Bataan Peninsula State University

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

Department of Civil Engineering
City of Balanga, Bataan

CEMT0413 – Construction Materials and Testing

Academic Year 2021-2022
First Semester

Laboratory Work No: 02

Title: TESTING FOR BENDING, SHEAR, COMPRESSION AND

TENSILE OF WOOD SAMPLES

Name: GROUP NO. 2

Program/Year/Section: BSCE-CEM3A

ENGR. JONATHAN CRUZ MUÑOZ

Faculty

G R A D E: _________

VISION
A leading university in the Philippines recognized for its
proactive contribution to Sustainable Development through
equitable and inclusive programs and services by 2030.
MISSION
To develop competitive graduates and empowered
community members by providing relevant, innovative and
transformative knowledge, research, extension and
production programs and services through progressive
enhancement of its human resource capabilities and
institutional mechanisms.
TESTING FOR BENDING, SHEAR, COMPRESSION
AND TENSILE OF WOOD SAMPLES

GROUP TWO

LEADER
Espiritu, Ciara Mae M.

MEMBERS
Dionisio, Nikki Hershey R.
Ellano, Roddel C.
Gerio, Darius Philip B.
Peñaflor, Bea V.
Perello, Dana Sofia F.
Petito, John Melvin B.

GROUP TWO
LEADER:

TESTING FOR BENDING OF WOOD SAMPLES

MEMBERS:

TESTING FOR COMPRESSION OF WOOD SAMPLES

TESTING FOR COMPRESSION OF WOOD SAMPLES

TESTING FOR TENSILE OF WOOD SAMPLES

TESTING FOR SHEAR OF WOOD SAMPLES

TESTING FOR SHEAR OF WOOD SAMPLES

TESTING FOR BENDING OF WOOD SAMPLES

TESTING FOR SHEAR OF WOOD SAMPLES

Shear Test

A shear test is designed to apply stress to a test sample so that it experiences a sliding
failure along a plane that is parallel to the forces applied. Generally, shear forces cause one
surface of a material to move in one direction and the other surface to move in the opposite
direction so that the material is stressed in a sliding motion. Shear tests differ from tension and
compression tests in that the forces applied are parallel to the two-contact surface, whereas, in
tension and compression they are perpendicular to the contact surfaces.

Purpose

The most common use of a shear test is to determine the shear strength, which is the
maximum shear stress that the material can withstand before failure occurs, of a material. This
is a very important design characteristic of many types of fasteners such as bolts and screws.
For example, when a bolt is used to secure two plates together it will experience a shear force if
the plates themselves experience any forces parallel to their plane that attempt to separate
them. If the small fastener fails in shear it may lead to a chain of failures that could lead to the
entire destruction of a much larger structure.

Theory

Knowledge of shear failure is important while designing any structures or components.

Whenever forces act upon a body in such a way that one portion tends to slide upon another
adjacent to it the action is called a shear. In wood this shearing action may be along the grain,
or across the grain. A tenon breaking out its mortise is a familiar example of shear along the
grain, while the shoving off of the tenon itself would be shear across the grain.

Knowledge of shear parallel to the grain is important, since wood frequently fails in that
way. The value of shearing stress parallel to the grain is found by dividing the maximum load by
the area of the cross section.
 The shear test shall be carried out on a suitable testing machine with the help of a
shearing tool in a rig. The specimen shall be not to be shared off rests on the support
throughout the test. The shearing tool shall rest on the notch. The direction of shearing shall be
parallel to the longitudinal direction.

The ratio of stress to strain in shear is known as the modulus of rigidity, or shear
modulus. Shear failure may coincide with one of these planes; hence, six distinct modes of
shear failure are possible: LR, RL TL, LT, RT, and TR.

Collectively, RT and TR shear are sometimes called rolling shear; Rolling shear is
defined as shear stress leading to shear strains in a plane perpendicular to the grain direction.
Due to the very low rolling shear stiffness of timber significant shear deformations may occur.

LR and LT shear are the two kinds of longitudinal shear. Wood is generally more
resistant to longitudinal shear than rolling shear; however, longitudinal shear is a common
failure mode in an overloaded beam. This longitudinal shear is maximum at the neutral plane
and decreases toward the upper and lower surfaces.

Finally, RL and TL shear are the two kinds of transverse shear. Except for certain brittle
softwoods, like western red cedar, wood very rarely fails in transverse shear, it will undergo
tensile failure first.

Test Specimen:

The specimens are usually in the form of small, clear, straight-grained blocks with a
projecting tenon or lip to be sheared off. Two common forms and sizes are shown in figure. Part
of the blocks is cut so that the shearing surface is parallel to the growth rings, or tangential,
others at right angles to the growth rings, or radial. It is important that the upper surface of the
tenon or lip be sawed exactly parallel to the base of the block. When the form with a tenon is
used the undercut is extended a short distance horizontally into the block to prevent any
compression from below. The standard test specimen shall be 5 X 5 cm in cross-section and 6
cm in length or 2 X 2 cm in cross-section and 3 cm in length. The specimens shall be notched
on one end to produce shear failure on 5 X 5 cm or 2 X 2 cm surface in the radial or tangential
plane.

Procedure:

Step 1.
Take the wood specimen and determine the width and depth of the failure plane using vernier
calipers.

Step 2.
The wood (along the grain) is placed in the shear attachment and placed into the Universal
Testing Machine.

Step 3.

The machine is switched on and the load is gradually increased until the specimen is fractured,
and the load required to fracture is recorded.
Step 4.

Calculate the double shear strength on wood specimen.

Step 5.

Same step is repeated for different trials.

(Observation and Result)

REFERENCES:
 https://sm-nitk.vlabs.ac.in/exp8/index.html

https://www.testresources.net/applications/test-types/

VIDEO REFERENCE:

https://youtube.com/watch?v=LDvry15T1UE&feature=share