Electromagnetics

Basics of Vector,
Triangular, Parallelogram
& polygon law
By Prof. Hitesh Dholakiya
Outlines of Session
Basics of Vector
Triangular Law

Resultant of two vector

Parallelogram Law

Polygon Law
 Basics of Vector
❖ Difference between vector and scalar
Scalar Vector
1. The quantities which has only magnitude, and no 1. The quantities which has magnitude and direction are
direction, are scalar quantities vector quantities

2. The scalar quantities are one dimensional 2. The vector quantities are more than one dimensional
quantities quantities

3. The scalar can be divided with another scalar 3. The vector can not be divided with another vector
quantities quantities

4. Number (Magnitude) and unit is only required to 4. Number (Magnitude), direction (Unit vector) and unit
represent scalar quantities is required to represent vector quantities

5. E. g. Mass, Time 5. E. g. Velocity, Force

 Basics of Vector
❖ Representation of vector
𝐴Ԧ = 𝐴𝑥 𝑖Ƹ + 𝐴𝑦 𝑗Ƹ + 𝐴𝑧 𝑘෠ 𝐴Ԧ = (𝐴𝑥 , 𝐴𝑦 , 𝐴𝑧 )

❖ Magnitude of vector
𝐴 = 𝐴Ԧ = 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐴𝑦 2 + 𝐴𝑧 2

❖ Unit vector
𝐴Ԧ
𝑖෡𝐴 =
𝐴Ԧ
Law of Triangle

𝐶Ԧ 𝐶Ԧ
𝐴Ԧ 𝐴Ԧ

𝐵 𝐵
Resultant of two vector

❑ As Pythagoras theorem
𝐶Ԧ
𝐶 2 = (𝐵 + 𝐴 cos 𝜃)2 +(𝐴 sin 𝜃)2
𝐴Ԧ 𝑨 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
𝐶 2 = 𝐵2 + 2𝐴𝐵 cos 𝜃 + (𝐴 cos 𝜃)2 +(𝐴 sin 𝜃)2
𝐶 2 = 𝐵2 + 2𝐴𝐵 cos 𝜃 + 𝐴2

𝐵 𝑨 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
Law of Parallelogram

𝐴Ԧ 𝐶Ԧ
𝐴Ԧ

𝐵
Law of Polygon

𝐴Ԧ 𝐶Ԧ

𝐷
𝐸