Water Security Plan

Dr. G.K.Khadse
Sr. Scientist, NEERI, Nagpur
1.National Goal
To provide every rural person
with adequate safe water for
drinking, cooking and other
domestic basic needs on a
sustainable basis.

This basic requirement should

meet minimum water quality
standards and be readily and
conveniently accessible at all
times and in all situations.
2. Basic Principles
Water is a public good and every person
has the right to demand DW

To ensure that DW need of the people is

met to increase economic productivity
and improve public health

The ethic of fulfilment of DW should not

be commercialized & denied to those
who cannot afford to pay for such service

DW supply cannot be left to the market

forces alone

The emphasis is more on PPP

User charges of the WSS should have an

in-built component of cross-subsidy
 3. Vision & Objectives
Vision
Safe DW for all, at all times, in rural India

Objectives
 To ensure permanent DW security in rural
India through improvement & conjunctive
use of existing DW sources & RWH
 Conformity with the prescribed std. at both
the supply & consumption points
 Guiding principles: potability, reliability, sustainability, convenience, equity &
consumers preference
 To enable communities to monitor & maintain surveillance on their DW sources
 To ensure access to safe DW for schools & anganwadis
 To provide environment for local communities to manage their own DW sources
 To provide access through online reporting mechanism
 4. Paradigm Shift
To move ahead from the conventional LPCD norms to..... ensure DW security
To meet basic min. need of HHs for drinking, cooking, domestic needs & cattle
 Water supply for drinking & cooking ...... Quality as per BIS stds.
To prevent contamination of DW during distribution ..... adopt 24x7 supply
Ensure potability & reliability of DW at production & consumption points
Focus on personal hygiene & proper storage at HH level
Adopted Health based target (BIS & WHO) rely on Water Safety Plan.
 5. Steps to Ensure Source Security
 To achieve water security at HH level, WSS should not
depend on a single DW source.
 During natural calamity / pollution, single source may
become non-potable / inaccessible resulting in acute
shortage of DW
 Water security involves conservation & storage of water
by utilising different sources for different use
 To ensure risk & vulnerability reduction on such
occasions and to ensure reliability & sustainability
 Adopt 'Wise Management of Water‘ focusing on 'water
quality & water quantity‘ from catchment to consumer.
 Groundwater recharging for all GW based WSS
 Catchment protection.
 Water purification to ensure potability
 A suitable blend of all the above approaches
 6. Long Term Sustainability
To ensure DW security under all circumstance & at
all times. WSS in the form of a grid supplying
metered bulk water to GPs/village by adopting an
appropriate system of pricing.

Grid could be in the form of major pipelines /canals

connecting major water bodies/sources.

Treatment at the delivery point or at the source.

7. Critical Issues
 Considerable gap between the designed service level
& service available at HH level.
 The issue of sustainability of source and system
 Active participation of the stakeholders.
 Challenges in Rural WS....... fast growing population,
accompanied by rapid depletion of freshwater
availability
 Factors for deterioration of WS : over exploitation of
GW, poor recharge, un-protected catchments,
emphasis on creation of new infrastructure but poor
attention; poor ownership of WSS by rural
community, O&M; neglecting traditional water
sources
 Virtual water' transfers.
 The cost sharing among Central Govt., State Govt.,
beneficiaries and other stakeholders.
8. Norms
Make WSS need based & to suit local requirement

Level of service should meet demand &

satisfaction at HH level on sustainable basis.

Providing adequate piped safe DW supply within

the HH premises.

This is necessary to relieve women & girls, from

the drudgery of fetching water, address
malnutrition issues, increase the time available for
education & leisure, preventing contamination.

Habitation to be considered as uncovered ......if all

the HHs do not have the basic minimum DW
facility of potable quality at convenient location
on a sustainable basis.
Preparing Village Water
Security Action Plan (VAP)
1. Tools Required During the Development of VAP in Village
a) VAP Template with required quantity of
survey formats for village profile & HH survey
b) Checklist for Focus Group discussion
c) Topographical maps of the area
d) Revenue map of the villages
e) Demographic & geological information on
f) Information on annual rainfall of the area
g) Local water sources, usages, yield & reliability
h) FTK for testing water quality parameters
i) Guidance note for developing VAP
j) Chart papers, pen ,pencils, erasers, scale,
staplers, calculator etc.
 2. Methodology of the Social Survey

a) Listing and Mapping

Each & every HH of the village is to be listed
with a unique ID code number like WS-
1,2,3……etc. Village map, earmarking each &
every HH, main landmark and water source
points to be marked.

b) Sample Procedure and Sample Size

Villages can be divided into 4 categories.
1st up to 250 hh,
2nd in between 250 to 500,
3rd in between 500 to 750 and
4th will be from 750 & above.

• Measurements of roof top in 100% pucca houses in village for RWH.

• Group discussions, involving the community is to be done.
 c) Tools and Techniques of Data Collection

Here we need a combination of quantitative and qualitative data. For

quantitative study, semi structured questionnaires is to be
constructed on the basis of the objectives of the study.

Individual interviews from HH need to be carried out with the help of

these questionnaires. All water sources are to be marked by unique
code and the water samples to be collected in proper manner.
 d) Desk Study
• Review of secondary data on water quality & quantity
• Review of state water policy & operational guidelines

e) Technical Study
Comprises of total station survey,
topographical survey, GPS co-ordinates,
present status of the water source,
sanitation survey, water quality test etc.

f) Training & Orientation

Detailed discussion on field procedures, data collection
and recording should be the part of the training.
Participants: Sarpanch & Gramsevak, Additional CE, all
the SE, EE, local NGOs & UNICEF officials.
g) Team Composition

Social Team
Developing Country Times
GOOD NEWS !! • Five or more numbers of trained field
NEW METHOD DEVELOPED FOR
DESIGNING INTERMITTENT SYSTEMS investigator depending upon the
Claims that supply conditions will improve !
Claims to share water more fairly !
numbers of HHs in the village
Improved pressure conditions for all !
• 1 Supervisor & 1 PRA expert for
doing FGD & community meeting.

Technical Team
• One surveyor
• One technical resource person
• One chemist
• Village/Panchayat facilitator working
for NRDWQM&SP (if found).
h) Activities Carried out During Piloting of VAP for Water Security

Information to be collected with community

participation:

• Physical features of the village

• Village demography : Number of HHs, Population & its

characteristics (education, caste, religion)
• Existing status of the water sources/usages/quality
• Assessment of PHED supplied & private water tankers
• Key informant interview
• HH survey (Including 100% roof top measurement)
• Focus group discussion
• Community meeting
3. Institutional Survey
The village level institutions like
Panchayat Bhawan, Anganwadi
center, Schools, Community
center are to be visited to assess
the water status of the different
institutions.

Special focus to be given on the

possibilities of rooftop RWH.
Detail of the HH survey : Points to be covered
• Household size
• Cattle population
• Caste and religion and economic status
• Main source of water (drinking and other)
• Accessibility to water source
• Person responsible for water collection
• Measurement of roof top area
• Water storage capacity in each household
• Water collection points
• Water availability, demand & gap assessment for HH
• Details of existing water sources
• Financial contribution for capital cost as well for O&M

Technical Survey
• Locating water sources like HP, TW, DW, river, RWH
• Assessment of yield, seasonal variation & water quality
• Village map covering imp. features
• Testing of the water samples at the site
• Cross checking the test results in PHED lab
 4. Detail of Existing Water Sources

What
• Water quality & quantity.
• Marking information on Toposheets
• A sanitary survey of each source

How
• Interaction with the community
• With the help of Village facilitator and FTK, water testing is to be done.
• Water availability per day is to be calculated
Who
This information is to be collected by NGO facilitator with the help of the
sarpanch / Gramsewak/ patwari / key informant etc.
 5. Data Entry, Analysis and Interpretation
1. Editing of the collected data
2. Data entry
3. Data Cleaning
4. Data analysis
5. Data interpretation
6.Population projection
The formula used in this projection is denoted by,
Pt2 = Ptl ert………………(i)
where,
Pt2 is the size of population at time t2 ; Ptl is the size of population at time tl
r is the exponential rate of growth for increase in population between the time
periods t l & t2; and t = t2- t l = the time interval between Pt1 and Pt2
From (i) we get, Pt2 / Pt1 = ert
So, loge Pt2 / Pt1 = rt loge e = rt
So, rt = (loge * Pt2 / Pt1) => r = (loge * Pt2 / Pt1) / t
Therefore, P2024 = P2009 * er * 15
P2024= (Projected population)
 Quantification of Water Savings

Water savings
through devices
and efficient
irrigation

Efficient
Crop
planning
 OUR MISSION
“CLEAN DRINKING WATER TO ALL”

Thank You