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MATULAC,Reynee Shaira_ChE423
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1. How do we regulate the effects of wastewater in the environment?

There are many ways to regulate the effects of wastewater and we can start from our own area/home.

We can have a proper disposal of trash in a designated area and not in the bodies of water. Save water and
money by installing low flow toilets, shower heads and faucets. Ensure as much rain water as possible
soaks into your lawn by periodically aerating it. Not only will you save water, you will also put less effort
into watering your lawn. Save rain water and use it to water your garden, indoor plants and lawn.

Generally, we can practice it by having a proper sewage system in our community. Be aware of the
products that we are using like chemicals and also be responsible of your own trash.

2. How do we characterize wastewater?

A wastewater flow needs to be treated, the first alternative that should normally be considered is the use
of a biological process. However, we must determine the nature of the contamination present in the water
in order to evaluate the suitability of treatment the type of contaminants.

The wastewater characterization, provides a variety of information regarding the type and concentration
of the contaminants present. It must be carried out to determine the type of contamination concerned.
Some parameters are pH and conductivity, the parameters that should be analyzed are those that give an
idea of the content of organic matter, nutrients, and the toxicity of the wastewater as regards
microorganisms. In addition to more specific parameters related to the type of activity generated by the
effluent metals, surfactants, ammonia etc.

3. What are the sources and characteristics of industrial pollutants, specifically concerning wastewater
effluents?

One of the important pollution sources in the pollution of the water environment is industrial wastewater.
There are numerous sorts of mechanical wastewater based on diverse businesses and contaminants; each
segment produces its claim specific combination of poisons. Just like the different characteristics of
mechanical wastewater, the treatment of mechanical wastewater must be outlined particularly for the
specific sort of emanating produced.

Generally, mechanical wastewater can be isolated into two sorts: inorganic mechanical wastewater and
natural mechanical wastewater. Inorganic industrial wastewater is created basically within the coal and
steel industry, within the nonmetallic minerals industry, and in commercial undertakings and businesses
for the surface handling of metals (press picking works and electroplating plants) Organic mechanical
wastewater contains natural mechanical squander stream from those chemical industries and large-scale
chemical works, which basically utilize natural substances for chemical reactions.
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MATULAC,Reynee Shaira_ChE423
BSChE4

4. What are the ways on treating wastewater before releasing in the bodies of water such as rivers and
oceans?

There are many ways on treating wastewater before releasing on bodies of water. Some various stages are
Pre-treatment, Preliminary Treatment, Primary Treatment, Secondary System, Disinfection, and Sludge
(bio solids) Disposal.

Pre-treatment of wastewater is done prior to discharge from factories in order to avoid releasing any
chemicals surplus nutrients from wastewater. We also have Preliminary Treatment, a way of removing
non-biodegradable objects, debris and large objects from wastewater. On the other hand , Primary
Treatment is physically done to remove any suspended sand particles from wastewater. Secondary
Treatment is a biological process that makes use of bacteria or algae in order to absorb the organic matter
present in the water. Disinfection is a tertiary treatment and generally UV radiation, chlorine and
chloramines are used for disinfecting. Lastly, Sludge Disposal is a wastewater treatment by removing
sludge or bio-solids.

5. Explain the contents and significance of DAO 90-34 and DAO 90-35. What information can we get
from them?

DAO 90-34 and DAO 90-35 a revised effluent regulations of 1990, revising and amending the effluent
regulations of 1982. Pursuant to the provisions of Section 6 (i) of Presidential Decree No. 984, otherwise
known as the "Pollution Control Decree of 1976", and by virtue of Executive Order No. 192, Series of
1987, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources hereby adopts and promulgates the rules
and regulations.

DAO 90-34 water classification is the primary component in water quality management for which
goals/objectives of each of the water bodies are met. Three activities are involved namely: establishments
of water bodies beneficial use, identification of water quality indicators (or criteria pollutants) and water
quality suitable for each use. In the Philippines classification is a very important component of water
quality management since the application of effluent standards are dependent on this classification. This
administrative order classifies water bodies into five (5) classes, i.e. AA, A, A, C for inland fresh waters
and four (4) classes for marine and coastal water, i.e. SA, SB, SC and SD.

DAO 90-35 consists of 16 sections that applies to all industrial and municipal wastewater effluents.

Effluent standards are limits in terms of concentration and/or volume that any wastewater discharge
coming from a point source i.e. industrial plants and municipal sewerage systems shall meet. These
consist of a set of water quality parameters and their corresponding numerical limits. Each set is
prescribed for each of the water classes i.e. there is one set of effluent standards for Class AA, another for
Class A, etc. Effluent standards are usually a certain factor say 10 over the Water Quality Criteria.

For the protection of public health and the aquatic resources of the country and in cases where the
volume, strength and nature of one or more pollutants, enumerated in, or not otherwise covered in the
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MATULAC,Reynee Shaira_ChE423
BSChE4

preceding Sections, are expected to cause a serious deterioration of a receiving body of water or cause
harm or injury to aquatic life and resources, the Department Secretary shall promulgate guidelines for the
use of the concerned line agencies, providing for the maximum quantity of any pollutant or contaminant
that maybe allowed to be discharged into the said body of water or watercourse, including the maximum
rate at which the contaminant may be so discharged.

This particularly applies, but is not limited to industrial effluents covered under Section 6 of these
regulations, specifying in kilograms per day the BOD that may be discharged considering the
classification and dry weather flow of the receiving body of water.

Penalties. - Any person or group of persons found violating or failing to comply with any Order or
Decision of the Department and/or the Pollution Adjudication Board or any provision of these
Regulations, shall be liable under Section 9 of the Pollution Control Law (PD No. 984) and/or Section
106 of the 1978 NPCC Rules and Regulations, as amended.

Separability Clause. - Any Section or provision of these regulations declared to be unconstitutional or

invalid by a competent court, the other sections or provisions hereof shall remain to be in force.

Repealing Clause. - Any provision of the 1978 Rules and Regulations, as amended, the Effluent
Regulations of 1982, and other existing rules and regulations of the Department which are inconsistent
herewith are hereby repealed.

References:

https://www.eolss.net/Sample-Chapters/C09/E4-11-02-02.pdf

https://tutorialstipscivil.com/civil-topics/waste-water-treatment-plant-method/

http://www.geoidex.com/picmtsp.com/mtsp002/MTSP_Resources/Legislation_Policies/Water/Water
%20Quality/DAO%2090-35%20General%20Effluent%20Standards.pdf