Presented by

Dr. Amrita Sinha

Topics to be covered
Ø Rotor EMF
Ø Rotor Current and Power Factor at standstill
Ø Rotor Current and Power Factor at any slip
Ø Power transferred to Rotor
Ø Torque developed in Rotor
Ø Output & efficiency
Ø Power flow diagram of Induction Motor
 Rotor EMF
The induced EMF in stator windings for supply frequency f1 is given by,
=1 = 2 @ A1 BC1 D1 E
Where, N1 = stator series turns per phase
kw1 = stator winding factor
E = resultant average air-gap flux per pole
Similarly,
The induced EMF in rotor at standstill is given by
=2 = 2 @ A1 BC2 D2 E
Where, N2 = rotor series turns per phase
kw2 = rotor winding factor
The EMF or voltage ratio for the induction machine can be given by

MN PQN RN RST RUT

= = ⇒ =2 = =1
MO PQO RO RUT RST
Where, N1’ = effective number of stator series turns per phase
N2’ = effective number of rotor series turns per phase
 Rotor EMF
The induced EMF in rotor at any speed NR is given by
92 = 2 < =>1 @A2 B2 C
Where, s = slip of the rotor
N2 = rotor series turns per phase
kw2 = rotor winding factor
The EMF or voltage ratio for the induction machine at any slip is given by
KL NOL PL PRS PTS
= QN = QPS ⇒ 92 = = PS 91
KM OM PM T R

Where, N1’ = effective number of stator series turns per phase

N2’ = effective number of rotor series turns per phase
Rotor induced EMF at any slip = s times the rotor induced EMF at standstill
 Rotor Current & Power Factor at standstill
Resistance per phase of rotor = R2
Reactance per phase of rotor = X2
At standstill,
Induced EMF per phase in rotor = E2
Reactance per phase of rotor = X2 = 2 πf L2 where f is the supply frequency
Impedance per phase of rotor = A2 = BCC+ ECC

GH GH
Current per phase of rotor = I2 = I =
H JHH + KHH

JH
Power factor of rotor = MNOPC =
JHH + KHH
 Rotor Current & Power Factor at any slip
At any slip s,
Induced EMF per phase in rotor = sE2
Resistance per phase of rotor = R2
Reactance per phase of rotor = sX2 = s2πf L2 where f is the supply frequency
R2
Impedance per phase of rotor = A2 = BCC+ (FG2)C

JKL JKL
sE2 sX2
Current per phase of rotor = I2 = =
ML
NLL +(JOC)L

NL
Power factor of rotor = QRFSC =
NLL +(JOC)L
Rotor Circuit Diagram
 Rotor Current & Power Factor at any slip
123 123 X2
Current per phase of rotor = I2 = =
43
533 +(189)3

Current per phase of rotor = I2 =

23 E2 R2/s
;3 3
<
+893
53 /1
Power factor of rotor = PQRS9 =
(53 /1)2+(89)3
Equivalent Rotor Circuit Diagram
X2 R2
53 (CD1)
= B9 + B9
1 1
E2 (? − A)
=> R2= Rotor Resistance per phase
A
Fictitious Resistance
(CD1)
B9 = representing Electrical
1
Load on the rotor
Equivalent Rotor Circuit Diagram
 Power transferred to Rotor
X2 R2
Per phase power input to rotor = Pg
Pg = E2 I2 cosθ2 E2 ($ − &)
!"
=> /@
&
Pg = E2 I2
(=> /@)2+(BC)>
D>
Pg = I2 EC/F = GCC EC/F
(=> /@)2+(BC)> Equivalent Rotor Circuit Diagram
=> (HI@)
Pg = GCC @
= GCCEC + GCCEC @ [Air Gap Power = Rotor Cu Loss
+ Mechanical Power Developed in Rotor]
C =>
Pg = GC @ ⇒ FWX = GCCEC [slip *Air Gap Power = Rotor Cu Loss ]

C (1 − F)
WZ = GC EC = WX 1 − F [Mechanical Power Developed in Rotor (WZ) = (1-s)* Air gap power]
F
C F
GC EC = WZ = FWX
(1 − F)
 Torque developed in Rotor
45637589 :3;<85=;89 >?@37 A3B39?C3A =5 D?6?7
Internal torque developed per phase = 23 = D?6?7 EC33A =5 78A/E

GH (1 − M)GO GO
23 = = = 4RUV
I7 1 − M IE IE ∵ IE = 2RSE = = MWSXℎZ[S[\M M]^^_ `S Za_/M
G

GO 1 bccdc d[e[Z [ℎf`X g[MM 1 bccdc

23 = = = =
IE IE M IE ∗ Mg`] 2RSE M

GE< GE< G[i^Z ae jℎaUe

2E< = = =
I7 (1 − M)IE d[e[Z M]^^_ `S Za_/M
 OUTPUT AND EFFICIENCY
Output Power in Rotor = Pm = Pg – Rotor Ohmic Losses (ABBCB Losses)
Output Power at Shaft = Psh = Pm – Mechanical Losses ( Friction and Windage Losses)
= Psh = Pg – Rotor Ohmic Losses - Friction and Windage Losses
Pg = Stator input power – Stator Ohmic Losses - Stator Core Losses

FGHIGH FGHIGH PQR

E= = =
JKIGH FGHIGH + MFNNON PQR + PS + PTU

Pf = Fixed Losses = Core Losses + Mechanical Loss

PCu = Variable Losses = Stator Ohmic Loss + Rotor Ohmic Loss + Brush contact loss
 Power Developed in Induction Motor

Stator Rotor Rotor Power

Input Input Output Output
Power Power Power at shaft

Rotor
Stator Air gap
Stator Power Rotor Rotor Friction &
Ohmic Core Ohmic Core Windage
Loss Loss Loss Loss Loss
 Conclusion
Ø Rotor EMF
Ø Rotor Current and Power Factor at standstill
Ø Rotor Current and Power Factor at any slip
Ø Power transferred to Rotor
Ø Torque developed in Rotor
Ø Output & efficiency
Ø Power flow diagram of Induction Motor