REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

SOUTH CENTRAL MINDANAO COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY
Purok Rosal Barangay New Isabela
Tacurong City, Sultan Kudarat

COURSE NO. ET 112 Units: 3

Course Title: Fundamentals of Electricity Prerequisite: NONE

VISION OF THE INSTITUTION

The academe envisions of providing graduates who are God fearing, patriotic, academically
competent and skillful individuals. It is committed to offer a safety environment with innovative
approaches in teaching and learning process and always be of service to its community.

MISSION OF THE INSTITUTION

The academe is fully committed to foster and sustain quality education, where students honed
their potential in a safe and caring environment.
Teachers passionately foster learning with competence and provide an avenue that may bring
out student’s skills in challenging and enjoyable way.
Administrators endeavor to be of help always to support and impose programs that will
promote quality teaching and learning.
Individuals in the locality are highly enjoined to share responsibility and be part of
implementing programs that will develop quality and skillful individuals.

CORE VALUES

DETERMINATION = determined to develop an institution that strive to achieve excellence

MOTIVATION = every individual in the academe is full of enthusiasm to pursue the objectives for the
betterment of the institution.
COOPERATION = working hand in hand and be sensitive with the needs of its stakeholders for the
betterment of the college.
CARING = emphatic to the welfare of every individual not only within the institution but with the
constituents in the locality.
LEARNING = we aspire of learning on the highest standard.
RESPECT = mutual respect should be afforded to every individual in the institution
COMMITMENT = we must be strongly committed to provide an academe that is conducive for
teaching and learning.

GRADING SYSTEM:
Module/Portfolio/activities 50%
Laboratory 30%
Exam 20%
100%

GRADE EQUIVALENT

PERCENTAGE NUMERICAL EQUIVALENT

GRADE DESCRIPTION
99-100 1.00 - Excellent
96-98 1.25
93-95 1.50
90-92 1.75
87-89 2.00 -Very Good
84-86 2.25
81-83 2.50
78-80 2.75
75-77 3.00
74 and Below FAILED
 Program/Course : ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE

Module Title: Fundamentals of Electricity

INTRODUCTION:
Welcome to the Module “Fundamentals of Electricity”. This module contains training materials
and activities for you to complete.
After completing this module ask your teacher to assess your competence. Result of your
assessment will be recorded in your competency profile. All the learning activities are designed for
you to complete at your own pace.

Inside this module you will find the activities for you to complete and relevant information sheets
for each learning outcome. Each learning outcome may have more than one learning activity.

This module is prepared to help you achieve the required competency, in receiving and relaying
information. This will be the source of information that will enable you to acquire the knowledge, skills
and attitude in Electrical Installation and Maintenance National Level independently at your own pace
or with minimum supervision or help from your teacher.

This module contains the “know” and “do” units in fundamentals of electricity

It covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required electrical installation and maintenance

This module consists of six (6) Learning Outcomes (LO’s) that contains learning activities for
both knowledge and skills supported with information sheets, job/operation sheets and self-check.
Before attempting to perform the manual exercises, see to it that you have already read and
understood the information/operation sheet and answered correctly the self-check provided in every
Learning Activities.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of this module, the students shall be able to:

LO1. Define electricity

LO2. Identify the types of friction
LO3. Recognize the founding fathers of electricity
LO4. Identify sources of energy
LO5. Differentiate direct current from alternating current
LO6. Define Ohm’s Law
LEARNING OUTCOME # 1: DEFINE ELECTRICITY
Activity 1: Word Search
 LEARNING OUTCOME # 2: IDENTIFY THE TYPES OF FRICTION

Activity 2: Determine the picture if it is Static or Kinetic friction.

LEARNING OUTCOME # 3: RECOGNIZE THE FOUNDING FATHERS OF ELECTRICITY
Benjamin Franklin
 Father of Electricity
 Kite experiment (one stormy night in Philadelphia)
In 1752
 Electricity has asds and negative elements when
he touched the key was charged with lightning volts
and produced a spark.
Thomas Edison
 In his 84 years, Thomas Edison acquired
a record number of 1,093 patents (singly
or jointly) and was the driving force
behind such innovations
as the phonograph, the incandescent
light bulb and one of the earliest
motion
picture

cameras. He also created the world's

first industrial research laboratory.
Nikola Tesla was an engineer and scientist known
for designing the alternating-current (AC) electric
system, which is the predominant electrical system
used across the world today. He also created the
"Tesla coil," which is still used in radio technology.
Michael Faraday discovered laws of
electromagnetism, invented the
first electric motor, and built the
first electric generator—paving the way

for our mechanied age.

Activity 3: Find it!

Activity 4: Name me!

LEARNING OUTCOME # 4: IDENTIFY SOURCES OF ENERGY
Activity 5: Figure out! what kind of energy does it give! Put the names of the energy resources on
the picture [ to what it portrays]

Directions; Cut out the side that has broken lines

and paste it accordingly to which box does it suit
[Renewable or Non-renewable resources]
Activity 6: Types of Energy!
LEARNING OUTCOME # 5: DIFFERENTIATE DIRECT CURRENT FROM ALTERNATING

CURRENT
Activity 7: Essay
2 examples for AC and 2 examples for DC sources and explain the working principle of the said
examples.
LEARNING OUTCOME # 6: OHM’S LAW

Symbol of
Resistance
DI
Activity 8: Identify Me!
Directions: Identify what is being asked.

Questions Answers
1. What is E.M.F?

2. What is the unit used in electrical power?

 3. What is the symbol for resistance?

4. Who discovered the unit of Watts?

5. What is the role of amperes in circuit?

6. What is the role of voltage in circuit?

7. Who discovered voltage?

8. Who discovered amperes?

9. What is the role of Watts in circuit?

10. Do electrons have a positive charge? If no

explain.

Activity 9: ESSAY
In your own knowledge of understanding, how does VOLTS, AMPS, RESISTANCE and WATTS,
differ from each other?
 What is Ohm’s Law?
Ohm's Law is a formula used to calculate the relationship between voltage, current and resistance in
an electrical circuit.

P=IxV
When spelled out, it means watts = current x volts, or watts = amps x volts, or P = A x E.
E or V = I x R
When spelled out, it means voltage = current x resistance, or volts = amps x ohms, or V = A x Ω.

Named for German physicist George Ohm (1789-1854), Ohm's Law addresses the key quantities at
work in circuits:

Ohm's
Unit of measure Role in
Quantity Law In case you're wondering:
(abbreviation) circuits
symbol

Pressure that
E = electromotive force (old-school
Voltage E Volt (V) triggers
term)
electron flow

Rate of
Current I Ampere, amp (A) I = intensity
electron flow

Resistance R Ohm (Ω) Flow inhibitor Ω = Greek letter omega

Power
Watts P Watts (W) P = power
consumed
If two of these values are known, technicians can reconfigure Ohm's Law to calculate the third. Just
modify the pyramid as follows:

If you know voltage (E) and current (I) and want to know resistance (R), X-out the R in the pyramid
and calculate the remaining equation (see the first, or far left, pyramid above).
Note: Resistance cannot be measured in an operating circuit, so Ohm's Law is especially useful
when it needs to be calculated. Rather than shutting off the circuit to measure resistance, a technician
can determine R using the above variation of Ohm's Law.
Now, if you know voltage (E) and resistance (R) and want to know current (I), X-out the I and
calculate the remaining two symbols (see the middle pyramid above).
And if you know current (I) and resistance (R) and want to know voltage (E), multiply the bottom
halves of the pyramid (see the third, or far right, pyramid above).
Try a few sample calculations based on a simple series circuit, which includes just one source of
voltage (battery) and resistance (light). Two values are known in each example. Use Ohm's Law to
calculate the third.
Example 1: Voltage (E) and resistance (R) are known.

What is the current in the circuit?

I = E/R = 12V/6Ω = 2A
Example 2: Voltage (E) and current (I) are known.
What is the resistance created by the lamp?

R = E/I = 24V/6A = 4Ω
Example 3: Current (I) and resistance (R) are known. What is the voltage?

What is the voltage in the circuit?

E = I x R = (5A) (8Ω) = 40 V
When Ohm published his formula in 1827, his key finding was that the amount of electric current
flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage imposed on it. In other words, one
volt of pressure is required to push one amp of current through one ohm of resistance.

What to validate using Ohm’s Law

Ohm’s Law can be used to validate the static values of circuit components, current levels, voltage
supplies, and voltage drops. If, for example, a test instrument detects a higher than normal current
measurement, it could mean that resistance has decreased or that voltage has increased, causing a
high-voltage situation. This could indicate a supply or circuit issue.
In direct current (dc) circuits, a lower than normal current measurement could mean that the voltage
has decreased, or circuit resistance has increased. Possible causes for increased resistance are poor
or loose connections, corrosion and/or damaged components.
Loads within a circuit draw on electrical current. Loads can be any sort of component: small electrical
devices, computers, household appliances or a large motor. Most of these components (loads) have
a nameplate or informational sticker attached. These nameplates provide safety certification and
multiple reference numbers.
Technicians refer to nameplates on components to learn standard voltage and current values. During
testing, if technicians find that customary values do not register on their digital multimeters or clamp
meters, they can use Ohm's Law to detect what part of a circuit is faltering and from that determine
where a problem may lie.

The basic science of circuits

Circuits, like all matter, are made of atoms. Atoms consist of subatomic particles:

 Protons (with a positive electrical charge)

 Neutrons (no charge)
 Electrons (negatively charged)

Atoms remain bound together by forces of attraction between an atom's nucleus and electrons in its
outer shell. When influenced by voltage, atoms in a circuit begin to reform and their components exert
a potential of attraction known as a potential difference. Mutually attracted loose electrons move
toward protons, creating a flow of electrons (current). Any material in the circuit that restricts this flow
is considered resistance.
 Activity 10: Magic Triangle!

Note! You can use the back of this module page, if your answers require further space.