ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: PRECIPITATING FACTORS:

 Male sex  Exposure to radiation and certain chemicals

 Age (common in children)  Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)
 Race (common in African American)
 Family History: Mother has a history of
anemia

Alteration of the cell’s DNA structure

Activate oncogene/ deactivate

tumor-suppressor gene

Over expression of growth factor for

cellular growth and proliferation

Decreased Proliferation
Control

Cell mutation

Immature clone of cells

Rapid proliferation of
Abnormal Cells
Immunophenotype by Flow
Peripheral Blood Cytometry
 Bone marrow

Formation of neoplastic
cells in the bone marrow

Malignant transformation of Platelet transfusion

lymphoid stem cells of 1unit
Diagnostic Test: Bruising
Decrease Acetaminophen
 Bone Marrow aspiration Decrease 650 mg
 Bone Marrow biopsy platelet count
capillary refill
Uncontrolled proliferation of
White Blood Cell White Blood Cell Vitamin C
lymphoblast in the bone marrow
Differential in Peripheral Differential in Peripheral
Blood Blood

Lymphoblast replace the normal Anemia Decreased

Decrease Oxygen
marrow elements RBC count activity therapy
Pallor

Ferrous Sulfate
Decreased production of
normal blood cells

 Standard Induction Therapy

 Vincristine,
Spillage of lymphoblast
 Prednisone,
into the bloodstream
 Anthracycline, and
 Cyclophosphamide
Mild Abdominal Organ Infiltration
 Chemotherapy
Distention
 Bone marrow transplant
 Stem cell transplant
Legend:

Precipitating & Predisposing Factors

Disease Process

Manifestation

Not experienced by the client

Experienced by the client

Treatment

Signs and symptoms

Management

Laboratory result

Diagnostic Test