HEADQUARTERS

10 REGIONAL COMMUNITY DEFENSE GROUP

TH

ARMY RESERVE COMMAND

Camp Edilberto Evangelista, Cagayan de Oro City

INTRODUCTION TO MILITARY INTELLIGENCE

Welcome Cadets/Cadettes to another passage of learning this School Year, this year is truly
tough because of the pandemic we are facing. However, this COVID-19 pandemic just like other
adversities we encountered, only proves that we Filipinos are resilient and survivor through
unity, working and healing as one. This optimistic attitude brings you to this module of
INTRODUCTION TO MILITARY INTELLIGENCE. As part of the respective ROTC Training Staff,
I am very glad to serve and teach you in the midst of this pandemic/crisis. Hence, designed and
produced this module to deliver the best of what ROTC can offer despite of the new normal way
of learning/education.

Good Day! Cadets/Cadettes before we proceed to our lesson/subject, you should know first the
LESSON OBJECTIVES.

At the end of this lesson the Cadets/Cadettes should be able to:

1. Know the nature and concept of Military Intelligence

2. Differentiate Military Information from Military Intelligence

3. Identify the different uses, disciplines, broad categories and fields of Military
Intelligence

4. Determine the principles and geographical areas of Military Intelligence Operations

Then, you should also know the scope of the lesson:

1. Nature of Intelligence

2. Military Information and Military Intelligence

3. Uses of Intelligence

4. Different Disciplines of Military Intelligence

5. Broad Categories and Fields of Military Intelligence

6. Principles and Geographical Areas of Military Intelligence Operations

INTRODUCTION

Military Intelligence is as old as warfare itself. Even in biblical times, Moses sent spies to live
with the Canaanites in order to learn about their ways and about their strengths and
weaknesses. In the American Revolution, George Washington relied heavily on information that
was provided by an intelligence net based in New York City, and in World War II , the results of a
lack of good intelligence were realized in the destruction of the U.S. Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor.
Today, nations have at their disposal information collection and processing systems that permit
gathering and producing intelligence more rapidly and more accurately than ever before.
Satellites, ultramodern aircraft, electronic systems, human sources, cameras, imaging and
electronic devices, and a host of other systems permit the amassing of information on a scale
that was unheard of in the past.

NATURE OF INTELLIGENCE

Expectations on Intelligence

- describe places we have never been

- identify customs and attitudes fundamentally different from our own
- assess capabilities of unique and unfamiliar group
- get into the mind of the enemy and read his thoughts
- forecast the future

CHARACTERISTICS:

 Timely - Provided early enough to support planning, influence decisions and prevent
surprise from enemy action.
 Accurate – Balanced, complete and objective picture of the enemy and the battlefield.
 Relevant – Supports the concept of operation and the unit’s mission.
 Predictive – Tells what the enemy is doing, can do and most likely course of action.

2 MAIN OBJECTIVES OF INTELLIGENCE

1. Provide accurate, timely and relevant knowledge about the enemy (or potential enemy)
and surrounding environment
2. Assist in protecting friendly forces through counter intelligence

Difference between Military Information and Military Intelligence

MILITARY INFORMATION

-All facts, documents, materials, photographs, diagrams, maps & reports of observation of any
kind which increases our knowledge of a possible true or false, accurate or inaccurate, positive
or negative, organized or unorganized, and related or unrelated.
-Information is raw material, which has not been processed.
-Information is not intelligence yet.

MILITARY INTELLIGENCE

-It is an end product (knowledge) resulting from the recording, evaluation, analysis, integration,
and interpretation of information.
-It is the activity involved in the production of that end product which includes collection,
processing, dissemination and use of knowledge.
-It is the organization and use of the knowledge.

USES :

1. It assists the combat commander in the accomplishment of his mission by providing

information about the weather, enemy, people and terrain.
2. It provides the environmental background for the formulation of military strategy, force
structure, national security and defense policy.
 3. It assists in the setting up of useful and realistic training programs by providing vital
information about a potential adversary’s military strategy, tactics, force capabilities and
limitations, concepts of operation for employment of weapons systems and his military
doctrine.
4. It assists in the development of contingency plans and concepts by providing the
information regarding current and potential threats posed by any possible enemy.
5. It gives warning of enemy plans so as to avoid surprise attacks on our forces and
installations.

INTELLIGENCE DISCIPLINES:

 Human Intelligence (HUMINT)

- Oldest of the intelligence disciplines.
- Normally employed to confirm, refute or augment intelligence derived from other disciplines.

 Imagery Intelligence (IMINT)

- Product of imagery analysis from radar, infrared and optical equipment.
- Most effective when used to cue other collection systems or to verify information provided by
other means

 Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT)

- Uses information gathered by technical instruments such radars, lasers, electro-optical
sensors, etc. to measure objects/events and identify them by their signatures.

 Signals Intelligence (SIGINT)

- Results from collecting, locating, processing, analyzing, and reporting intercepted
communication emitters.

 Counterintelligence (CI)
- Multi-discipline (Counter-HUMINT, Counter-SIGINT, etc) function designed to defeat or prevent
enemy intelligence gathering efforts.
- Supports force protection.

 Technical Intelligence (TECHINT)

- Support commanders by identifying or countering an enemy’s momentary technological
advantage, or by maintaining a friendly technological advantage.

INTERNAL DEFENSE OPERATION

-Directed against armed insurgents, secessionist movements, as well as the ultra-rightists, their
organizations, methods, motives, their support system to include their human and material
resources

BROAD CATEGORIES OF INTELLIGENCE

*National Intelligence - refers to the integrated product of intelligence developed by all

government departments concerning the broad aspects of national policy and national security.

*Department Intelligence - is that intelligence required by an agency or department of the

government in order to execute its mission and discharge its responsibilities.

*Military Intelligence - is that intelligence used in the preparation and execution of military
plans, policies and programs.
BROAD FIELDS OF MILITARY INTELLIGENCE

Strategic Intelligence - it is that knowledge pertaining to capabilities, vulnerabilities, and

probable courses of action of foreign nations.

*Capabilities - refers to the abilities of a nation to carry out its national objectives by virtue of its
resources, technology and the like.
*Vulnerabilities - are the weaknesses which a nation is susceptible to in peace or war.
*Probable Courses of Action - refers to courses of action open to a nation that may be adopted
for accomplishing its national objectives.

Components:
P - olitical Intelligence
E - conomic Intelligence
T - ransportation and Telecom Intelligence
S - ociological Intelligence
B - iographic Intelligence
A - rmed Forces Intelligence
G - eographic Intelligence
S - cientific Intelligence

Combat Intelligence - is used in planning and conducting tactical and administrative

operations. It is concerned with information about the weather, enemy, people and terrain.

Counterintelligence - denies information to the enemy, increases the security of the command,
and aids in achieving surprise. It consists of:

Passive Measures Active Measures

Secrecy Discipline Counter recon

Security of classified info Counterespionage
Movement Control Counter-sabotage
Camouflage, etc Counter-subversion

PRINCIPLES OF MILITARY INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS

Intelligence as a cycle
-All intelligence activities generally follow a four-phase cycle oriented to the commander’s
mission. This cycle is continuous and all steps are carried out at the same time.

Flexibility
-Intelligence activities are based on reason and judgement and not on fixed procedures.
-Procedures, which do not readily adapt to a given situation, are generally discarded.

Imagination, Foresight & Resourcefulness

-Policies or procedures, which limit imagination or initiative, are avoided. Acceptance and
satisfaction with continuance of the current situation can only lead to disaster.

Security
-Constant security measures must be undertaken to deny unauthorized personnel information
about operations, sources of information, and the intelligence product.
-Security measures must not deter dissemination of information or intelligence to those who
have a “NEED TO KNOW”.
GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS OF MILITARY INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS

Commander’s intelligence operations are concerned with definite geographic areas:

-Area of Influence
-Area of Interest

1.AREA OF INFLUENCE
-portion of the area of operation or zone of action which by any means available to the
commander can influence operations

2.AREA OF INTEREST
-area of interest includes area of influence, adjacent or surrounding the areas which has a direct
bearing on the situation

QUESTIONS:

1. What is the difference between Military Information and Military Intelligence?

2. Give at least five (5) disciplines of Military Intelligence.
3. What are the two (2) areas of Military Intelligence operations