BY AMOGH KRISHNA GANGRADE – RTR(A) INSTRUCTOR - 9594608466

NOTAMS – NOTICE TO AIRMEN

GENERATED BY NOTAM OFFICES – DISTRIBUTED BY MEANS OF TELECOMMUNICATION

INTERNATIONAL NOTAM OFFICES ARE IN DELHI, CHENNAI, KOL, AND MUMBAI FOR INTERNATIONAL
DISTRIBUTIONS

WHEN IS A NOTAM GENERATED –

ANYTHING NEW ESTABLISHED /REMOVED/ HAZARD OR NOT WORKING ETC NEEDS A NOTAM SO
THAT AIRMEN KNOW BEFORE OPERATING WHAT IS GOING ON SO THAT THEY CAN MAKE FLIGHT
PLANS ACCORDINGLY AND OPERATE KEEPING IMPORTANT NOTAMS IN MIND.

GENERATED IN 5 SERIESE BASED ON DURATION AND AD TYPE –

 SERIES A – INFORMATION LIKELY TO LAST MORE THAN 2 HRS – INTERNATIONL AD –

INTERNATIONAL DISTIBUTION
 B – MORE THAN 30 MINS LESS THAN 2 HRS – INTERNATIONAL AD – INTERNATIONL
DISTRIBUTION – ONLY ADJACENT FIRS ONLY
 C – DOMESTIC AIRPORTS – ONLY NATIONAL DISTRIBUTION
 D – DEFENSE ADS UTILISED BY CIVIL TYPE ADS – CONCERNED FLIGHTS ARE GIVEN NOTAMS
 G – SIGNIFICANT CHANGES – LONG LASTING TYPE – ONLY ISSUED BY INOF DELHI –
DISTRIBUTED TO ALL THE RECEIPIENTS OF ALL THE 4 INOFS

NOTAM TYPE - - ----

N C R S
NEW CANCEL PREVIOUS REPLACE PREVIOUS HAZARD IN THE
INFORMATION NOTAM NOTAM MOVEMENT AREA

NOTAM NUMBERING – NUMBERS BETWEEN 0 – 999 ARE USED STATING WITH A ALPHABET
REPRESNTING SERIES –

EXAMPLE – A 0143/20 – (20 REPRESENT THE YEAR IN WHICH NOTAM WAS GENERATED)

NOTAM CODE – 5 ALPHABETS – STARTS WITH Q – NEXT TWO APLHA BETS TELLS THE FACILITY
WHICH IS AFECTED AND – LAST TWO ALPHABETS REPRESENTS STATUS OF THE FACILTY

EXAMPLE – QNDAU - - ND FOR DME (FACILITY) – AU (UNAVAILABLE)

IT IS NOT POSSIBLE YOU REMEMBER CODES OF NOTAMS THATS WHY ONE SHOULD REFER DOC 8400
THAT IS ABBREVIATIONS AND CODES. – REFER PAGE NO. 200 IN PART 2 BOOKLET FOR DETAILS
EXPLANATION OF NOTAMS WITH EXAMPLE.

AIP – AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION PUBLICATION IS A PUBLICATION WHICH CONTAINS

INFORMATION OF LASTING CHARACTER ESSENTIAL FOR AIR NAVIGATION. (IMPORTANT DEFINITION
FOR PART 1 AND 2)

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 BY AMOGH KRISHNA GANGRADE – RTR(A) INSTRUCTOR - 9594608466

IT IS BASICALLY NAVIGATIONS DATA OF A COUNTRY – ALL CONUTRIES PUBLISH IT –(by aai)

IT CANTAINS ALL INFORMATION ABOUT ALL AERONAUTICAL THINGS IN A COUNTRY THAT’S WHY –
CALLED NAV DATA

IT HAS 3 PARTS – CAN BE FOUND ONLINE AS EAIP –

1 GENERAL 2 ENROUTE 3 ADS (MUGG UP EXAMPLES OF EACH 3) PAGE NO. 202 OF
PART 2 BOOKLET)
AIP AMENDMENTS – PERMANENT CHANGES IN AIP – CHECKLIST – APRIL – PINK COLOUR
AIP SUPPLEMENTS – TEMPRORY CHANGES IN AIP –OF MORE THAN 3 MONTHS OR CHANGES
WHICH ARE LESS THAN THREE MONTHS BUT HAVE LOT OF EXTENSIVE PAPERWORK AND TEXT
CHECKLIST EVERY MONTH ) – YELLOW COLOUR
A CHANGE OF VERY SMALL NATURE IS CALLED JUST NOTAM

AIRAC – AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION REGULATION AND CONTROL

AIP IS NAVIGATIONAL DATA WHICH IS PRESENT RIGHT NOW – WHEN CHANGES COME IN IT
THEY HAVE TO BE UPDATED IN THE AIRCRAFTS AND USER MANUALS – IF WE ASK A AIRLINE
TO UPDATE ALL AIRCRAFTS WITH THE AMANDMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTS IN A VERY SHORT
DURATION IT WILL BE IMPOSSIBLE FOR THEM SINCE AIRCRAFTS ARE PARKED AT DIFFERENT
ADS AND MANUALS ARE TOO. AND THEN IF NAV DATA IS NOT UPDATED AIRCRAFT IS
GROUNDED.
THEREFORE ICAO CAME UP WITH THE IDEA OF A CYCLE CALLED – AIRAC – SO THAT ALL
AIRCRAFTS IN AIR HAVE THE SAME DATA AT THE SAME TIME AND THE OPERATOR GETS
ENOUGH TIME TO UPDATE ITS AIRCRAFTS NAV DATA.

IT’S A 42 DAY CYCLE – THREE MAIN DATES ARE INVOLVED –

PUBLISHING DATE LAST DATE TO TAKE THE IMPLMENTATION DATE

RAW MATERIAL
INFORMATION AVAILABLE WITHIN NEXT 14 DAYS – THE DATE BEFORE WHICH
AT ATS OFFICE OPERATOR SHOULD TAKE IT AIRCRAFT SHOULD BE
FOR UPDATING UPDATED
1ST JAN 14TH JAN (2400) 11TH FEB (2400)

FOR EVERY MONTH UPDATES THE CYCLE IS ISSUED IN AT THE END OF PREVIOUS YEAR
HAVING ALL THREE DATES ALREADY MENTIONED AND IT’S THE RESPONSIBILITY O OPERATOR
OR OWNER TO KEEP FOLLOWING THE CYCLE ON THESE DATES AND KEEP UPDATING THE
AIRCRAFTS.

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 BY AMOGH KRISHNA GANGRADE – RTR(A) INSTRUCTOR - 9594608466

IF AIRCRAFT IS NOT UPDATED ON TIME IT IS GROUNDED TILL UPDATE IS DONE

EVERY MOTHS THE AIP SUPPLEMENT DATA IS UPDATED AND IN THE MONTH OF APRIL
AMENDMENTS TOO ARE INCLUDED IN IT – DONE BY CD OR FLOPPY AD PER THE AIRCRAFT BY
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGRS UNDER THE WORK ORDER OF OPERATOR.

AIC - AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION CIRCULARS –

THESE ARE INFORMATION RELATED TO LEGISLATIVE MATTERS AND OTHER INFORMATION
WHICH DO NOT QUALIFY FOR NOTAM OR AIP. ( CHINDI)

EXAMPLE – EXAM DATES – MEDICAL CIRCULAR, COVID GUIDELINES , SAMSUNG GALAXY

NOTE 7 , POWER BANK CAN NOT BE CARRIED IN CHECHK IN LUGGAGE , INFORMATION
COMING FROM INCIDENT AND ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS BY DGCA –
AICS ARE BY DGCA – REMEMBER THE TRICK – (C -C)

SELCAL -
BEFORE UNDERSTANDING SELCAL YOU SHOULD BE CLEAR ABOUT SQUELCH –

SQUELCH - IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS, SQUELCH IS A CIRCUIT FUNCTION THAT ACTS TO SUPPRESS THE AUDIO (OR VIDEO) OUTPUT OF
A RECEIVER IN THE ABSENCE OF A SUFFICIENTLY STRONG DESIRED INPUT SIGNAL. SQUELCH IS WIDELY USED IN TWO-WAY RADIOS TO
SUPPRESS THE ANNOYING SOUND OF CHANNEL NOISE WHEN THE RADIO IS NOT RECEIVING A TRANSMISSION.

SELECTIVE CALLING AND SQUELCH –

SELECTIVE CALLING (SELCAL) SYSTEM PERMITS SELECTIVE CALLING OF INDIVIDUAL AIRCRAFT OVER THE AERONAUTICAL
MOBILE VOICE CHANNELS. IT CAN BE USED ON HIGH FREQUENCY (HF) OR VERY HIGH FREQUENCY (VHF) CHANNELS AND IS
DESIGNED TO RELIEVE FLIGHT CREWS FROM THE NEED TO CONTINUOUSLY MAINTAIN A LISTENING WATCH ON THEIR ASSIGNED
RADIO CHANNELS. THIS GENERATES A NUMBER OF BENEFITS INCLUDING REDUCED FLIGHT CREW WORKLOAD AND COCKPIT
NOISE BOTH OF WHICH CAN HAVE A NEGATIVE EFFECT ON PILOT PERFORMANCE.

IN ORDER TO UNIQUELY IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL AIRCRAFT USING THE SELCAL SYSTEM, SELCAL CODES WERE ASSIGNED TO EACH AIRCRAFT.
SELCAL CODE ASSIGNMENTS WERE COORDINATED WORLDWIDE, ON BEHALF OF INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO).
SELCAL CODE ASSIGNMENT LIST WAS FURNISHED TO ICAO AS A REPORT AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE THE FOLLOWING CALENDAR YEAR.

ASRI (AVIATION SPECTRUM RESOURCES INC ), IS NOW RESPONSIBLE FOR ADMINISTERING SELCAL CODES, MAINTAINING THE DATABASE,
AND PROVIDING PERIODIC REPORTS ON THE STATUS OF THE SELCAL SYSTEM TO ICAO.

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FUNCTIONING -

THE SELECTIVE CALLING SYSTEM KNOWN AS SELCAL IS A SIGNALLING METHOD USED TO ALERT AN INDIVIDUAL AIRCRAFT THAT
A GROUND STATION WISHES TO COMMUNICATE WITH THE AIRCRAFT. SELCAL SIGNALS ARE CAPABLE OF BEING TRANSMITTED ON
EN-ROUTE FREQUENCIES WITH EXISTING HF OR VHF GROUND-TO-AIR COMMUNICATION TRANSMITTERS AND RECEIVERS. A
SELCAL TRANSMISSION CONSISTS OF A COMBINATION OF FOUR PRE-SELECTED AUDIO TONES WHOSE TRANSMISSION REQUIRES
APPROXIMATELY TWO SECONDS. THE NORMAL FUNCTIONING OF THE GROUND-TO-AIR COMMUNICATIONS LINK SHOULD BE
UNAFFECTED, EXCEPT AT SUCH TIME AS THE SELECTIVE CALLING FUNCTION IS BEING PERFORMED.

COMPONENTS – THE ELEMENTS COMPRISING THE OVERALL SYSTEM ARE THE FOLLOWING:

- GROUND SELCAL TONE GENERATOR AND CONTROL PANEL

- GROUND-TO-AIR TRANSMITTER, HF OR VHF

- AIRBORNE RECEIVER, HF OR VHF

- AIRBORNE SELCAL DECODER UNIT

- AIRCRAFT SELCAL SIGNAL INDICATORS

ON GETTING THE INDICATION YOU KNOW SOMEONE IS CALLING YOU BUT YOU DO NOT KNOW THE CALL SIGN OF THE STATION
CALLING YOU

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PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

WITH THE SELECTIVE CALLING SYSTEM, THE NORMAL VOICE CALLING METHOD IS REPLACED WITH THE TRANSMISSION OF CODED
TONES TO THE AIRCRAFT OVER THE VOICE COMMUNICATIONS CHANNEL. IT IS CRITICAL TO REMEMBER THAT BOTH THE GROUND
STATION AND THE AIRCRAFT NEED TO BE OPERATING ON THE SAME HF OR VHF FREQUENCY FOR THE SYSTEM TO OPERATE
PROPERLY.

THE TYPE OF SIGNAL INDICATOR CAN BE CHOSEN TO SUIT OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE USER AND MAY CONSIST OF A
LAMP, A BELL, A CHIME OR ANY COMBINATION OF SUCH INDICATING DEVICES. ON AIRCRAFT EQUIPPED WITH SELCAL THE FLIGHT
CREW HAS THE CAPABILITY TO ALSO MAINTAIN A CONVENTIONAL LISTENING WATCH, USING HEADSETS OR COCKPIT SPEAKER.

SELCAL SYSTEM MONITORS THE FREQUENCY EVEN IN SQUELCH MUTE MODE (WHEN PILOT CAN HEAR NOTHING AND HENCE WHEN THE
TWO CODE AUDIO TONES ARE RECEIVED AND THE TONES MATCH THE SELCAL CODE OF AIRCRAFT, THE SYSTEM AUTOMATICALLY LIFTS THE
MUTE AND INDICATION COMES IN THE COCKPIT THAT A GROUND STATION IS TRYING TO CALL YOUR AIRCRAFT SELECTIVELY THEREFORE
CALLED SELCAL.) – SINCE U DON’T KNOW WHO IS CALLING ITS RT IS INITIATED SAYING – STATION CALLING , VT-AKG , GO AHEAD OVER

THE FOUR TONES REQUIRED FOR A SINGLE SELCAL CODE ASSIGNMENT ARE SELECTED FROM A TOTAL OF SIXTEEN TONES
AVAILABLE IN THE GROUND STATION SELCAL INSTALLATION. FOR CONVENIENT REFERENCE, THE SIXTEEN TONES ARE
DESIGNATED BY LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET (“A” THROUGH “S”; WITH “I”, “N”, AND “O” OMITTED). TONES “P”, “Q”, “R”, AND
“S” WERE THE FOUR TONES THAT WERE ADDED TO THE EXITING 12 TONES IN 1985.

EACH SELCAL EQUIPPED AIRCRAFT IS ASSIGNED A PERMANENT FOUR-LETTER CODE. THE CODE IS PLACARDED IN THE COCKPIT
OF EACH SELCAL EQUIPPED AIRCRAFT. SEE TABLE 2-1 FOR TONES BEING USED IN THE SELCAL SYSTEM.

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DESIGNATION FREQUENCY (HZ) DESIGNATION FREQUENCY (HZ)

RED A 312.6 RED J 716.1

RED B 346.7 RED K 794.3

RED C 384.6 RED L 881.0

RED D 426.6 RED M 977.2

RED E 473.2 RED P 1083.9

RED F 524.8 RED Q 1202.3

RED G 582.1 RED R 1333.5

RED H 645.7 RED S 1479.1

TABLE 2-1 SELCAL TONES

TONE CODES ARE MADE UP OF THE VARIOUS COMBINATIONS OF THE TONES AS SEEN IN TABLE 2-1 AND ARE DESIGNATED BY
LETTERS. AN EXAMPLE OF A SELCAL CODE WOULD BE AC-BD. THE FIRST LETTER OF EACH PAIR MUST BE EARLIER IN THE
ALPHABET THAT THE SECOND LETTER AND DUPLICATE LETTERS ARE NOT PERMITTED.

PROBLEMS OF SELCAL –

- NUMBER OF SELCAL USERS INCREASING AND CODES AVAILABLE ARE LIMITED (10,960)
TO OVERCOME THIS PROBLEM SIMILAR CODES ARE BEING APPOINTED TO DIFFERENT AIRCRAFTS WHICH DO NOT OPERATED ON
SAME FREQUENCY (BY SUFFICIENT GEOGRAPHICAL SEPAERATION)…BUT NOT A VERY SUCCESFUL SOLUTION SINCE AIRCRAFTS
WITH WORLDWIDE CODE ASSIGNMENTS WILL OCCASIONALLY OPERATE SIMULTANEOUSLY IN THE SAME AIRSPACE AND HF CAN
HAVE FREAKY COVERAGES

QNH - QFE - QNE – ( TRANSITION LEVEL – TRANSITION ALTITUDE – TRANSITION LAYER )

TRANSITION MEANS - THE PROCESS OR A PERIOD OF CHANGING FROM ONE STATE OR CONDITION TO ANOTHER

TRANSITION ALTITUDE MEANS THE ALTITUDE AT WHICH YOUR PRESSURE SETTING NEEDS TO BE CHANGED FROM QNH TO QNE
WHILE CLIMBING AFTER DEPARTURE SO THAT EVERY PILOT ABOVE THAT ALTITUDE USES SAME PRESSURE SETTING .BELOW
TRANSITION ALTITUDE ALL AIRCRAFTS USE QNH. SO IT IS THE HIGHEST ALTITUDE SINCE ABOVE THIS IT WILL BECOME FL USING
QNE AS REFERENCE.

TRANSITION LEVEL – CONSIDER YOU ARE COMING TO LAND AT AN AIRFIELD THEN YOU WILL BE HAVING QNE AS YOUR
PRESSURE SETTING, TILL A PARTICULAR VERTICAL DISTANCE AND THEN SWITCH TO LOCAL QNH TO OBTAIN TERRAIN
CLEARANCE. THE LEVEL AT WHICH YOU CHANGE YOUR PRESSURE SETTING FROM QNE TO QNH/QFE (LOCAL PRESSURE) IS
CALLED TRANSITION LEVEL. THEREFORE TRANSITION LEVEL IS THE LOWEST USABLE FLIGHT LEVEL FOR IFR FLIGHTS. TRANSITION
LAYER IS GAP BETWEEN TANSITIONN ALTITUDE AND TRANSITION LEVEL. NOT USIED FOR CRUISE.

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 THE INFORMATION ABOUT TRANSITION LEVEL AND TRANSITION ALTITUDE CAN BE PRESENT IN APPROACH AND
DEPARTURE CHRTS REPECTIVELY.
 THEY MAY BE INCLUDED IN ATIS / CAN BE OBTAINED OR INFORMED BY ATC
 A PILOT WHILE CLIMBING SHOULD CHANGE FROM QNH TO QNE WHILE PASSING TRANSITION ALTITUDE EVEN IF ATC
DOESN’T ADVICE.
 WHILE DESCEND WHILE PASSING TRANSITION LEVEL A PILOT SHOULD CHANGE FROM QNE TO QNH WITHOUT ATC
ADVICE. THIS MEANS THESE TRANSITIONS OF PRESSURE SETTINGS ARE MANDATORY.
 NEVER STABLISE A CRUISE IN THE TRANSITION LAYER. THEREFORE TRANSITION ALTITUDE IS THE HIGHEST ALTITUDE
(USING QNH) AND TRANSITION LEVEL IS LOWEST FLIGHT LEVEL FOR CRUISE.

ELT (EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTER AND SAR – SEARCH AND RESCUE –

EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTER (ELT) IS A COMPACT, SELF CONTAINED RADIO TRANSMITTER CARRIED ON BOARD
AIRPLANES TO FACILITATE ACCURATE LOCATION AND TIMELY RESCUE OPERATION IN EVENT OF ANY DISTRESS SITUATION.
COSPAS-SARSAT IS A WORLDWIDE SAR (SEARCH AND RESCUE) SYSTEM.

THE NUMBER OF MEMBER STATES OF THE ORGANIZATION HAS GROWN TO 42 AS ON FEBRUARY 2010. COSPAS-SARSAT
CONCEPT. COSPAS (RUSSIAN WORDS MEANING - SPACE SYSTEM FOR THE SEARCH OF VESSELS IN DISTRESS) AND SARSAT
(ACRONYM FOR SEARCH AND RESCUE SATELLITE-AIDED TRACKING) IS AN INTERNATIONAL SATELLITE BASED SEARCH AND
RESCUE SYSTEM AVAILABLE DAY AND NIGHT THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. RAPID DETECTION AND LOCATION OF A DOWNED
AEROPLANE (USING ELT), IS MADE POSSIBLE THROUGH ORBITING SATELLITES OF THIS SYSTEM. THE COMPLETE SYSTEM
COMPRISES.

 SIX LEOSAR (LOW-ATTITUDE EARTH ORBIT) SATELLITES

 FIVE GEOSAR (GEO-SYNCHRONOUS) SATELLITES

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 MORE THAN 9,00,000 DISTRESS BEACONS OPERATING ON 406 MHZ. PROCESSING OF OLD ANALOGUE TECHNOLOGY
BEACONS THAT TRANSMIT ON 121.5 MHZ AND 243 MHZ WAS ENDED IN FEBRUARY 2009.

ON ACTIVATION OF AN EMERGENCY BEACON IN EVENT OF GRAVE AND IMMINENT DANGER TO LIVES AT RISK, THE ALERT
SIGNALS ARE RECEIVED BY THE SATELLITES. A DISTRESS IS PINPOINTED IN LESS THAN SIX HOURS IN WORST CONDITIONS
AND UPDATED, IF REQUIRED, EVERY TWO HOURS. THE LUTS WORLDWIDE AUTOMATICALLY RECEIVE THE RETRANSMITTED
SIGNALS FROM THE SATELLITES. THEN THE ALERTS ARE ROUTED TO A MISSION CONTROL CENTRE (MCC) IN THE COUNTRY
THAT OPERATES THE LUT.

AFTER THE VALIDATION PROCESS FROM 406 MHZ BEACONS, THE ALERTS ARE RELAYED TO ANOTHER MCC OR TO
APPROPRIATE RESCUE CO-ORDINATION CENTRE (RCC). ACTUAL SEARCH AND RESCUE IN MOST STATES IS CARRIED OUT BY
DESIGNATED CIVIL AND MILITARY RESOURCES ALLOCATED FOR THE PURPOSE. ( THE SAR SERVICE IN INDIA IS ORGANIZED BY
THE AIRPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA IN COLLABORATION WITH THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE. THE AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY
EXTENDS OVER ENTIRE INDIAN TERRITORY AS WELL AS AIRSPACE OVER HIGH SEAS ENCOMPASSING FIRS OF CHENNAI,
KOLKATA AND MUMBAI. IN ADDITION TO THE ARMED FORCES ALONG WITH INDIAN COAST GUARD, ALL OTHER CENTRAL
AND STATE GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS, DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION, CIVIL ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR RESOURCES MAY
BE USED FOR THE SAR PURPOSES.

TRANMITTER BEACON

ELT USED FOR AERONAUTICAL APPLICATIONS IS CERTIFIED TO WITHSTAND IMPACT AND CRASH, RESISTANCE TO FLAME, G
SHOCKS (100 TO 500 G) WATER TIGHTNESS AND EXTREME TEMPERATURE RANGES (-20° TO 55° FOR MORE THAN 48 HOURS).
WEIGHING AROUND TWO KG, THE TRANSMITTER CAN BE ACTIVATED EITHER AUTOMATICALLY WHEN A CRASH OCCURS OR
MANUALLY BY SWITCH ON THE TRANSMITTER OR ON A REMOTE PANEL IN THE COCKPIT. THE TRANSMITTER MAY BE
DESIGNED TO TRANSMIT ON ALL THE THREE DISTRESS FREQUENCIES (121.5 MHZ, 243 MHZ AND 406 MHZ) OR THE OLD TYPES
MAY BE UPGRADED TO 406 MHZ TRANSMISSIONS.

BASIC EMERGENCY FREQUENCIES OF 121.5 AND 243 MHZ ARE BEING USED FOR HOMING IN THE FINAL STAGES OF THE
RESCUE ONLY.

ONCE ACTIVATED, A DIGITAL MESSAGE IS TRANSMITTED ON 406 MHZ EVERY 50 SECS ONLY FOR THE FIRST 24 HOURS OF
OPERATION. THIS IS TO PRESERVE THE BATTERY LIFE AS THIS TRANSMISSION IS AT HIGHER POWER. THE MESSAGE MAY
EITHER BE IDENTIFICATION OR MAY ALSO INCLUDE THE AIRPLANE’S POSITION IF INTERFACED WITH ON BOARD NAVIGATION
EQUIPMENT.

CONTINUOUS OPERATION ON 121.5 AND 243 MHZ AT LOW POWER IS MAINTAINED THROUGHOUT AFTER THE ACTIVATION.

REMOTE CONTROL PANEL. A PANEL IN THE COCKPIT WITH THE FOLLOWING CONTROLS TO MONITOR THE STATUS AND
CONTROL THE ELT BY THE PILOTS IS AVAILABLE.

 THREE POSITION SWITCH- ON, ARMED, RESET & TEST

 RED OR AMBER VISUAL INDICATOR

WORKING MODES AND OPERATION OFF.

AS IN THIS POSITION NO PART OF THE UNIT IS ENERGIZED, THIS MODE MUST ONLY BE SELECTED FOR MAINTENANCE
PURPOSE, REMOVAL OR DURING A LONG TIME PARKING.

ARM. THIS MODE IS MANDATORY DURING FLIGHT TO ENABLE AUTOMATIC ACTIVATION BY G SWITCH OR MANUAL
OPERATION AT REMOTE CONTROL PANEL. BOTH, THE PANEL AND G-SWITCH, ARE ENERGIZED ONLY WHEN SELECTION IS ON
ARMED POSITION AT ELT.

SELF TEST. TO BE USED AS TEMPORARY MODE FOR MAXIMUM FIVE SECONDS FOR DETAILED TESTING PURPOSES. THE CHECK
SHALL ONLY BE CONDUCTED DURING THE FIRST FIVE MINUTES OF ANY UTC (CO-ORDINATED UNIVERSAL TIME) HOUR, AND
RESTRICTED TO NOT MORE THAN FIVE SECONDS. THE ATC SHOULD BE ALSO NOTIFIED. THE TEST, WHICH IS RECORDED
SHOULD BE PERIODICALLY CARRIED OUT, ONCE A MONTH BY PILOT OR MAINTENANCE CREW AT THE REMOTE PANEL AND
NOT MORE THAN ONCE A WEEK FOR SAKE OF CONSERVING THE BATTERY LIFE.

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REGISTRATION AND PROGRAMMING. THE PROTOCOL INCLUDES

 SERIALIZED NUMBER
 AIRCRAFT 24 BIT ADDRESS (SAME AS MODE S OF ATC TRANSPONDER)
 OPERATOR’S DESIGNATOR
 NATIONALITY AND REGISTRATION MARKING UP TO 7 CHARACTERS.

THE OPERATION MAY BE CARRIED OUT BY MANUFACTURES/ PROGRAMMING TEST EQUIPMENT / OR ON BOARD AND TAKES
JUST TWO MINUTES. INTERNATIONAL BEACON REGISTRATION DATABASE (IBRD) IS BEING MAINTAINED FOR PROPER
OPERATION OF 406 MHZ BEACONS. OWNERS ARE EXPECTED TO REGISTER WITH APPROPRIATE NATIONAL AUTHORITY OR
WITH COSPOS-SARSAT ORGANIZATION .

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CLASSIFICATION OF AIRSPACE –

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IN INDIA – ONLY CLASS D, E, F, G ARE PRESENT AND CLASS C HAS BEEN FRESHLY INTRODUCED IN
DELHI AIRSPACE.

DIAGRM BELOW -

COURSE / HEADING /TRACK/ RADIAL/QDR/QDM

Heading. The direction in which the longitudinal axis of an aircraft is pointed,

usually expressed in degrees from North (true, magnetic, compass or grid).

Track. The projection on the earth’s surface of the path of an aircraft, the
direction of which path at any point is usually expressed in degrees from North
(true, magnetic or grid).

Radial. A magnetic bearing extending from a VOR.

Bearing. The horizontal direction to or from any point, usually measured

clockwise from true north, magnetic north, or some other reference point
through 360 degrees. – BASICALLY ANY ANGLE IS CALLED BEARING

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COURSE IS THE DESGNATED TRACK TO BE FOLLOWED FROM POINT A TO B – WHEN GETS PUBLISHED IS
CALLED A ROUTE WITH A NAME LIKE (W112). – BASICALLY THE LINE WHICH SHOULD BE FOLLOWED IS
COURSE

THE LINE BEING FOLLOWED IS TRACK

ON THAT LINE WHERE IS YOUR NOSE (LONGITUDINAL AXIS) IS POINTING IS HEADING

AND THE ANGLE (BEARING) FROM THE STATION IS CALLED RADIAL (QDR)

AND 180* OPPOSITE OF QDR IS QDM ( BEARING TO THE STATION) – THINK IT THIS WAY IF YOU ARE AT
180* FROM A STATION U RECEIVE RADIAL 180 , AND TO REACH THE STATION YOU SHOUD GO NORTH
THAT IS HEADING 360, THAT’S QDM

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