INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL, DAMMAM.

BOYS MIDDLE SECTION

CLASS: VIII SOCIAL SCIENCE GEO. LESSON – 5 INDUSTRIES

I. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING.

1. What is an ‘industry’? (1m)
* Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with the production
of goods, extraction of minerals or the provision of services.
2. List the important locational factors of an industry? (1m)
The factors affecting the location of industries are:
* The availability of raw material
* Land
* Water
* Labour
* Power
* Capital
* Transport
* Market.
3. How are industries classified on the basis of raw materials? (4m)
Based on the raw materials used, the industries are classified as follows:
 Agro- based industries use plant and animal-based products as their
raw materials. Cotton textile, dairy products and leather industries are
examples of agro-based industries.
 Mineral based industries are primary industries that use mineral ores
as their raw materials. The products of these industries feed other
industries. Eg : iron and steel industry.
 Marine based industries use products from the sea and oceans as raw
materials. Eg. sea food industry
 Forest based industries utilise forest produce as raw materials.
Eg: paper, pharmaceuticals, furniture etc.

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4. Distinguish between public sector and joint sector industries. (2m)
*Public sector industries are owned and operated by the government. Eg:
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Steel Authority of India Limited.
*Joint sector industries are owned and operated by the state and individuals
or a group of individuals. Eg. Maruti Udyog Limited
5. What does an industrial system consist of? (2m)
* An industrial system consists of inputs, processes, and outputs.
* The inputs are the raw materials, labour and costs of land, transport, power,
and other infrastructure.
* The processes include a wide range of activities that convert the raw material
into finished products and the outputs are the end product and the income
earned from it.
6. How are industrial disasters caused? Suggest any three measures to
reduce its risk. (Any three) (4m)
* In industries, accidents/disaster mainly occur due to technical failure or
irresponsible handling of hazardous material.
Risk Reduction Measures (ANY 3)
* Densely populated residential areas should be separated far away from the
industrial areas.
* People staying in the vicinity of industries should be aware of the storage of
toxins or hazardous substances and their possible effects in case if an accident
occurs.
* Fire warning and fighting system should be improved.
* Storage capacity of toxic substances should be limited.
* Pollution dispersion qualities in the industries should be improved.
7. Why cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai? (2m)
* The warm, moist climate, a port for importing machinery, availability of raw
material and skilled labour resulted in rapid expansion of the industry in the
region.
8. How does steel industry at Pittsburgh enjoy the locational advantages?
(3m)
* Pittsburgh is an important steel city in the USA. Most raw materials such as
coal are available locally. Iron ore is brought from the iron mines in Minnesota.

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*Between these mines and Pittsburgh is one of the world’s best routes for
shipping ore cheaply – the famous Great Lakes waterway. Trains carry the ore
from the Great Lakes to the Pittsburgh area.
*The Ohio, the Monogahela and Allegheny rivers provide adequate water
supply.

WORKSHEET
I.FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. Secondary activities or manufacturing change raw materials into products
of more value.
2. Private sector industries are owned and operated by individuals or group of
individuals.
3. Basket weaving is an example of small scale industry.
4. Steel industry of India is an example of public sector industries.
5. Iron and steel industry is known as feeder industry whose products are
used as raw materials for other industries.
6. The first modern textile mill in India was established in Mumbai in 1854.
7. ‘Emerging industries’ are also known as sunrise industries.
8. Lake Superior is the largest of all the five great lakes.
9. Ahmedabad is located on the banks of Sabarmati river.
10. The river Yodo provides sufficient water supply for the mills in Osaka
region.
11. MIC means Methyl Isocynate.
12. Production of automobiles and heavy machinery are examples of large
scale industries.
13. Industrialisation often leads to the development and growth of towns and
cities.

II. NAME THE FOLLOWING.

1. An important steel city of USA. - Pittsburgh
2. The city which is known as ‘Manchester of Japan’. -Osaka
3. Two natural fibres and man- made fibres.
Natural fibres - wool, silk, cotton, linen and jute.

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 Man-made fibres - nylon, polyester, acrylic and rayon
4. The place where first textile mill was established in India. - Fort Gloster
near Kolkata
5. The coal fields from which TISCO gets its raw materials. - Jharia coalfields
6. The process in which metals are extracted from their ores by heating beyond
the melting point. - Smelting

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