Practical Research

Lesson 2.1

Qualitative and
Quantitative Research
Prepared by:
Joselito Grande Jr.
 Qualitative VS Quantitative
Qualitative research is Quantitative research gathers
empirical research where the data in numerical form which
data are not in the form of can be put into categories, or
numbers. in rank order, or measured in
Interpretive and naturalistic units of measurement.
approach to its subject It aims to establish general
matter. laws of behavior and
phenomenon across different
settings/contexts.
numbers.
 Purpose
Quantitative research Qualitative research
• to explain and • to describe and
predict explain
• to test, confirm, • to explore and
and validate theory interpret
• to build theory
 Process
Quantitative research Qualitative research
• focused • holistic approach
• deals with known • unknown variables
variables • flexible guidelines
• uses established • “emergent” design;
guidelines context-bound;
• static designs; context- • subjective
free; objective
 Findings
Quantitative research Qualitative research
• Numerical data • Narrative description
• Statistics • Words, quotes
• Formal and scientific • Personal voice; literary
style
 Quali or Quanti
Surviving Surveillance: How
Pregnant Women and Mothers
Living With HIV Respond to
Medical and Social Surveillance
 Quali or Quanti
Development of a Ultra Low-Cost
Integrated Audiometer and
Hearing Aid
 Quali or Quanti
Socialization, Indifference, and
Convenience: Exploring the Uptake
of Influenza Vaccine Among
Medical Students and Early Career
Doctors
 Quali or Quanti
Myth, Manners, and Medical Ritual:
Defensive Medicine and the Fetish
of Antibiotics
 Quali or Quanti
Can I See It If I Cannot Hear It?
Real-Time Visualization of
Incoming Sound for People with
Hearing Disabilities or Ear
Obstruction
 Quali or Quanti
Knitters in a Day Center: The
Significance of Social Participation
for People With Mild to Moderate
Dementia
 Quali or Quanti
The Effect of Carbon on Iron Nickel
Bimetallic Nanoparticle
Degradation of Orange G
 Quali or Quanti
A Discourse Analysis: One
Caregiver's Voice in End-Of-Life
Care
 Quali or Quanti
An Investigation of Optimal Rural
Building Designs for All
Earthquake Zones of Turkey
Practical Research
Lesson 2.3

Qualitative
Research Designs
Prepared by:
Joselito Grande Jr.
 Phenomenological
• Examines human experiences through descriptions provided by
the people involved.
• The goal is to describe the meaning that experiences hold for
each subject.
• Respondents are asked to describe their experiences as they
perceive them
• The use of bracketing
 Phenomenological
• Examines human experiences through descriptions provided by
the people involved.
• The goal is to describe the meaning that experiences hold for
each subject.
• Respondents are asked to describe their experiences as they
perceive them
 Phenomenological
Example:
Daly (2005) studied the lived experiences of mothers of suicidal
adolescents. She contented that, unfortunately, the mother’s
experience is often the hidden dimension in the family.
Unstructured interviews were conducted with 6 mothers living
with suicidal adolescents. Six themes were identified: failure as a
good mother, the ultimate rejection, feeling alone in the struggle,
helplessness and powerlessness in the struggle, cautious
parenting, and keeping an emotional distance.
 Ethnography
The term means “portrait of a people” and it is a methodology for
descriptive studies of cultures and peoples. The cultural
parameter is that the people under investigation have something
in common.

Examples of parameters include:

· geographical - a particular region or country
· religious
· social / familial
· shared experience
 Ethnography
The term means “portrait of a people” and it is a methodology for
descriptive studies of cultures and peoples. The cultural
parameter is that the people under investigation have something
in common.

Examples of parameters include:

· geographical - a particular region or country
· religious
· social / familial
· shared experience
 Ethnography
• Researchers interview people who are most knowledgeable
about the culture.
• Data are collected through observation and interviews.

Example:
Gence-Cleveland (2004) examined the features , critical attributes, processes, and
benefits of school-based support groups for adolescents with an addicted parent.
Ethnographic methods were used to gather date. Participant observation were
conducted weekly over one semester. Interviews were conducted with program
administrators, school administrators, facilitators, and participants . School-based
support group participation was found to enhance self-knowledge and led to self-care
and self-healing.
 Grounded Theory
• A study in which data are collected and analyzed and then a
theory is developed that is grounded in the data.
• An excellent method for understanding processes an individual
undergoes (e.g. a patient learning to manage a new chronic
health problem).
 Grounded Theory
Example
The grounded theory qualitative method was used by Williams and Irurita
(2005) to study the personal control and emotional comfort of hospitalized
patients. Interviews were conducted with 40 patients, and 75 hours of field
observations were conducted. The basic psychological process identified by
the researchers was labeled “optimizing personal control to facilitate
emotional comfort.” Personal control referred to the ability of patients to
influence their environment; emotional comfort was defined as a state of
relaxation that affected the physical status of the patient. Personal control
was found to be a central feature of emotional comfort.
 Historical Studies
• Concern the identification, location, evaluation, and synthesis of
data from the past.
• Historical research seeks not only to discover the events of the
past but to relate these past happenings to the present and to
the future.
• This study uses historical data as sources and are frequently
referred to as primary and secondary sources.
• The data for historical research should be subjected to two
types of evaluation.
 Case Studies
• Involves in-depth examination of people or groups of people.
• Data may be collected in case studies through various means
such as questionnaires, interviews, observations, or written
accounts by the subjects.
 Case Studies
A case study approach was used to study the roles of perioperative nurses
in Ireland (McGarvey,Chambers, & Boore, 2004). Data were collected in
three different hospitals during 358 hours of observation and from 35
nurses during 34 hours of interviews. Nurses used a range of coping
mechanisms to manage the dissonance they felt between what was
considered to be ideal and what could realistically be done in the operating
department. Nursing behavior was “administratively modeled by the
nursing hierarchy and negatively reinforced by the medical profession”
(McGarvey et al., 2004, p. 1119).
Gumiran, Dayrit and Ramirez
1. Political activism and social media aggression among students during
modern-day Philippine elections
2. Social media and its impacts to teenagers' mental health amidst
COVID-19 pandemic
3. Mendicants’ Perceptions on Urban Migration: A phenomenological
study of Badjao settlers in Metro Manila
Azarcon, Bonoan
1. Strategic Asset Allocation Beyond Stocks and Bonds
2. Does the introduction of novel emerging market currencies
destabilize of novel emerging market
3. Money and Modernity: State and Local Currencies in the Philippines
Dagala, Saura, Caluya
1. A qualitative analysis of factors affecting math-related anxiety
among senior high school students

2. “How college students’ hesitation in inquiring to their teachers lead

them to doubt their own credibility especially during the online
setup”
Gulle, Caraos, Alvarez
1. Effects of the pandemic on people's thought process/more
pragmatic less on mental health
2. Popular genre of anime amongst teens and their relationship
with common beliefs
3. Identifying the genre of music that can help a student be
productive