Erstellungsdatum: 17.07.

2000
Letzte Änderung: 05.02.2002
File-Name: C:\DVS Merkblätter\2207\2207-25\e2207-25.fm

DVS – DEUTSCHER VERBAND Welding of Thermoplastics Directive D

Heated Tool Butt Welding DVS 2207-25
FÜR SCHWEISSEN UND V
VERWANDTE VERFAHREN E.V. Welding of Casements sections made from PVC-U (October 1989) S £

Contents: 3 General requirements

1 Range of application The sections to be joined together are to be conditioned of at

2 Terminology least 24 hours until the temperature reaches at last 15 °C over
3 General requirements the entire section.
4 Welding processes
5 Welding machines During this time, the sections should be stored in such a way that
no impermissible deformation takes place.
6 Preparing the machine
7 Preparing the components to be jointed The sections must be dry and their surfaces must be clean. In
8 Producing welded joints connection with this, it is advisable to open the packaging at the
9 After-treatment of welded joints front faces or, if necessary, to remove it completely. Any moisture
10 Testing welded joints which may be adhering to the sections must be removed by
11 Other standards and directives applying means of suitable measures (for example using an air jet).
12 Clarifications
The connecting surfaces of the sections to be welded must not
13 Appendix: Operating symbols for welding machines
Reprinting and copying, even in the form of excerpts, only with the consent of the publisher

be damaged and must be free from impurities (for example dirt,

14 Appendix: Guidelines on safety at work and accident pre-
vention
1 Range of application
These directives apply to the production of joints on extruded
sections, made from unplasticised polyvinyl. chloride (PVC-U1)),
for the manufacture of windows, doors, frames and other
structural elements, by heated tool butt welding, for example
casement sections made from PVC-U (predominantly PVC HI) in
accordance with RAL-RG 716/1.
The directives also apply to extruded sections made from PVC-U
with coated surfaces, where the coating may consist of other
thermoplastic plastics.
grease, swarf) and moisture (condensation of water vapour due
to variations in temperature).
The working area, and the welding area in particular, should be
protected against the effects of draughts, moisture and
impurities. Before the welding operation commences, the set-up
should be checked to make sure that it coincides with the pre-set
welding parameters. If necessary, some test pieces should be
welded and the results checked. Test corners welded may not
undershoot the minimum breaking loads laid down in the section
manufacturer's system description (see Section 10, 'Testing
Welded Joints').
Welding operations should be carried out by specialist personnel
who are familiar with the work and have adequate experience2).

4 Welding processes
2 Terminology
The welded joints made from extruded PVC-U sections covered
Matching Section 4 and Fig. 1 by these directives, are produced by means of heated tool butt
Matching time Fig. 1 welding. Welding machines, as per Section 5 of these directives,
Heating cycle Fig. 1 are to be used for this. The connecting surfaces of the sections to
Heating time Fig. 1 be welded are matched on the heated tool under pressure
Heating pressure Fig. 1 and Section 5.5.1 (matching) until their entire surfaces are in contact. This has
Working pressure Section 5.2. been achieved if a clearly visible bead has formed over the entire
Adjustment plates Section 5.2. periphery of the section.
Jointing Section 4 and Fig 1
Components to be jointed Section 7 Matching is completed by a stop or by control of the working table
Jointing path Section 4 and Fig 1 movement, and passes directly into the heating process. Here
Jointing time Section 4 and Fig 1 the connecting surfaces are heated to the welding temperature
Jointing pressure Section 4 and Fig 1 and a sufficiently deep molten layer is formed. The heating
Heated tool butt welding (HS) Sections 4 and 8 process is controlled on a time basis, and the pressure in the joint
Bead limitation Section 5.3. surface corresponding to Fig, 1 must be reduced to the heating
pressure, PAW. When the warning-up time is over, the sections
Burn-off Section 7
are released by the heated tool and the heated tool is removed
Gap width Section 5.3.
from the welding plane (repositioning).
Clamping pressure Section 5.2.
Repositioning Section 4 and Fig 1 Directly after this, the two welding surfaces of the section are
Repositioning time Section 4, Fig. 1 and joined under the jointing pressure (jointing). The jointing path is
Section 5.5.2. limited by a stop or by control of the working table movement.

1) The internationally used term PVC-U, standing for 'unplasticised polyvinyl chloride' corresponds to the term 'rigid PVC' formerly in use.
2) Training courses on machining plastic casement sections are provided by the Plastics Processing Institute at the Aachen University of Technology (tel.:
+49 241/80 38 12), and in the associated course workshops, and by the South German Plastics Centre in Würzburg (tel.: +94 931/4104-0).

This publication was prepared by a group of experienced specialists working together in an honorary capacity, and it is recommended that it should be respected as
an important source of knowledge. The user must at all times check the extent to which the contents apply to his or her special case and whether the version available
to him or her is still current. Any liability on the part of the German Welding Society and of those participating in the preparation of this document is excluded.

DVS, Technical Committee, Working Group W 4 "Plastics, Welding and Adhesive Bonding"
and Plastic Casement Section Quality Group of Plastics Products Quality Association

Orders to: DVS-Verlag GmbH, P. O. Box 10 19 65, 40010 Düsseldorf, Germany, Phone: + 49(0)211/1591- 0, Telefax: + 49(0)211/1591-150

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Page 2 to DVS 2207-25

The jointing time should be selected in such a way that the joint
weld is sufficiently cooled. The jointing pressure should be
selected in such a way that the stop is not reached until the
second half of the jointing time (0.3 to 0.7 N/mm²) and the fusion
viscosity of the material and the jointing surface of the section
should be taken into account. When the stop has been reached,
the jointing pressure in the jointing area is reduced. The jointing
pressure then decreases further as a result of the cooling
process. Fig. 1 gives a schematic outline of the individual stages
in the process.
b) It must. be possible to set. the clamping pressure, matching
pressure and jointing pressure separately and externally, and
the settings must be repeatable and easily read off
c) The control and display elements must be clearly indicated3)
d) Rapid clamping devices must be stable, adjustable and
replaceable
e) The clamping elements must open sufficiently widely for the
workpiece to be removed without difficulty
f) Clamping devices should be designed in such a way that
injury to the operators is avoided
g) The sequence of operations for the welding process must be
extensively mechanised, in order to guarantee good
reproduceability
h) It must not be possible to bring the heated tool into the
operating position unless the clamping table is in the initial
position
i) The welding slides must be guided without any play but so
that they move easily, in order to obtain good reproduceability
j) Unintentional activation of the operating process must be
prevented by a safety device
k) An interruption in the power supply must not trigger any
uncontrolled phenomena of movement
l) The exhaust air from the pneumatic valves must not be
directed onto the heated tool.

5.2 Removal of workpiece and clamping device

High standards are set for the surface quality of the components
to be welded. The seats and clamping devices must therefore be
designed in such a way that they
– fix the sections securely
– transmit the forces required for welding without damaging or
deforming the section surface
– avoid any impermissible mismatch in the weld.
The sections should be supported in the vicinity of the jointing
Figure 1. Sequence of operations for heated tool butt welding of zone, in such a way that deflection and deformation during
sections with jointing path limitation – path-time and pressure- warning-up and jointing are avoided. Depending on the type of
time diagrams (schematic). section in question, 'adjustment plates' are to be provided to
support the sections, so that the working pressures or clamping
sAG Matching path tF Jointing time pressures required for welding can be accepted by the sections
sF Jointing path tS Welding time (total) without any deformation. The clamping elements must exercise a
sS Welding path (overlength) PAG Matching pressure uniform pressure on the clamping surface, in order to clamp the
tAG Matching time PAW Warming-up pressure
section securely and without deformation.
tAW Warming-up time PF Jointing pressure
tU Repositioning time
5.3 Bead limitation
Should the thickness of the bead be limited by a heated device,
its temperature in the jointing area must be controllable to within
5 Welding machines
± 5 °C. (The usual temperatures for bead limitation lie in the
range between 45 and 50 °C.). The range of the limitation
Section welding machines are intended exclusively for stationary influences the strength of the welded joint. Reducing the gap
workshop operation. They must meet the safety regulations width reduces the strength.
applicable. They are used for welding sections, for example
window and door profiles, to frames, T-connections, double 5.4 Heated tool design
junctions or various angles can also be welded, depending on the
construction and equipment of the welding machines. The mounting brackets and guidance of the heated tool must be
designed in such a way that it can be matched to the joint
The welding machine must be set up in a dry area on a level surfaces or can be centred, and can easily be moved. The
load-bearing base support. It must also be in a place free from release and removal of the heated tool from the joint surfaces
draughts. after the heating process must take place as quickly as possible,
so that the permissible repositioning time of max. 2 s is not
5.1 Structure of machine and safety in use. exceeded. Special measures are usually adopted to make it
easier to release the heated tool from the plasticised joint
To meet the requirements for design and construction, the surfaces (for example PTFE covering).
following points should be. taken Into account in the structure of
the machine: 5.5 Control and adjustment for pressure. time and path
a) The structure must be stable and the table construction The control and adjustment of the welding machine must be
torsion-proof designed in such a way that the welding parameters are

3) See Appendix, Section 13: Operating Symbols for Welding Machines.

455

maintained, the strength and viscosity of the welds meet the
requirements, and the pre-set dimensions of the window are
maintained. Fig. 1 gives schematic diagrams for the pressure-
time progression and the path-time progression. It must be
possible to calibrate the control and adjustment equipment, and it
must be tested at regular intervals and readjusted if necessary.
5.5.1 Pressure control
The matching pressure, heating pressure and jointing pressure
must be separately adjustable. The heating pressure must be
close to 0 (see Fig. 1). Pressure gauges of accuracy class d 1.6,
as per DIN 16 005 and 16 063 must be provided for the matching
pressure and jointing pressure, and the graduation of scale used
must be 0.2 bar. The minimum and maximum machine pressure
which can be set, together with the effective piston surface of the
main cylinder, must be stated in the machine documents. The
pressure in the welding surface can be calculated from these
data and from the cross-section of the profile.
5.5.2 Time-control
The heating time and jointing time must be separately adjustable
in stages. The repeatability of the heating and jointing time must
be within an accuracy of r 0.5 s. The repositioning time is
specified by the equipment. It must not exceed 2 s and must be
repeatable within d 0,2 s.
5.5.3 Path control
Path control must ensure that the pre-set dimensions of the
window are maintained. In conjunction with the placing stop, the
matching path and the jointing path must display a repeatability
of d 0.1 mm.
5.6 Heated tool
– Heated tool with indirect heat release through a heat conductor
(DVS 2208, Part 1) –
The heat is transmitted from embedded electrical heaters to the
surface of the heated tool through a material which is a good
conductor and resistant to corrosion. Cast heated tools must be
free of shrinkholes.
5.6.1 Design
Heated tools must be suitable for the jointing surfaces in terms of
form and dimensions. If laminar heated tools are used on both
sides, they must be plane parallel within their useful areas.
Permissible deviations from plane parallelism are given in Table
1 and are based on room temperature.
Table 1. Plane parallelism of laminar heated tools.
Useful area cm² Permissible deviation mm
Plane paralellism Heated tool thickness
d 250 d 0.2 r 0.1
> 250 ... 400 d 0.4 r 0.15
> 400 d 0.5 r 0.2
The data in Table 2 apply to the permissible angular deflections
on V-form heated tools (Fig. 2).
Figure 2. Representation of angular deflection on V-form heated tools.
456
Page 3 to DVS 2207-25
Table 2. Permissible angular deflection on V-form heated tools.
Length of a side mm permissible deflection mm
l a
d 100 0.3
> 100 ... 150 0.4
> 150 ... 200 0.6
> 200 0.8
The useful area here is taken as being the part of the heated tool
in which the temperature and the amount of heat delivered can
be adjusted over the required range. The manufacturer must
display the dimensions of the useful area on the heated tool in
permanent form.
5.6.2 Surface finish
The surface finish of heated tools in the useful area must be such
as to avoid any plastic material residues remaining behind. It
must be possible to clean heated tools without damaging them.
Coatings or coverings, for example PTFE, are recommended to
make it easier to keep the surface clean and to reduce the
adhesion when the components being jointed are removed.
Coverings must remain in contact with the heated tool at the
welding temperature.
PTFE spray acts as a parting agent and must not be used
since it is removed from the heated tool along with the
jointed components and transferred into the weld!
Heated tools newly covered or newly coated with PTFE must be
heated for at least 0.5 hours to a temperature of 280 °C, when
first put into operation.
The roughness depth value, Rt, (the roughness class as per DIN/
ISO 1302 is given in brackets) is as follows, depending on the
version of heated tool used:
– With PTFE covering or coating, Rt d 16 Pm (17). Usual coating
depths are 30 to 50 Pm, and PTFE/fibreglass tissues in
thicknesses of 100 to 300 Pm.
The covering or coating material must withstand a temperature
stress of 300 °C for an hour without any significant change in its
anti-adhesive properties or its adhesive strength. In continuous
use the temperature should not exceed 270 °C.
5.6.3 Useful area of heated tool
The external dimensions of a heated tool should exceed the
length of the sides of the useful area by at least 5% all the way
round. The useful area AN is then obtained from the external
dimensions of the heated tool, aH and bH, for example as in Fig.
3:
AN = aN x bN in cm², where aN = 0. 9 aH, bN = 0.9 bH
Figure 3. Example for the position of the useful area.
The entire welding surface must lie within the useful area.
5.6.4 Minimum heated tool power
The minimum heated tool power is dependent on the conditions
of use and the type of model. The electrical power, based on the
heater area (aH, bH,), must be at least 2 W/cm².
Page 4 to DVS 2207-25

5.6.5 Minimum temperature range
The heated tool must be continuously adjustable over the
required temperature range within the useful area, at least
between 200 °C and 300 °C.
5.6.6 Temperature precision
The temperature precision should correspond to the welding
temperature differences listed in Table 3. These welding
temperature differences correspond to the temperature
variations:
a) over. the useful area
b) through the standard interval
c) on the two sides.
Table 3 shows the resulting maximum permissible total
temperature differences in the effective area. The effective area
is the surface within the periphery of the profile section.
Table 3. Maximum permissible temperature differences.
useful area area of temperature differences °C
cm² a b c total
d 150 4 2 2 6
> 150 ... 250 5 3 3 8
> 250 ... 400 7 3 3 10
> 400 9 3 3 12
These values are to be maintained after a build-up time of app.
30 min., at room temperature, in an environment protected from
draughts, in the working position, within the useful area and at a
reference temperature of 250 °C.
5.6.7 Temperature control
The temperature control must guarantee the characteristic
temperature values required under Sections 5.6.5 and 5.6.6.
From the initial contact of the jointed surfaces to repositioning,
the temperature must not fall by more than 4 °C. The heated tool
temperature must return to the nominal value during the jointing
time of the welded component.
An additional check on the heated tool surface temperature is
required. Suitable equipment for this consists of (for example)
rapid-indicating contacting electrical surface temperature gauges
with appropriate mass-impregnated and drained probes or
contactless radiation meters 4).
6 Preparation of machine
6.1 Visual assessment of function capability of welding machine
The functional capability of the welding machine is to be
evaluated before commissioning. The welding machine and the
leads must be in a condition allowing for a satisfactory sequence
of operations. The machine's service units must be inspected
and maintained at the intervals laid down by the machine
manufacturer.
The condition of the heated tool surface is of special importance.
In the welding area, the surface coating of the heated tool must
be clean, free from faults and free of damage (for example,
pimples, cracks, etc,). No residues must be present. A stretched
PTFE/fibreglass tissue must be in uniform contact with the
heated tool at the welding temperature.
When a new PTFE/fibreglass tissue has been fitted, the heated
tool should be operated for 0,5 hours at 280 °C, in order to
harden the surface. The first three welded joints produced using
this new PTFE/ fibreglass tissue are of inferior strength and
should therefore not be used.
6.2 Setting welding parameters
The welding parameters laid down for the section to be welded –
working pressures, temperatures, times and bead limitations –
are to be set or checked. The heated tool temperature in the
useful area should be measured using a suitable gauge (see
Section 5.6.7). The average standard interval should not deviate
from the nominal value by more than the amounts listed in Table
3.
6.3 Commissioning the welding machine
Good welded joints can not be obtained unless the welding
machine has reached a constant operating condition. It takes
about 0.5 hours to achieve this because of the heating of the
heated tool and the clamping devices. The welding machine must
therefore be switched on at least 0.5 hours before production
starts.
6.4 Functional testing
Before production starts, and after any long interruptions, a
functional test is to be carried out. At least one welded joint is to
be produced for this. Apart from the maintaining of the welding
parameters, special attention is to be paid to satisfactory
clamping of the section and the regular formation of the bead.
7 Preparation of components for jointing
The profile sections which are intended to weld should be
checked with regard to their geometric form and usability before
being cut to size. In the case of main profiles special attention
should be paid to mismatch and to the flatness of the surfaces
which are visible after jointing.
The burn-off – the difference between the component cut to size
for jointing in the unwelded condition and the finished size in the
welded condition – is to be taken into account when cutting to
size takes place. It comes about in connection with the formation
of a bead of plasticised material during matching, heating and
jointing. (The burn-off was also previously known as the
'consumption'.)
The cutting equipment used (preferably circular saws) must be
manufactured in such a way that the jointing surfaces do not
deviate from the nominal values by more than 0.5 mm.
Deviation includes
– angular deflection
– flatness
– roughness of jointing surface.
The cutting tools must be manufactured in such a way that the
jointing surfaces can be produced without difficulty and without
impermissible heating, Swarf which impedes the jointing process
should be removed (for example by suction or blow-off).
The jointing surfaces must be kept free from damage and
impurities (for example dust, grease, hand sweat, protective foil,
etc.). Moreover, the components cut to size for jointing are to be
stored in a constant climate.
8 Production of welded joints
– Place the jointing components to be welded, cut askew (on the
median) to size, into the machine.
– Press the sections against the stops and the adjustment plates
unless this part of the work has been taken over by the
machine.
– Hold the jointing components in this position and release the
clamping devices.
– Activate the welding process.
– The welding of the jointing components is carried out by the
welding machine automatically in accordance with the welding
parameters to which the welding machine is set.
– The welding process is completed when the clamping device
opens.

4) 
Information can be obtained from the Casement Sections Quality Group, 2, Dyroffstraße, 5300 Bonn 1, W.Germany (tel 02 28/22 35 7M.).

457
 Page 5 to DVS 2207-25

– Do not release the welded jointing components from the The maximum force values for corner welds depend on the
clamping devices and remove them from the machine until the profile geometry and the test rig. The maximum corner weld
welded joints have cooled down sufficiently. values measured, F, must not be less than the calculated limiting
values for the breaking force, Fsoll. Fsoll is calculated as follows,
– Since the weld has not yet cooled completely, as little stress as
with a failure stress of V = 35 N/mm²:
possible must be put on the joint.
F soll 2 ˜ W ˜ V

a
 ± e
9 After-treatment of welded joints 2 2
The welding bead should be taken off as soon as possible, once V F ˜ h

enough cooling has taken place, so as to avoid any impairment of 2W
the weld strength and appearance. Accelerated cooling, for l
example using compressed air, is not permissible and can lead to W 
e
stress cracking.
a e
 ± 
Welding beads should be removed manually or mechanically h
2 2
using suitable means. The process can have a significant
influence on the strength of the welded joint.
Some examples of factors which can reduce the strength are:
– notches in inside corner
– grooves in the visible surfaces
– streaking of surfaces.
Using polishing and cleansing agents which dissolve PVC is not
permissible, as can lead to stress cracks and discolouration.
Consult the profile manufacturer's instructions for the after-
treatment of welded joints Involving co-extruded surfaces, coated
surfaces, or surfaces laminated with foil.

10 Testing welded joints

The welded joints are tested using corner samples of (90 ± 1)° or Figure 5. 5HSUHVHQWDWLRQRISDUDPHWHUVIRUFDOFXODWLRQRI)VROO.
T-connections from which one side of the continuous section is
out off. The welding bead should not be removed. In this context is:
The sides of the corner under test are cut to length, at an angle of F Maximum force
(45 ± 1)°, in such a way that the neutral fibres (approximately at Fsoll Breaking force limiting value
the centre of the main chamber of the section) lie above the axis I Axial angular impulse
of rotation of the test chassis. W Section modulus in direction of stress (inside corner)
The side lengths on the internal sides (Li) can be derived from the V Failure stress (see DIN 16 830, Part 2 (at present draft)
lengths of the neutral fibres (Ln = 283 mm), minus twice the a Distance between axes of rotation; a = (400 ± 2) mm
distance of the section's internal sides from the neutral fibre (e): e Distance between critical fibre and neutral fibre
Li therefore equals 283 mm – 2e. Ln Length of neutral fibre; Ln = 283 mm.
Li Side length on internal side; Li = 283 mm – 2 ŧ e
For corners from sections with articulated asymmetrical external
h Lever arm
sides, the pressure stamp is to be adjusted to impose a uniform
stress on the profile section of the form of the external section
flank at the point of the corner (using adjustment plates as well,
for example).

Figure 4. Test rig with movable supporting (a = 400 mm).

In a suitable test rig, as in Fig. 4, which has movable supporting

chassis which can rotate around the transverse axis, the corners
are deformed in a pressure test, with a testing speed of (50 ± 5)
mm/min at room temperature (18 to 28 °C) without jolting, until Figure 6. Example of a minimum failure curve Fsoll as a function of the
they break, and the maximum forces arising are measured. section modulus with e = 40 mm and V = 35 N/mm2.

458
Page 6 to DVS 2207-25

11 Standards and directives also applying

Start
DIN 1910, Welding; welding plastics, processes
Part 3
DIN 7728, Plastics; Code letters and abbreviations for
Release, normal position
Part 1 polymers and their special properties
DIN 16 005 Excess pressure gauges with flexible error detector
for general use, requirements and testing Setting up
DIN 16 063 Excess pressure gauges with bourdon tube,
housing diameters 40, 50 and 63 mm, precision
class 1.6, 2.5 and 4.0 – dimensions and Indicating Clamping off
ranges
DIN 16 830, Draft Casement sections made from polyvinyl
Part 1 chloride of high impact strength (PVC-HI) – Test Clamping, clamping pressure
process
DIN 16 830, Draft Casement sections made from polyvinyl
Part 2 chloride of high impact strength (PVC-HI) – Brake
Requirements
DIN 32 502 Faults in welded joints made from plastics;
classification, terms, clarifications Matching pressure
DVS 2206 Testing of structural elements and structures made
from thermoplastic plastics
Heating-up time
DVS 2208, Machines and equipment for welding thermoplastic
Part 1 plastics – Heated tool welding
RAL-RG Plastic windows, quality assessment. (Quality and Jointing pressure
716/1 test regulations for plastic windows)
VDE 0100 Regulations for the erection of power plants with
rated voltages of up to 1,000 Volts Jointing time
VDE 0105, Regulations for the operation of power plants –
Part 1 General regulations
Check machine settings (weld strength risk)
VDE 0250 Regulations for insulated power lines
VDE 0551 Regulations for safety transformers
VDE 0612 Regulations for power distribution on building sites Temperature monitoring on
for rated voltages of up to 380 Volts AC and
currents of up to 630 A
VDE 0720 Regulations for electrical heating units for domestic Heated tool
use and similar purposes (apply by analogy)

Heated tool cleaning

12 Clarifications

These directives were drawn up by the GWEA/PCSQG Joint

Working Party. This consists of members of GWEA Working
Party W4, representatives of the Plastic Casement Section
Quality Group, and representatives of manufacturers of welding
machines for casement sections. The directives are intended to
allow window producers to optimise welded joints in window
manufacture and to keep them constant, and thus to ensure
welded joints of uniform quality.
The results of long years of practical experience from the
manufacturers of profile sections and welding machines have
gone into these directives, together with the most recent
developments in machine technology. Special attention has been
paid to the results of the research projects 'Welding PVC
casement sections' and 'Welding corner joints on PVC casement
sections' of the South German Plastics Centre in Würzburg.
13 Appendix: Operating symbols for welding machines
On
Off
Placing, preparation
14 Appendix: Guidelines on safety at work and accident
prevention
The 'Law on Technical Means of Operation' (Equipment Safety
Law) of 24th June, 1968 lays down that technical. means of
operation may be brought into use only if they correspond to the
generally recognised rules of the art, as well as to the guidelines
on safety at work and accident prevention.
Consequently, the generally accepted rules of the art, for
example the relevant VDE guidelines, together with the
guidelines on safety at work and accident prevention, are to be
respected during the construction of plastic welding machines.
14.1 Electrical equipment
The following guidelines, in particular, apply as regards to the
construction and operation of welding equipment:
VDE 0100 Regulations for the erection of power plants with
rated voltages of up to 1,000 V
VDE 0105 Regulations for the operation of power plants –
Part 1 General regulations
VDE 0250 Regulations for insulated power lines
VDE 0551 Regulations for safety transformers
VDE 0612 Regulations for power distribution on building rites
for rated voltages of up to 380 V AC and for
currents, of up to 630 A

459
 Page 7 to DVS 2207-25

VDE 0720 Regulations for electrical heating units for domestic

use and similar purposes (apply by analogy)

14.2 Constructions and handling

General guidelines on safety at work and accident prevention
should be respected in the manufacture, handling and
maintenance of welding machines. Particular attention should be
paid to the chapter on 'Welding Machines and Welding
Equipment' in the guidelines of the Chemical Industry
Professional Trade Association on machines for processing and
converting plastics.

460