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A Study of Wind Speed Characteristic in PI Controller Based DFIG Wind Turbine
A Study of Wind Speed Characteristic in PI Controller Based DFIG Wind Turbine
Vol:60 2011-12-29
Abstract²The Wind Turbine Modeling in Wind Energy This paper is organized as following; Section II describes
Conversion System (WECS) using Doubly-Fed Induction Generator about the wind energy systems consistency to the output
(DFIG) PI Controller based design is presented. To study about the power, the coefficient and the tip-speed ratio characteristic.
variable wind speed. The PI controller performs responding to the DFIG model and control strategy by PI controller [3-7]
dynamic performance. The objective is to study the characteristic of explained in Section III and IV, respectively.
wind turbine and finding the optimum wind speed suitable for wind
In Section V is the simulation result, the specification
turbine performance. This system will allow the specification setting
(2.5MW). The output active power also corresponding same the input reference to The Lumtakhong wind power plant in Nakhon
is given. And the reactive power produced by the wind turbine is Ratchasima, Thailand [8]. Final conclusion in section VI.
regulated at 0 Mvar. Variable wind speed is optimum for drive train
performance at 12.5 m/s (at maximum power coefficient point) from II.THE WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS
the simulation of DFIG by Simulink is described.
The process of WECS transforms wind into mechanical
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World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
Vol:60 2011-12-29
The output power Pm is dependent on the power coefficient Vqs iqs Lm iqr Vqr
Cp. It is given by [10]:
- -
1
Pm US R 2 v3C p (O , E ) (1) q axis
2
And the tip-speed ratio is defined as: Rs Ȧࢥds Lls Llr (Ȧ-Ȧr)ࢥdr Rr
+ +
International Science Index 60, 2011 waset.org/publications/11081
- + + -
Zt R
O (2) Vds ids Lm idr Vdr
v
C p (O , E ) c1 ¨ 2 c3 E c4 ¸ e Oi c6 O (3) d
© Oi ¹ °vds Rs ids Ids ZsIqs
dt
°
°v d
Rs iqs Iqs ZsIds
1 1 0.035 ° qs
With 3 dt (4)
Oi O 0.08E E 1 ®
°v d
Rr idr Idr (Zs Z )Iqr
° dr dt
The coefficient c1 through c6 depends on the shape of the ° d
blade and its aerodynamic performance [11]. °vqr Rr iqr Iqr Zs Z Idr
¯ dt
0.6
°Ids
Ls ids Lm idr
0.4
® (5)
°̄Iqs Ls iqs Lm iqr
0.3
Cp
0.2 The rotor flux can be expressed as:
0.1 °Idr
Lr idr Lm ids
® (6)
0 °̄Iqr Lr iqr Lm iqs
0 5 10 15 20 25
Tip speed ratio O
Where Rs, Rr, Ls and Lr are the resistances and inductance of
Fig. 3 The turbine Cp characteristic the stator and rotor winding, respectively. Lm is the mutual
inductance and Z is the rotor speed.
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World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
Vol:60 2011-12-29
vds , vqs , vdr , vqr , ids , iqs , idr , iqr , Ids , Iqs , Idr and Iqr are the direct The controller and feedback transfer functions can be
and quadrate component of the space phasors of the stator and equivalently written as
rotor voltage, current and flux respectively
The active and reactive powers at the stator are defined as: § 1 ·
G( s) K p ¨1 ¸ (11)
© Ti s ¹
° Ps vds ids vqs iqs
® (7)
°̄Qs vqs ids vds iqs The control systems based PI controller shown in Fig. 6 to
Fig. 8, the scheme of control system. That controlled at the
grid-side converter, the rotor-side converter and the pitch
The active and reactive powers at the rotor are defined as:
angle [15].
A. Rotor-Side Converter
Fig. 5 A typical PI controls structure The rotor side converter is used to control the wind turbine
output power and the voltage or reactive power measured at
the grid terminals. The power is controlled in order to follow a
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World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
Vol:60 2011-12-29
C. The pitch angle 2.8-23 m/s (cut in and cut out of the wind speed). Optimum
The pitch angle is kept constant at zero degree until the speed is at 12.5 m/s. The output power allows the assumption,
speed reaches the maximum point speed of the tracking that the active power correspond power setting about 2.5 MW
characteristic. Beyond this point the pitch angle is proportional as shown in Fig. 10(a). At the same time, the reactive power is
to the speed deviation from this point speed. For kept at 0 Mvar as shown in Fig. 10(b). The rotor speed
electromagnetic transients in power systems, the pitch angle maintained at about 1.2 pu. as shown in Fig.10(c). And pitch
control is less interest. The wind speed should be selected such angle is monitored (the pitch angle controlled working in about
that the rotational speed is less than this maximum point speed. GHJUHH E\ WKH ZLQG VSHHG DW PV LV RSWLPL]HG LW¶V
However, in this study, the two sets of average wind speed are proper characteristic for use in wind turbines is shown in Fig.
carried out for the simulation. The wind turbine model is using 10(d). Lastly, the active power, reactive power, rotor speed
Matlab/SimPowerSystems library [18]. The control system is and pitch angle in range between cut in and cut out of the wind
shown in Fig. 8. speed.
690 V/ 1.25 MW
Gear
box DFIG Grid system
690 V/ 22 kV 1 MW / 115 kV
Coupling Inductor 1.25 MW 50 Hz
Filter
10000 uF
Q=50
3~ Vdc =
= 3~
Rotor-Side Converter Grid-Side Converter
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World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
Vol:60 2011-12-29
2
2.8-6.3 m/s 10-12 m/s
1
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
Time (s)
(a) The output active power
1
Reactive Power Q(MVar)
10-23 m/s
0
-1
12.5 m/s
-2 2.8-6.3 m/s
International Science Index 60, 2011 waset.org/publications/11081
-3
-4
-5
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
Time (s)
1.4
1.2
2.8-6.3 m/s 10-12 m/s
1.1
1
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
Time (s)
(c) The rotor speed
5
20-23 m/s
4
13-15 m/s
Pitch (deg)
3 12.5 m/s
10-12 m/s
2
2.8-6.3 m/s
1
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
Time (s)
(d) The pitch angle
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World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
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VI. CONCLUSION [15] -LDELQJ +X <LNDQJ +H /LH ;X DQG %DUU\ : ³,PSURYHG &RQWURO RI
DFIG Systems During Network Unbalance Using PI±R Current
From the simulation result, The PI controller can be 5HJXODWRUV´,(((7UDQVFDWLRQRQ,QGXVWULDOHOHFWURQLFV9RO1R
performed to responding of the dynamic performance in DFIG February 2009, pp 439-451.
model (in rotor-side converter, grid-side converter and the
pitch angle of blade controlled), where the output power [16] 9 5DPDNULVKQDQ 6 . 6ULYDWVD ³3LWFK &RQWURO RI :LQG 7XUELQH
Generator by using New MechanLVP´-(OHFWULFDO6\VWHPV5HVHDUFKHU
(active power) correspond the power setting, the reactive Bharath University, India 600 073
power kept at 0 Mvar, the rotor speed still controlled about 1.2 [17] 7LQ/XX$GHO1DVLUL³2XWSXW3RZHU0D[LPL]LQJRID:LQG7XUELQHE\
pu and the pitch angle is controlled not over 2°, Then, the $GMXVWLQJ5RWRU6SHHG´,(((SS-1595.
[18] MATLAB SimPowerSystems User's Guide, Version 7.9.0.529(R2009b),
wind speed is optimized performance at 12.5 m/s. It can uses http://www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/toolbox/physmod/pow
the various size model for the study and monitoring such as the ersys/
intelligent or advances search strategy into the future.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This research was supported by Research and Development Theppitak Unchim, was born in Ubon
Institute Funds, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchathani Province, Thailand, in 1985. He
received his B. Eng. from Suranaree University of
Ratchasima, Thailand. Technology, Thailand, in Electrical Engineering in
2007. Theppitak is currently a student in M. Eng.
in School of Electrical Engineering, Suranaree
University of Technology, Thailand. His areas of
interest are electrical power system, stability,
control technology, advance alternative, and
REFERENCES sustainable energy.
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