INFERTILITY (in males)

PRESENTED TO:
MS. ALINA HAMEED
Presented by:

 UMER (70122060)

 Amanullah (7012226)
Objectives:

 Introduction of infertility
 Risk factors of infertility
 Causes
 Types
 Diagnosis
 Treatment
Introduction:

 Infertility refers to an inability to conceive after having

regular unprotected sex

 Infertility is a significant medical problem affecting

couples worldwide.
Cont.

 Avg incidence of infertility is about 15% globally.

 20% cases of infertility are due to problem in man

 40% to 50% are due to women

 Risk factors for infertility:
 Following are few risk factors for infertility :

• Age (over 40 for men).

• Diabetes.
• Eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa.
• Excessive alcohol use. Anorexia nervosa
• Exposure to environmental toxins. ✓ An intense fear of gaining
weight and may have a
• Over exercising. distorted view of their body,
• Radiation therapy or other cancer treatments. thinking they're fat even
when they're underweight.
Causes:

❖ Low sperm count:

➢ Less than 10 million sperm per ml of semen.
➢ Normal sperm count is 20 million per ml of semen

❖ No sperm:
➢ Absence of sperm in semen.
 Cont.

❖ Low sperm motility

➢ Sperm are immotile, can not swim

❖ Abnormal sperm
➢ Unusual shape , more difficult to move and fertilize egg
Its causes are:
- Testicular infections
- Testicular cancer
- Testicular surgery
Cont.

 Overheating testicles
 Ejaculation disorders
 Testosterone deficiency
 Genetic abnormality
 Testicular inflammation
Types of infertility:

 Two types of infertility

- Primary infertility
- Secondary infertility
Cont.

➢ Primary infertility
A man is not able to start a pregnancy with his female
partner.

➢ Secondary infertility
For secondary infertility, the male was previously fertile,
but is now unable to conceive.
 Diagnosis:
 A detailed medical history, physical examination and investigations are needed to
assess the cause of infertility.

Evaluation of infertility includes following steps:

▪ History taking
▪ Clinical examination
▪ Investigations
-Semen analysis
-Testicular biopsy
-Chromosomal karyotyping
Treatment:
❖ Premature ejaculation
- Behavioral approaches (Giving suggestions)
- Medications

❖ Variocele
- If there is varicose vein in scrotum, it can be surgically removed

❖ Sperms can be extracted directly from the testicles and injected into an egg in
laboratory
Cont.

 Surgery for epididymal blockage:

-A bypass of the blockage can be performed, called vaso-

epididymostomy

Vaso-epididymostomy:

✓ Vas deferens is re-

connected to epididymis)
Nursing Intervention:

Management of infertility ranges from counseling and advice to

medications and surgery. Counseling of both partners is an important
aspect in the management.

• Healthy eating habits

• Adding more whole-grain products, fruits, vegetables.
• Limiting processed foods and foods with added sugars, eating a diet
low in cholesterol and saturated fats
• Promote regular exercise
• No smoking (avoid passive smoking)
 Cont.

• Limit alcohol intake

• Maintain healthy weight
• Treatment of Psycho-sexual problems
  Infertility is curable
 Don’t feel ashamed if You are suffering from
infertility
 Focus on diet
 Exercise regularly
Summary:
 Avoid Bad habits (smoking, alcohol)
.
References:

 Brunner & Suddarth’s , A textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing,

2nd Volume, 13th Edition, Published by Wolters Kluwer Publication

 Joyce MB, jane HH , A Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing , 1st

Volume , 8th Edition , Sounders Elsevier Publication

 www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/infertility/