 MACARAIG, JANINE MAE

 MACALALAD, MARIA ABEGAIL

 MACATANGAY, MARIA LOURDES

DRUGS AFFECTING GI SYSTEM

DRUG Generic Name INDICATION MECHANISM ADVERSE EFFECTS CONTRAINDICATION NURSING
CLASSIFICATIO OF ACTION S CONSIDERATIO
N N
Antiemetic Ondasentron Nausea & vomiting Blocks action of  Blurred vision Ondansetron tablets extrapyramidal
Brand name: Zofran serotonin 5-  Dizziness are contraindicated in symptoms,
HT3  Headache patients: nausea and
in vagus nerve vomiting.
and periphery. known to have
hypersensitivity (e.g., Monitor liver
More effective anaphylaxis) to function tests.
for cancer Ondansetron or any of
chemotherapy, the components of the Administration -
radiation, or formulation. administer slowly
surgically over 2-5 minutes
induced receiving concomitant - Fatal QT
nausea. apomorphine due to prolongation,
the risk of profound vtach, respiratory
Less effective hypotension and loss arrest with rapid
for motion of consciousness administration.
related nausea
Patient education
report symptoms
to provider
Metoclopramid Nausea & vomiting - Acts through Sensitivity or Report
 sedation
e both intolerance to immediately the
 extrapyramid metoclopramide; onset of
Brand name: Reglan dopaminergic
al reactions allergy to sulfiting restlessness,
and
(involuntary agents; history of involuntary
serotonergic
movements, seizure disorders; movements,
receptors
muscle tone concurrent use of facial grimacing,
changes, and drugs that can cause rigidity, or
1. D2
abnormal extrapyramidal tremors.
ANTAGONISM
 symptoms; Extrapyramidal
posture)
2. 5HT4 pheochromocytoma; symptoms are
 restlessness
AGONISM most likely to
occur in children,
3. 5HT3 young
ANTAGONISM
GIT upset relieves spasm Buscopan Tablets 1. Pain score-
Hyoscine  Tachycardia
by relaxing should not be assess for
Butylbromide
 dizziness administered to effectiveness
brand name: Buscopan smooth
patients with 2. If pt is febrile-
muscles within  dry mouth
myasthenia gravis, withhold other
the abdomen  constipation megacolon and narrow medications if
angle glaucoma. possible
 blurred vision
3. Monitor for
signs of shock &
anaphylaxis is
4. Enquire pt
about BM's and
assess BM's for
blood
5. If pt becomes
disoriented/excite
d raise bed rails
as a precaution
Laxatives Acute and chronic It increases the cramps, intestinal or hypersensitivity, Assess patient for
Psyllium
constipation, irritable bulk in your esophageal abdominal pain, abdominal
brand name:
bowel syndrome, stool, an effect obstruction, nausea nausea, and vomiting distention,
Metamucil
diverticulosis that helps to or vomiting (especially with fever), presence of
cause serious adhesion, bowel sounds,
movement of dysphagia and usual pattern
the intestines. It of bowel function.
also works by
increasing the
amount of
water in the
stool, making
the stool softer
and easier to
pass
 treatment of a stimulant Electrolyte Fecal impaction,
bisacodyl Assess
constipation laxative which imbalance, fluid intestinal/biliary
Brand name: Dulcolax history of
stimulates imbalance, metabolic obstruction, GI bleed,
sensory nerve acidosis, metabolic abdominal pain, constipation,
endings of the alkalosis, nausea and vomiting
colon to hypocalcemia causes, diet,
produce inactivity,
parasympatheti
c reflexes, encourage
resulting in fluid intake.
peristalsis. Geriatric
Concerns-laxative
abuse

commonly used in osmotic agent abdominal bloating, hypersensitivity to any assess client for
MiraLax
the treatment of that causes cramping, flatulence, component, bowel abdominal
Brand name:
occasional retention of nausea, diarrhea obstruction distention
Polyethylene glycol
constipation water in the presence of
stool resulting bowel sounds &
in a softer stool usual pattern of
and more bowel function
frequent bowel
movements assess color,
consistency, &
amount of stool
produced
Docusate prevention of Promotes mild cramps hypersensitivity; Assess for
Sodium constipation (in pts incorporation of abdominal pain; abdominal
who should avoid water into stool, nausea or vomiting distention,
Brand name: straining, such as resulting in a presence of
Colace after MI or rectal softer fecal bowel sounds
surgery) mass. May also and usual pattern
promote of bowel
electrolyte and functions. Assess
water secretion color,
into the colon. consistency, and
Therapeutic amount of stool
Effects: produced
Softening and
passage of
 stool.
Treatment of Nausea, vomiting, Patients who require a Assess patient for
Lactulose A non-
constipation (difficult diarrhoea (high low lactose diet; with abdominal
Brand name: absorbable
y pooing) doses), flatulence, galactosemia or distention,
disaccharide.
Generlac abdominal cramps, disaccharide presence of
It produces
pain, or distension deficiency; with bowel sounds,
osmosis of
intestinal obstruction. and normal
water -
pattern of bowel
Diarrhea
function.
It reduces pH
of colonic
content and
therby prevents
absorption of
NH3.

It converts
NH3- NH4 that
can be
excreted