Blood

1. Along with normal hemoglobin types there can be pathological ones in the organism of an
adult. Name one of them:

A. HbS
B. HbF
C. HbAi
D. HbA2
E. Hb02

2. 10 minutes after the beginning of heavy physical work a person demonstrates increase of
erythrocyte number in blood from 4, 0 • 10 12/l to 4, 5 • 1012/l. What is the cause of this
phenomenon?

A. Erythrocytes exit from depot

B. Suppression of erythrocyte destruction
C. Erythropoiesis activation
D. Increase of cardiac output
E. Water loss

3. Blood group of a 30-year-old man has been determined before a surgery. The blood was
Rhesus-positive. Agglutination did not occur with standard 0 (I), A (II), and B (III) serums. The
blood belongs to the following group:

A. 0 (I)
B. A (II)
C. B (III)
D. AB (IV)
E. –

4. Cellular composition of exudate largely depends on the etiological factor of

inflammation. What leukocytes are the first to be involved in the focus of inflammation caused
by pyogenic bacteria?

A. Neutrophil granulocytes
B. Monocytes
C. Myelocytes
D. Eosinophilic granulocytes
E. Basophils

5. After implantation of a cardiac valve a young man systematically takes indirect

anticoagulants. His state was complicated by hemorrhage. What substance content has
decreased in blood?

A. Prothrombin
B. Haptoglobin
C. Heparin
D. Creatin
E. Ceruloplasmin
1. A woman with the III (B), Rh- blood group gave birth to a child with the II (A) blood
group. The child is diagnosed with hemolytic disease of newborn caused by rhesus
incompatibility. What blood group and Rh can the father have?
A. II (A), Rh+
B. I (0), Rh+
C. III (B), Rh+
D. I (0), Rh-
E. II (A), Rh-

2. A patient is diagnosed with hereditary coagulopathy that is characterised by factor VIII

deficiency. Specify the phase of blood clotting during which coagulation will be disrupted in the
given case:

A. Thromboplastin formation
B. Thrombin formation
C. Fibrin formation
D. Clot retraction

3. During determining the blood group according to the AB0 system with salt solutions of
monoclonal antibodies agglutination did not occur with any of the solutions. What blood group
is it?

A. 0 (I)
B. A (II)
C. B (III)
D. AB (IV)
E. -

4. A patient, who has been suffering for a long time from intestine disbacteriosis, has
increased hemorrhaging caused by disruption of posttranslational modification of blood-
coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X in the liver. What vitamin deficiency is the cause of this
condition?
A. K
B. B 12
C. B9
D. C
E. P

5. A 3-year-old child has eaten some strawberries. Soon he developed a rash and itching.
What was found in the child’s leukogram?

A. Eosinophilia
B. Hypolymphemia
C. Neutrophilic leukocytosis
D. Monocytosis
E. Lymphocytosis

1. A 3-year-old boy with pronounced hemorrhagic syndrome doesn’t have antihemophilic

globulin A (factor VIII) in the blood plasma. Hemostasis has been impaired at the following
stage:

A. Internal mechanism of prothrombinase activation

B. External mechanism of prothrombinase activation
C. Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
D. Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
E. Blood clot retraction

2. On the fifth day after the acute blood loss a patient has been diagnosed with hypochromic
anemia. What is the main mechanism of hypochromia development?
A. Release of immature red blood cells from the bone marrow
B. Impaired iron absorption in the intestines
C. Increased destruction of red blood cells in the spleen
D. Impaired globin synthesis
E. Increased excretion of body iron

67. A pregnant woman underwent AB0 blood typing. Red blood cells were agglutinated with
standard sera of the I and II blood groups, and were not agglutinated with the III group serum.
What is the patient’s blood group?

A. B(III)
B. 0(I)
C. A(II)
D. AB(IV)
E. -

68. The cellular composition of exudate largely depends on the etiological factor of
inflammation. What leukocytes are the first to get into the focus of inflammation caused by
pyogenic bacteria?
A. Neutrophil granulocytes
B. Monocytes
C. Myelocytes
D. Eosinophilic granulocytes
E. Basophils

69. A 46-year-old female is scheduled for a maxillofacial surgery. It is known that the patient
is prone to high blood coagulation. What natural anticoagulant can be used to prevent blood
clotting?

A. Heparin
B. Hirudin
C. Sodium citrate
D. Fibrinolysin
E. None of the above-listed substances

70. In a car accident a man got injured and lost a lot of blood. What changes in peripheral
blood are most likely to occur on the 2nd day after the injury?

A. Erythropenia
B. Hypochromia
C. Anisocytosis
D. Microplania
E. Significant reticulocytosis

170. A 3-year-old child had eaten some strawberries. Soon he developed a rash and itching.
What was found in the child’s leukogram?
A. Eosinophilia
B. Hypolymphemia
C. Neutrophilic leukocytosis
D. Monocytosis
Lymphocytosis

1. A 3-year-old boy with pronounced hemorrhagic syndrome has no antihemophilic

globulin A (factor VIII) in the blood plasma. Hemostasis has been impaired at the
following stage:

A. Internal mechanism of prothrombinase activation

B. External mechanism of prothrombinase activation
C. Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
D. Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
E. Blood clot retraction
2. To lose some weight a woman has been limiting the amount of products in her diet. 3
months later she developed edemas and her diuresis increased. What dietary component
deficiency is the cause of this?

A. Proteins
B. Fats
C. Carbohydrates
D. Vitamins
E. Minerals

3. A woman with the III (B), Rh (-) blood group gave birth to a child with the II (A) blood
group. The child is diagnosed with hemolytic disease of newborn caused by rhesus
incompatibility. What blood group and Rh are likely in the father?

A. II (A), Rh (+)
B. I (0), Rh (+)
C. III (B), Rh (+)
D. I (0), Rh (-)
E. II (A), Rh (-)

4. Blood test of an athlete shows the following: erythrocytes - 5,5 • 10 12/l, hemoglobin - 180
g/l, leukocytes - 7 • 109/l, neutrophils - 64%, basophils - 0,5%, eosinophils - 0,5%, monocytes -
8%, lymphocytes - 27%. These values primarily indicate the stimulation of:

A. Erythropoiesis
B. Leukopoiesis
C. Lymphopoiesis
D. Granulocytopoiesis
E. Immunogenesis

5. A patient with pneumonia has body temperature of 39,2oC. What cells are the main
producers of endogenous pyrogen that had caused such temperature rise?

A. Monocytes
B. Eosinophils
C. Neutrophils
D. Endotheliocytes
E. Fibroblasts
6. Determining a patient’s blood group with monoclonal test-reagents revealed positive
agglutination reaction to anti-A and anti-B reagents, and negative reaction to anti-D. What
blood group does this patient have?

A. IV (AB) Rh (-)
B. II (A) Rh (+)
C. III (B) Rh (-)
D. IV (AB) Rh (+)
E. I (0) Rh (+)

7. A patient visited a dentist to extract a tooth. After the tooth had been extracted, bleeding
from the tooth socket continued for 15 minutes. Anamnesis states that the patient suffers from
active chronic hepatitis. What phenomenon can extend the time of hemorrhage?

A. Decrease of fibrinogen content in blood

B. Thrombocytopenia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Increased activity of anticoagulation system
E. Decrease of albumine content in blood

8. To stop the bleeding the patient was prescribed a direct coagulant. During introduction of
the solution the patient was complaining of pain along the vein, hot sensation, and palpitations.
Name the drug that causes such symptoms:

A. Calcium chloride
B. Hirudine
C. Ergocalciferol
D. Pentoxyl
E. Streptokinase

1. After a tourniquet application a patient was found to have petechial haemorrhages. The
reason for it is the dysfunction of the following cells:
A. Platelets
B. Eosinophils
C. Monocytes
D. Lymphocytes
E. Neutrophils

41. After implantation of a cardiac valve a young man constantly takes indirect anticoagulants.
His state was complicated by hemorrhage. What substance content has decreased in blood?

A. Prothrombin
B. Haptoglobin
C. Heparin
D. Creatin
E. Ceruloplasmin

103. Before a surgery a blood sample of a 30-year-old man has been typed. Blood is Rh-
positive. Standard serums of such groups as 0 aP (I), Ap (II), Ba (III) didn’t activate erythrocyte
agglutination reaction. The group of the analyzed blood is:

A. 0 ap (I)
B. Ap (II)
C. Ba (III)
D. AB (IV)
E. -

104. A tooth extraction in a patient with chronic persistent hepatitis was complicated with
prolonged hemorrhage. What is the reason for the haemorrhagic syndrome?

A. Decrease in thrombin production

B. Increase in thromboplastin production
C. Decrease in fibrin production
D. Increase in fibrinogen synthesis
E. Fibrinolysis intensification

F. Blood group of a 30 year old man was specified before an operation. His blood is Rh-
positive. Reaction of erythrocyte agglutination was absent with standard sera of 0αβ (I),
Аβ (II), Вα (III) groups. The blood under examination is of the following group:
G. 0αβ (I)
H. Аβ (II)
I. Вα (III)
J. АВ (IV)
K. -

1. Examination of a pregnant woman revealed twice as much concentration of fibrinogen in

blood plasm. What ESR can this woman have?

A. 40-50 mm/h
B. 10-15 mm/h
C. 2-12 mm/h
D. 5-10 mm/h
0-5 mm/h
2. A female patient underwent liver transplantation. 1,5 month after it her condition became
worse because of reaction of transplant rejection. What factor of immune system plays the
leading part in this reaction?

A. T-killers
B. Interleukin-1
C. Natural killers
D. B-lymphocytes
E. T-helpers

3. A 15 year old girl has pale skin, glossitis, gingivitis. Blood count: erythrocytes - 3, 3cot
12
10 /l, hemoglobin - 70 g/l, colour index - 0,5. Examination of blood smear revealed
hypochromia, microcytosis, poi- kilocytosis. What type of anemia is it?

A. Iron-deficient
B. B12-folic acid-deficient
C. Sickle-cell
D. Hemolytic
E. Thalassemia

1. An electronic microphotograph shows a macrophagic cell with erythrocytes at different

stages of differentiation located along its processes. This is the cell of the following organ:

A. Red bone marrow

B. Thymus
C. Spleen
D. Tonsil
E. Lymph node

68. In patients with the biliary tract obstruction the blood coagulation is inhibited; the patients
have frequent haemorrhages caused by the subnormal assimilation of the following vitamin:

A. K
B. A
C. D
D. E
E. C

69. After a surgery a 36-year-old woman was given an intravenous injection of concentrated
albumin solution. This has induced intensified water movement in the following direction:

A. From the intercellular fluid to the capillaries

B. From the intercellular fluid to the cells
C. From the cells to the intercellular fluid
D. From the capillaries to the intercellular fluid
E. No changes of water movement will be observed

70. After a disease a 16-year-old boy is presenting with decreased function of protein
synthesis in the liver as a result of vitamin K deficiency. This may cause disorder of:

A. Blood coagulation
B. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
C. Anticoagulant production
D. Erythropoietin production
Osmotic blood pressure

71. A patient suffers from the haemorrhagic syndrome that shows itself in frequent nasal
bleedings, posttraumatic and spontaneous intracutaneous and intra-articular haemorrhages.
After a laboratory study a patient was diagnosed with the type B haemophilia. This disease is
provoked by the deficit of the following factor of blood coagulation:

A. IX
B. VIII
C. XI
D. V
E. VII

72. It was established that agglutination of the recipient’s blood erythrocytes had been caused
by the standard sera from the I and II groups. Serum from the III group as well as anti-Rh
serum hadn‘t provoke any agglutination. Which blood group and rhesus is allowed to be
transfused this recipient?
A. Bα(III) Rh-
B. Aβ(II) Rh-
C. 0αβ (I) Rh+
D. AB (IV), Rh+
E. AB (IV), Rh-

1. Blood minute volume of a 30 year old woman at rest is 5 l/m. What blood volume is
pumped through the pulmonary vessels per minute?

A. 5l
B. 3,75 l
C. 2,5 l
D. 2,0 l
E. 1,5 l

2. As a result of posttranslative modifications some proteins taking part in blood

coagulation, particularly prothrombin, become capable of calcium binding. The following
vitamin takes part in this process:

A. K
B. C
C. A
D. Bi
E. B2

3. Two hours after an exam a student had a blood count done and it was revealed that he
had leukocytosis without significant leukogram modifications. What is the most probable
mechanism of leukocytosis development?

A. Redistribution of leukocytes in the organism

B. Leukopoiesis intensification
C. Deceleration of leukocyte lysis
D. Deceleration of leukocyte migration to the tissues
E. Leukopoiesis intensification and deceleration of leukocyte lysis

4. A pregnant woman had her blood group identified. Reaction of erythrocyte agglutination
with standard serums of 0aβ (I), Bα (III) groups didn’t proceed with standard serum of Aβ (II)
group. The blood group under examination is:

A. Aβ (II)
B. 0αβ (I)
C. Bα (III)
D. AB (IV)
E. -

119. A 16 year old boy after an illness has diminished function of protein synthesis in liver as a
result of vitamin K deficiency. It will cause disturbance of:

A. Blood coagulation
B. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
C. Anticoagulant generation
D. Erythropoietin secretion
E. Osmotic blood pressure

1. A hypertensive glucose solution was introduced to a patient. It will intensify water

movement:

A. From the cells to the intercellular liquid

B. From the intercellular liquid to the capillaries
C. From the intercellular liquid to the cells
D. From the capillaries to the intercellular liquid
E. There will be no changes of water movement

2. Long-term starvation cure of a patient resulted in diminished ratio of albumines and

globulines in plasma. What of the following will be result of these changes?
A. Increase of ESR
B. Decrease of ESR
C. Increase of hematocrit
D. Decrease of hematocrit
E. Hypercoagulation

11. In the blood of a 26-year-old man 18% of erythrocytes of the spherical, ballshaped, flat and
spinous shape have been revealed. Other eritrocytes were in form of the concavo-concave disks.
How is this phenomenon called?
A. Physiological poikilocytosis
B. Pathological poikilocytosis
C. Physiological anisocytosis
D. Pathological anisocytosis
E. Erytrocytosis

12. Patients with bile ducts obstruction suffer from inhibition of blood coagulation, bleedings
as a result of low level of vitamin assimilation. What vitamin is in deficiency?

A. K
B. A
C. D
D. E
E. Carotene

13. A 16-year-old boy was performed an appendectomy. He has been hospitalized for right
lower quadrant abdominal pain within 18 hours. The surgical specimen is edematous and
erythematous. Infiltration by what of the following cells is the most typical for the process
occuring here?
A. Neutrophils
B. Eosinophils
C. Basophils
D. Limphocytes
E. Monocytes

14. A patient with tissue trauma was taken a blood sample for the determination of blood
clotting parameters. Specify the right sequence of extrinsic pathway activation:

A. III - VIIa - Xa
B. III - IV - Xa
C. IV - VIII: TF - Xa
D. IV - VIIa - Xa
E. III - VIII: TF - Xa

15. Blood sampling for the haematology is recommended to carry out on an empty stomach
and in the morning. What changes in blood formula are possible if blood sampling was carried
out after food intake?

A. Increase of leukocyte number

B. Increase of erythrocyte number
C. Increase of plasm proteins
D. Decrease of thrombocyte number
E. Decrease of erythrocyte number

16. Donor skin transplantation was performed to a patient with extensive burns. On the 8-th
day the graft became swollen and changed colour; on the 11-th day graft rejection started. What
cells take part in this process?

A. T-lymphocytes
B. Erythrocytes
C. Basophils
D. Eosinophils
E. B-lymphocytes

1. A denaturation of proteins can be found in some substances. Specify the substance that is used for the
incomplete denaturation of hemoglobin:

A. Urea
B. Toluene
C. Sulfuric acid
D. Nitric acid
E. Sodium hydroxide

2. Punctata hemorrhage was found out in the patient after application of a tourniquet. With
disfunction of what blood cells is it connected?

A. Platelets
B. Eosinophiles
C. Monocytes
D. Lymphocytes
E. Neutrophiles

3. A 16-year-old boy was performed an appendectomy. He has been hospitalized for right lower
quadrant abdominal pain within 18 hours. The surgical specimen is edematous and erythematous.
Infiltration by what of the following cells is the most typical for the process occuring here?

A. Neutrophils
B. Eosinophils
C. Basophils
D. Limphocytes
E. Monocytes

4. The concentration of albumins in human blood sample is lower than normal. This leads to edema
of tissues. What blood function is damaged?

A. Maintaining the oncotic blood pressure

B. Maintaining the Ph level
C. Maintaining the body temperature
D. Maintaining the blood sedimentation system
E. All answers are correct

5. If strong oxidizers get into the bloodstream, a methemoglobin is formed. It is a compound, where
iron (II) becomes iron (III). What has to be done to save the patient?

A. Interchangeable hemotransfusion has to be done

B. Patient has to be exposed to the fresh air
C. He has to be calmed down and put to bed
D. He has to be given pure oxygen
E. Respiratory centers have to be stimulated