐶 = 𝐵 (𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠) ∩ 𝐵 (𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠) ∩ 𝐵 𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠 ∩ 𝐵 (𝑔 , 𝑟 ) ∩ 𝐵 (𝑔 , 𝑟 ) ≠ ∅

Since

𝐵 𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠 ∩ 𝐵 𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠 ∩ 𝐵 𝑔 , 𝑟 + 𝑠 ∩ 𝐺 ⊂ 𝑀, 𝑀 ,

We have in particular 𝐶 ⊂ 𝐺.

Hence

𝐵 (𝑔 , 𝑟 ) ∩ 𝐵 𝑔 , 𝑟 ∩ 𝐵 (𝑔 , 𝑟 ) ∩ 𝑀 ∩ 𝑀 ⊃ 𝐶 ∩ 𝑀 ∩ 𝑀 = 𝐶 ≠ ∅.

This is the complete result.

Corollary 𝟑. 𝟐.Let (𝐺, 𝑑) be the metric space acquire by attached a collecting(𝐺 , 𝑑 ) ∈ of H- metric spaces onfew

sets 𝑀, 𝑀 ,as might beM, 𝑀 is weak outwardly hyperconvex in 𝐺 for each 𝜆 ∈ Λ, Then 𝐺 is H-convex.

4. Conclusions

In this paper we have proved the gluings of hyperconvexity beside weak outwardly hyperconvex subsets which are
hyper-convex, and also the intersection property for gluing alongside weak outwardly hyper-convex subsets is
applied to demonstrate H- spaces.

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