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1 - Chemical Reactions and Equations
1 - Chemical Reactions and Equations
Q.3: What happens when dilute HCl is added to iron filings ? Tick the correct answer.
(a) Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced.
(b) Chlorine gas and iron hydroxide are produced.
(c) No reaction takes place.
(d) Iron salt and water are produced.
Ans: (a)
Q.4: What is a balanced chemical equation ? Why should chemical equation be balanced ?
Ans: An equation having an equal number of atoms of each element on both the sides is called a
balanced chemical equation.
According to this law, mass can neither be created nor destroyed. In other words, the total mass of
reactants should be equal to the total mass of the products in a chemical equation. Therefore, the total
number atoms of each element participating in the reaction must be equal on both sides of the chemical
equation i.e. before and after reaction. Hence, it is for the above reason that a chemical equation
should be balanced.
Q.8: Write the balanced chemical equations for the following and identify the type of reaction in each
case.
(a) Potassium bromide + Barium iodide ---> Potassium iodide + Barium bromide
(b) Zinc carbonate ---> Zinc oxide + Carbon dioxide
(c) Hydrogen + Chlorine ---> Hydrogen chloride
(d) Magnesium + Hydrochloric acid ---> Magnesium chloride + Hydrogen
Ans:
(a) 2KBr + BaI2 ---> 2KI + BaBr2
(b) ZnCO3 ---> ZnO + CO2
(c) H2 + Cl2 ---> 2HCl
(d) Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
Q.9: What does one mean by exothermic and endothermic reactions? Give examples.
Ans:
Exothermic reactions: Those reactions in which energy is released in the form of heat are called
exothermic reactions. Examples -
(1) All combustion reactions e.g.
CH4 + 2O2 ---> CO2 + 2H2O + Heat
(2) Thermite reactions e.g.
2Al + Fe2O3 ---> 2Fe + Al2O3 + Heat
Combinations are generally exothermic in nature. The decomposition of organic matters into compost is
an example of exothermic reaction.
Endothermic reactions: Those reactions in which energy is absorbed are called endothermic
reactions. Examples -
Combination reactions are those reactions in which two substances are combined to form a new
substance.
CaO + CO2 ---> CaCO3 + energy
In above examples, both the reactions are same but show opposite directions, so decomposition
reaction is called the opposite of combination reaction.
Q.12: Write one equation each for decomposition reactions where energy is supplied in the form of
heat, light or electricity.
Ans:
(a) Decomposition by heat or thermal energy
Q.13: What is the difference between the displacement and double displacement reactions? Write
equations for these reactions.
Ans: In displacement reaction, one element from its salt is displaced by a more reactive element e.g. in
following example, Cu is displaced by Zn from CuSO4 because Zn is more reactive.
CuSO4 + Zn ---> ZnSO4 + Cu
In double displacement reaction, exchange of ions takes place between two reactants to form new
products.
Na2SO4 + BaCl2 ---> BaSO4 + 2NaCl
Q.14: In the refining of silver, the recovery of silver from silver nitrate solution involved displacement by
copper metal. Write down the reaction involved.
Ans: When copper is mixed in silver nitrate solution, it displaces the silver because copper is more
reactive than silver.
2AgNO3 + Cu ---> Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
Q.16: Explain the following in terms of gain or loss of oxygen with two examples each.
(a).Oxidation
(b).Reduction
Ans:
(a) Oxidation: The reactions in which gain of oxygen takes place are called oxidation. Examples -
1. 2Cu + O2 ---> 2CuO
2. 2H2 + O2 ---> 2H2O
(b) Reduction: The reactions in which loss of oxygen takes place are called reduction. Examples -
1. ZnO + C ---> Zn + CO
2. CuO + H2 ---> Cu + H2O
Q.17: A shiny brown coloured element ‘X’ on heating in air becomes black in colour. Name the element
‘X’ and the black coloured compound formed.
Ans: The shinny brown colored element ‘X’ is copper. When it is heated in air, it becomes black due to
the deposit of copper oxide.
Q.19: Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen. Why ?
Ans: Nitrogen being an inert gas does not react easily with the oil and fat present in the food
substances. But oxygen reacts easily with the food substances and makes them rancid. It is because
of this reason that food items containing oil and fat are flushed with nitrogen gas before their packing to
remove oxygen present in the pack.