6

Mathematics
Quarter 3-Module 1:
Understanding Solid Figures
 Lesson
Visualizing and Describing
1 the Different Solid Figures

Geometry is all around us. Anything with physical characteristic is

geometrically formed. Geometry is a branch of Mathematics that studies the sizes,
shapes, positions, angles and dimension of things. The concepts we will be learning
will increase our knowledge about geometry.

This lesson deals mainly on visualizing and describing solid figures.

What’s In

A polygon is a simple closed figure formed by union of line segments. The line
segments forming a polygon are called sides. The point where two sides meet is called
vertex.

vertex side vertex

leg side

side side

The name of the polygons tells us how many sides, vertices (plural form for
vertex) and angles it has.

A regular polygon has all sides equal in length and all the angles are of equal
measures, while irregular polygons can have sides of any length and angles can be
of any measure.

Direction: Draw each prescribed polygon on a sheet of paper.

1. Square 2. Pentagon 3. Heptagon

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 4. Octagon 5. Decagon

• • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • •

Directions: Name each polygon. Put your answers on a sheet of paper.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

________ ________ ________ ________ ________

What’s New

Andrew is helping her mother clean the kitchen cabinet. While rearranging
the food display in the cabinet, he noticed that the containers have different shapes.
There are sardines, corned beef and tuna in cans, and condiments in bottles. There
are also milk in boxes, boxes of toothpaste and bar of soaps. Can you tell what shapes
do these objects have?
 What Is It

All the things that we see inside and outside our houses come in different
shapes. Canned goods like sardines are cylindrical in shape, the box of milk, box of
toothpaste and bar of soap come in the shape of a rectangular prism. The ice on the
freezer are cube in shape. The balls we use for playing and the coconut fruits on the
tree are spherical in shapes. The tent we use for camping may come in the shape of
a triangular prism or a pyramid. These figures are called solid figures.

Solid figures are figures that have three dimensions such as length, width,
and height.

How do we describe a solid figure?

Let us look at the characteristics of the different solid figures.

vertex face
f
f f The solid figure on
a a the left has faces or sides
f f
c c that are polygons. These
a a
e e faces meet at edges,
c c which are line segments.
e e Each endpoint of an edge
is called a vertex.

edge face
f
A. Cube- is a solid figure with 6 congruent faces. It has 6 faces, 12 edges
and 8 vertices.
vertex

height

width

length
B. Prisms- are solid figures that have parallel faces that have the same shape.
These faces of its sides are parallelograms.

vertex vertex face

faces

base edge base

Triangular Prism Rectangular Prism

A triangular prism has 5 faces, A rectangular prism has 6
9 edges, and 6 vertices. faces,12 edges, and 8 vertices.

Take note!
A cube is also a prism.

C. Pyramid- is a solid figure made up of base and triangular faces. These faces
meet at a common topmost point called the vertex. The vertex is also called the
apex of the pyramid. The edges that meet at the vertex are called lateral edges.
A regular pyramid is a pyramid with a regular base and with lateral edges of

equal length.

apex

lateral faces

base base base

Triangular Pyramid Square Pyramid Pentagonal Pyramid

Take note!

Rectangular prisms and pyramids are also called polyhedrons

because each one has many faces, and every face is a polygon.
D. Cylinder - is a solid figure that has two circles and a curved lateral face.

curved surface

circular base

E. Cone - a solid figure that has a circular flat base and a curved face pointed
towards the top. The pointed top end of the cone is called the apex.

vertex

circular base

F. Sphere- is a solid figure in which all points are of equal distance from a point
called its center and these points form a curved surface as well.

center

What’s More

bI. Direction: Write the name of each solid figure on a sheet of paper.

1. 2. 3. 4.

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

5. 6. 7. 8.

_________ ____________ ____________ ________________

9. 10.

_____________ ______________
 Lesson
Differentiating Solid Figures
2 from Plane Figures

All the things that we see around us are associated with shapes. And the way
we name a person in order to differentiate them from the others, we also need to
learn the terms that we will be using in order to differentiate the plane and solid
figures around us.

What’s In

As discussed previously, solid figures are three-dimensional figures because

of its length, width and height.

Solid figures like prisms and pyramids are called polyhedrons because the
faces are polygons. These kinds of solid figures have faces, edges and vertices.

Face is the flat surface of a solid figure, edge is a line segment formed when
two faces meet and vertex/vertices are point/points where the edges meet.

Some solid figures like the cone, cylinder and sphere have curved surfaces
and has no edges.

Directions: Can you name the following solid figures? Write your answers on a sheet
of paper.

_______1. _______2. _______3.

_______4. _______5.
________6. How many faces does a cube have?
_________7. How many edges does a rectangular prism have?

_________8. How many circular bases does a cylinder have?

_________9. What is the shape of the base of a square pyramid?

_________10. What do you call the vertex of a pyramid?

What’s New

Do you help in cleaning the house? Why?

Martin helps his sister in cleaning the

house. He started cleaning in the living room.

While he is sweeping the floor, he noticed the

different shapes inside the room. He wondered

which are plane figures and which are solid figures?

What is It

Plane figure is a geometric figure that is flat whose points lie on the same
surface. It has no thickness, only length and width that it is why it is called
two-dimensional shape. It can be composed of a straight line, curved line, or both
straight and curved lines.
 Plane figures are categorized into two: Open figure and Closed Figure.

Open Figure Closed Figure

Open figure has at least one Closed figure has no break. The line
endpoint, and one side is not connected segments or curves are continuous
to the rest. Example of this are line forming a closed shape. A closed figure
segments, curves, and angles. has an area and perimeter.

Closed figures are further categorized into polygonal plane figures and non-
polygonal plane figures.
Closed figures or polygons are bounded by line segments. These line
segments are its sides and the endpoints of the sides of a polygon are its vertices.

Polygonal plane figures are closed figures formed by line segments. A polygon
has at least three sides. Examples of polygons are triangle, quadrilateral, pentagon
and all the n-sided polygon.

Example: triangle quadrilateral pentagon

Non-polygonal plane figures are plane figures that have curved

sides/edges.

Example: circle ellipse other non-polygonal planes

 Solid figure, on the other hand, is a closed figure that has three dimensions,
the length, width and height.

The following table shows illustrations of the different solid figures.

Solid Figures with Straight Faces Solid Figures with Curved Faces

The solid figures above have sides
called faces. When these faces meet and
form a line segment, it’s called edges.
And each endpoint of an edge is called a
vertex. These are prisms, cube and
pyramids.
The solid figures with curved faces
have no edges. The cylinder having 2
circular bases and a curved lateral face.
The cone which has a circular base and
a curved surface pointed towards the
top or apex. The sphere which has all
points with equal distance from the
center forming a curved surface.

Let us compare plane figures and solid figures through the given table.

Plane Figures Solid Figures

• two-dimensional shape • three-dimensional shape
• flat • thickness and depth
• has length and width • has length, width and height

After learning about the difference of plane figures and solid figures, we can
help Martin in identifying the terms he will use to categorize the shapes.

Plane figures Solid figures

placemat tables
newspaper tv
window vase
calendar
 What’s More

I. Direction: Write letter P if it is a plane figure and an S if it is a solid

figure. Write your answers on a sheet of paper.

____1. ____2. ____3. ____4. ____5.

____6. ____7. ____8. ____9. ___10.

II. Direction: On a sheet of paper, write Plane if it is a plane figure and

write Solid if it is a solid figure.

_________1. shoebox _________6. wall sticker

_________2. floor tiles _________7. basketball court
_________3. ball _________8. kite
_________4. wheel _________9. drinking glass
_________5. playing card _________10. TV screen

III. Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to form words used in our lesson.
Write your answers on a sheet of paper.

1. LNEPA ___________ 10. T H E H I G ___________

2. IDLOS ___________
3. GONYLOP ___________
4. TERVEX _____________
5. ESCAF ___________
6. THNGLE ___________
7. M E N I O N S I D ___________
8. GEEDS ___________
9. IDWTH ___________
 29
LESSON 2 LESSON 1 What I can Do
What’s In What’s More 1.True 6. True
1. sphere I. 2.True 7. False
2.cube
3.cylinder 1. cube 3.False8. True
4.triangular prism 2. cylinder
5. cone 3. triangular prism 4.False9. True
6. six 4. sphere 5.True 10.True
7. twelve 5. cylinder
8. two 6. rectangular prism
9. square 7. cone Additional
10. apex 8. triangular prism Activity
What’s More 9. cone
10. pyramid Answers may
I vary.
II.
1.√ 6. #
FIGURE VERTI- FACES EDGES
2. # 7. √
CES
3.# 8. √ Cube 8 6 12
Triangular 6 5 9 What I Know
4. √ 9. √ Prism
Rectangular 8 6 12 1. b 6. b
5. √ 10. √ 2. c 7. d
Prism
II Triangular 4 4 6 3. d 8. c
Pyramid 4. c 9. b
1.Solid 6. Plane Square 5 5 8 5. b 10. b
2. Plane 7. Plane Pyramid
LESSON 1
3.Solid 8. Plane
III. What’s In
4. Solid 9. Solid 1.
5.Plane 10. Plane 1.B 6. D
III 2.C 7. A 2.
3.D 8. G
1. PLANE 4.E 9. D 3.
2. SOLID 5.C 10.F/G 4.
3. POLYGON What I have Learned
4. VERTEX 5.
5. FACES solid figure
6. LENGTH polyhedron
curved 6. Diamond or
7. DIMENSION quadrilateral
cylinder
8. EDGES apex 7. pentagon
9. WIDTH triangular pyramid 8. hexagon
10.HEIGHT edge 9. decagon
vertex 10. octagon
Answer Key